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1.8.1.9: thioredoxin-disulfide reductase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about thioredoxin-disulfide reductase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 1.8.1.9

Reaction

thioredoxin
+
NADP+
=
thioredoxin disulfide
 +
NADPH
 +
H+

Synonyms

all0737, ApTR, At2g41680, AtNTRA, AtNTRB, bacillithiol disulfide reductase, bacillithiol-disulfide reductase, BBOV_I002190, Bdr, BSSB reductase, CeTR2, DmTR, DmTrxR, DmTrxR-1, EC 1.6.4.5, EhTRXR, ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase, FTR, general stress protein 35, GSP35, HCOI_01258400, hemolysate thioredoxin reductase, hemolysate TR, hTrxR, HvNTR1, HvNTR2, L-TR, L-TrxR, More, MtNTRC, mTR3, multifunctional thioredoxin-glutathione reductase, NAD(P)H:paraquat oxidoreductase, NADP-dependent thioredoxin reductase, NADP-linked thioredoxin reductase, NADP-thioredoxin reductase, NADP-thioredoxin reductase C, NADPH thioredoxin reductase, NADPH thioredoxin reductase C, NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase, NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase 2, NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C, NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase I, NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase-1, NADPH-dependent TRX reductase, NADPH-thioredoxin reductase, NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C, NADPH-Trx reductase, NADPH2:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase, NAPDH-dependent BSSB reductase, NTR, Ntr1, NTR2, Ntr3, NTRA, NTRAB, NtrB, NTRC, PH0178, PH1426, PhRP, PhTrxR, protein-disulfide oxidoreductase, reductase, thioredoxin, SEP1, taTrxR, TGR, thioredoxin glutathione reductase, thioredoxin h reductase, thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin reductase (NADPH), thioredoxin reductase 1, thioredoxin reductase 2, thioredoxin reductase-1, thioredoxin reductase1, TON_1603, TR, TR1, TR2, TR3, TRase, TrR, Trr1, Trr1p, TRR2, Trx1, Trx3, TrxB, TrxB1, TrxB2, TrxR, TrxR-1(cyto), TrxR-1(mito), TrxR1, TrxR2, TrxR3, TrxRB3, TRXRD, TrxRh1, TrxRh2, TrxT, Txnrd1, TXNRD1-v3, Txnrd2, TXNRD3, TxrR-1, YpdA

ECTree

     1 Oxidoreductases
         1.8 Acting on a sulfur group of donors
             1.8.1 With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
                1.8.1.9 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase

Inhibitors

Inhibitors on EC 1.8.1.9 - thioredoxin-disulfide reductase

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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-1,7-di-2-furyl-5-hydroxyhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-1-(2-bromophenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl]hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-2-furyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl]hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(2-thienyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl]-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl]-1-phenylhepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
-
-
(2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
-
-
(2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
-
-
(2E,5E)-2,5-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
-
-
(2E,5E)-2,5-bis[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentanone
-
-
(2E,5E)-2,5-bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanone
-
-
(3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one
-
-
(3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one
-
-
(3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxopiperidinium
-
-
(3E,5E)-3,5-bis[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]piperidin-4-one
-
-
(3E,5E)-3,5-bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]piperidin-4-one
-
-
(3E,5E)-3-[(2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]piperidin-4-one
-
-
(4-ammoniothiophenolato)(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)platinum(II) chloride
-
-
(4-ammoniothiophenolato)(4'-toyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)platinum(II) nitrate
-
-
(4-hydroxylthiophenolato)(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)platinum(II) chloride
-
-
(4-hydroxylthiophenolato)(4'-toyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)platinum(II) chloride
-
-
(4-methylpyrimidine-2-thiolato-kappaS)(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane-kappaP)gold
-
-
(4-methylpyrimidine-2-thiolato-kappaS)[1,1'-(1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl-kappaP)diethanone]gold
-
-
(N-acetyl-4-aminothiophenolato)(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)platinum(II) chloride
-
-
(N-acetyl-4-aminothiophenolato)(4'-toyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)platinum(II) nitrate
-
-
(pyridine-2-thiolato-kappaS)(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane-kappaP)gold
-
-
(pyridine-2-thiolato-kappaS)[1,1'-(1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl-kappaP)diethanone]gold
-
-
(pyrimidine-2-thiolato-kappaS)(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane-kappaP)gold
-
-
1,1'-sulfanediylbis(2,4-dinitrobenzene)
1,1'-sulfanediylbis[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene]
1,2-[bis(1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3(2H)-ketone)]ethane
-
apoptosis induced by the inhibitor is through Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-3 pathways
1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
1,4-dihydroxyanthroquinone
-
1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone
-
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-methyl-1-propyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide
13-cis-retinoic acid
-
-
15-deoxy-D-12,14-PGJ2
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.00036 mM
2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)di(1,2-benzoselenazol-3(2H)-one)
-
IC50 value for HEK-293T cells 3.4 microg/ml
2,2'-(hexane-1,6-diyl)di(1,2-benzoselenazol-3(2H)-one)
-
IC50 value for HEK-293T cells 2.5 microg/ml
2-aminothiazolium [trans-tetrachlorobis(2-aminothiazole)ruthenate(III)]
-
2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde
2-benzyloxycinnamaldehyde
2-chloro-1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
2-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
2-pentoxycinnamaldehyde
3,4-estronequinone
-
0.032 mM, IC50: 0.02 mM
3-(4-[[2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)propanoic acid
-
-
3-(4-[[6-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)propanoic acid
-
-
3-Bromopropionate
-
-
4,5-dinitro-1,3-benzodioxole
4,6-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-(1-benzothien-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-(5-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-azobenzene sulfonic acid
-
63% residual activity at 5 mM
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
-
0.005-0.025 mM, IC50: 0.0038 mM, irreversible inhibition; 0.05 mM, remarkable lost inhibition
4-hydroxy-4-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-hydroxynonenal
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.012 mM
4-nitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
4-Vinylpyridine
4-[6-fluoro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)
-
above 0.1 mM
5-fluoro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[1-oxo-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)ethyl]indole-4,7-dione
5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
5-nitro-1,3-benzodioxole
5-nitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
6,7-dinitroquinoxaline
6-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
6-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
6-nitroquinoxaline
allyl isothiocyanate
-
0.0205 mM, 50% inhibition after 30 min preincubation in assay with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate
arsenic trioxide
-
irreversible. Both the N-terminal redox-active dithiol and the C-terminal selenothiol-active site of reduced TrxR may participate in the reaction with the inhibitor. The inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth by arsenic trioxide is correlated with irreversible inactivation of thioredoxin reductase, which subsequently led to thioredoxin oxidation
arsenite
auranofin
aurothioglucose
Benzyl isothiocyanate
-
0.0033 mM, 50% inhibition after 30 min preincubation in assay with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate
bis-demethoxy curcumin
-
-
calveolin
-
chaetocin
-
competitive inhibitor with anticancer effects, complete inhibition at 0.015 mM
chloro[N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl-2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazonato]gold(III)dichloroaurate(I)
-
in addition, the complex is highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 and HT29 cells
cisplatin
Cr6+
-
hexavalent chromium causes pronounced inhibition of TrxR, the inhibition of TrxR is not reversed by removal of residual Cr6+ or by NADPH. In cells treated with 0.025 or 0.050 mM Cr6+ for 90 min, TrxR activity is inhibited by 71 and 77%, respectively, while after 180 min of the same treatments, TrxR is inhibited by 97 and 85%, respectively
curcumin
cyclophosphamide
-
250 mg/kg reduces activity reversibly to 25% at 3h after treatment
demethoxy curcumin
-
-
diallyl disulfide
-
0.38 mM, 50% inhibition after 30 min preincubation in assay with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate
dichloro[N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl-2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazonato]antimony(III)
-
in addition, the complex is highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 and HT29 cells
diphenylene iodonium
-
IC50: 0.001 mM
ebselen
ES936
Fe2+
-
strong inhibition
Fe3+
-
competitive
Glyoxal
-
93% residual activity at 5 mM
gold acetate
-
500 nM, 50% inhibition
gold sodium thiomalate
-
500 nM, 50% inhibition
ifosfamide
-
inhibition of thioredoxin reductase activity in malignant cells by ifosfamide is highly associated with its anticancer effect and the mechanism of ifosfamide systemic toxicity may be related to multi-organ inhibition of thioredoxin reductase activity
iodacetamide
-
-
Iodine
-
86% residual activity at 5 mM
iodoacetate
juglone
K2PdCl4
K2PdCl6
K2PtCl4
K2PtCl6
KAuCl4
leukotriene A4 methyl ester
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.513 mM
menadione
methylmercury
metronidazole
-
metronidazole-modified recombinant enzyme displays considerably reduced thioredoxin reductase activity. By reducing metronidazole, the enzyme renders itself and associated thiol-containing proteins vulnerable to adduct formation
Mg2+
-
slightly
Mn2+
-
strong inhibition
myricetin
-
0.05 mM, strong inhibitory effect, IC50: 0.62 mM
N-ethylmaleimide
NAD+
-
NAD+ acts as poor competitive inhibitor respect to both NADPH and NADH
NADP+
oxaliplatin
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
with NADPH
p-mercuribenzoate
-
-
palladium
palmarumycin CP1
-
0.001 mM, the naphthoquinone spiroketal fungal metabolite palmarumycin CP1 is a potent inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase-1, IC50: 0.00035 mM
palmitoyl-CoA
covalent inhibition of TrxR1/hTrx1 by palmitoyl-CoA. The palmitoyl-CoA/TrxR1 reaction is NADPH-dependent and produces palmitoylated TrxR1 at an active site selenocysteine residue
phenethyl isothiocyanate
-
0.075 mM, 50% inhibition after 30 min preincubation in assay with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate
phenyl mercuric acetate
-
stabilizes enzyme in one of two possible conformations
platinum
Prostaglandin A2
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.068 mM
pseudohypericin
strong inhibitor of isoform TrxR1
PX-911
-
0.001 mM, a water-soluble prodrug of a palmarumycin CP1 analogue, IC50: 0.0032 mM
PX-916
-
0.001 mM, a water-soluble prodrug of a palmarumycin CP1 analogue, potent inhibitor of purified human thioredoxin reductase-1, IC50: 0.00028 mM
PX-960
-
0.001 mM, a water-soluble prodrug of a palmarumycin CP1 analogue, IC50: 0.00027 mM
quercetin
-
0.05 mM, strong inhibitory effect, IC50: 0.97 mM
reactive oxygen species
-
0.1 mM, ROS generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase enhance the inhibitory effect of flavonoids
-
skyrin glucoside
-
sodium aurothiomalate
-
0.1 mM
sodium aurothiosulfate
-
100 nM, 50% inhibition
sulforaphane
-
0.04 mM, 50% inhibition after 30 min preincubation in assay with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate
theaflavin
theaflavin-3'-monogallate
-
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate
-
theaflavin-3-monogallate
-
trans,trans-curcumin
trans-cinnamaldehyde
trans-[bis(2-amino-5-methylthiazole)tetrachlororuthenate(III)]
selective inhibition of TrxR1
triphenyl phosphine gold chloride
-
75 nM, 50% inhibition
trisodium (4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-2-thiolato-kappaS2)[3,3',3''-(phosphanetriyl-kappaP)tribenzenesulfonato(3-)]aurate(3-)
-
-
trisodium [3,3',3''-(phosphanetriyl-kappaP)tribenzenesulfonato(3-)](pyrimidine-2-thiolato-kappaS)aurate(3-)
-
-
Zinc
-
0.05 mM, 50% inhibition
[(iPr2Im)2Au]Cl
-
mainly inhibits isoform TrxR2, about 30% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM or 0.05 mM
[Au(d2pype)2]Cl
-
mainly inhibits isoform TrxR1, about 30% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM, about 10% residual activity after 8 h at 0.05 mM
[Au(d2pypp)2]Cl
-
about 30% residual activity after 8 h at 0.005 mM, about 10% residual activity after 8 h at 0.05 mM
[Pt(2,2'-bipyridine)(ethylenediamine)]Cl2
-
the platinum(II) complex acts as an inhibitor by binding with the active site of the enzyme
additional information
-