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3.1.1.1: carboxylesterase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about carboxylesterase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.1.1.1

Reaction

a carboxylic ester
+
H2O
=
an alcohol
 +
a carboxylate

Synonyms

4-nitrophenyl esterase, ACAT, Acetyl esterase, acetyl xylan esterase, acid retinyl ester hydrolase, AcXE, Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, acylcarnitine hydrolase, AF1716, AF1763, AFEST, ali-esterase, aliesterase, alpha-carboxylesterase, alpha-esterase 7, alphaE7, alphaEsterase7, AOPP herbicide carboxylesterase, APE1547, AREH, aspirin hydrolase, Axe1NaM1, Axe1NaM2, Axe1NaM3, B-esterase, Bacillus esterase, BdB1, BioHe, BioHs, Brain carboxylesterase hBr1, BSE, BsE-NP01, BSE01701, butyrate esterase, butyryl esterase, CaE, CaesCCR11, carboxyesterase, Carboxyesterase ES-10, carboxyl ester hydrolase, carboxyl esterase, carboxyl/cholinesterase, carboxylate esterase, carboxylesterase, carboxylesterase 1, carboxylesterase 1A2, carboxylesterase 1C, carboxylesterase 2, carboxylesterase B, carboxylesterase B1, carboxylesterase-1, carboxylesterase-2, Carboxylesterase-5C, carboxylic acid esterase, carboxylic ester hydrolase, carboxylic esterase, Carboxylic-ester hydrolase, CarE, CbE, CCE, CE, CE-1, CE-2, CE1, CE2, CE21p, CE7 AcXE, CEH, CES, CES 1C, CES-2, CES1, CES1-b, CES1-c, CES1A, CES1A1, CES1A2, Ces1c, Ces1d, Ces1e, Ces1g, CES2, CES2A1, Ces3-1, Ces3a, cholesteryl ester hydrolase, cocaine esterase, cocaine:benzoylecgonine esterase, COE, CPT-CE, CXE, CXE1, CXE10, D1CarE5, de-arenethiolase, DEHP, E3 carboxylesterase, E34Tt, EC 3.1.1.21, Egasyn, ES-10, Es-22, ES-HTEL, ES-HVEL, ES-Male, ES-THET, ES10, ES11, ES3, ES4, ES5, ES6, ES7, ES9, EST, EST-3, EST-4, EST-5A, EST-5B, EST-5C, Est-AF, Est0071, Est1, Est1C, EST2, ESt3, Est3 esterase, Est30, Est55, EstA, EstA esterase, EstB, estBB1, EstC, EstC1, esterase, esterase 1F, esterase 2, esterase 2B, esterase 6A, esterase 9A, esterase A, esterase B, esterase B1, esterase D, esterase Sso2518, esterase, carboxyl, Esterase-22, Esterase-31, esterase-6, EStFa, EstGtA2, EstP, EstPS1, EstSt7, EstU1, Fluazifop-P-butyl carboxylesterase, Fluazifop-P-butyl hydrolase, FpbH, fungus-inducible pepper carboxylesterase, general odorant degradation enzyme, GODE, hCE-2, HCE1, HCE2, hCES1, hiCE, HMSE, hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL, human carboxylesterase 1, human carboxylesterase 2, human liver carboxylesterase, ICE, ICXE14, JHE-related, JHER, kidney bean esterase, Kidney microsomal carboxylesterase, LcalphaE7, LIP4, LipA, LipC, Liver microsomal carboxylesterase, malathion carboxylesterase, MAP esterase, MCE, ME, MeIAA esterase, MeSA esterase, methylbutyrase, methylbutyrate esterase, mfCES2v3, Microsomal palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, monobutyrase, Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase, More, mouse carboxylesterase, MT2282, NaM1, NaM2, NaM3, Non-specific carboxylesterase, nonspecific carboxylesterase, ODE, odorant degradation enzyme, P186_1588, PA3859, PepEST, PF2001, Pf2001 esterase, PI 5.5 esterase, PI 6.1 esterase, pig liver esterase, PLE, PMPMEase, pnbA, PnbA1, PnbA2, polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase, porcine liver carboxylesterase, PPE, PPMTase, PrbA, prenylated methylated protein methyl esterase, procaine esterase, Proline-beta-naphthylamidase, propionyl esterase, pyrethroid-hydrolysing esterase, Rsp3690, SABP2's methyl salicylate esterase, salicylic acid-binding protein 2, SeE, serine protease-like, serine-type carboxylesterase, SexiCXE10, SiRe0290, SshEstI, SshEstI esterase, Sso P1 carboxylesterase, Sso-EST1, SSO2493, SSO2517, SSoP1 CE, SsoPEst, ST0071, ST2026, STK_00710, Sto-Est, TGH, triacetin esterase, triacylglycerol hydrolase, vitamin A esterase, VmoLac

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.1 Acting on ester bonds
             3.1.1 Carboxylic-ester hydrolases
                3.1.1.1 carboxylesterase

General Stability

General Stability on EC 3.1.1.1 - carboxylesterase

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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
0.1% Triton X-100 exhibits a significant stabilizing effect without leading to a change in activity levels
10% glycerol, increases stability
-
2 mM dithiothreitol stabilizes
-
50% loss of activity upon lyophilization
-
dialysis using nitrocellulose membranes causes a significant loss of activity
-
esterase activity diminishes to 50% upon disruption of the protein's disulfide bridges and disappears completely when digested by proteases
-
in absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, purified enzymes are rapidly inactivated at 25°C
-
influence of NaCl on the stability of the enzyme is highly temperature dependent. At 22°C, the enzyme retains its highest activity when incubated at the high salt concentration of 3.4 M NaCl for over 100 hours. In contrast, the enzyme steadily loses its activity without salt, with most of its activity being lost within 50 h. As the incubation temperature is raised to 37°C, the activities under both solution conditions show a clear sign of decline, although the presence of 3.4 M NaCl sustains the activity more effectively. When the incubation temperature reaches 55°C, the rates of activity loss are significantly increased with and without the addition of 3.4 M NaCl. With further increase in temperature to 60°C the trend of acceleration of activity loss continues and salt addition again accelerates the rate of denaturation, confirming that whilst salt addition helps stabilize the enzyme below 50°C, the opposite effect is produced above it
resistant to complete denaturation by 8 M urea
-
stable
stable to repeated thawing and refreezing
-
the enzyme is quite stable up to 4 M NaCl and retains 90% of the original activity even after 12 h incubation
-
the enzyme is totally unfolded in salt-free medium and secondary structure appears in the presence of 0.25–0.5 M KCl. After salt depletion, the protein is able to recover 60% of its initial activity when 2 M KCl is added
the immobilized enzyme exhibits good operational stability, with a monomer conversion value of more than 55% after four batch reactions
Triton X-100 is essential for enzyme stability after solubilization
unstable at low concentrations, 10 - 100 nM. The half-life of the enzyme at a concentration of 60 nM is 5.2 h in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) at 4°C
unstable in crude extract, 10% v/v ethylene glycol and 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol or 1 mM dithiothreitol stabilize
-
wild-type NaM1 activity and thermal stability are not affected by bovine serum albumin or other stabilizing solutes other than NaCl and trehalose
-