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(Z)-ajoene + NADPH + H+
4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene + 4,8,9,13-tetrathiahexadeca-1,6,10,15-tetraene + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone + NADPH
?
1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2 ajoene + 4 NADPH + 4 H+
4,8,9,13-tetrathiahexadeca-1,6,1,15-tetraene + 4 NADP+ + 2 allylmercaptan
2,3-dimethylquinoxaline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
2,5-bis(aziridin-1-yl)-3,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2,5-bis(aziridin-1-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2,5-bis(aziridin-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2,5-bis(ethylamino)-3,6-di(aziridinyl)-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
6,7-dimethylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
6-methylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
7-methylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
9,10-phenanthrene quinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ajoene + NADPH + H+
4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene + NADP+ + H2O
AuCl4- + NADPH + H+
?
-
formation of gold nanoparticles at the active site of glutathione reductase that are tightly bound through the catalytic cysteines. The nanoparticles can be removed from the glutathione reductase active site with thiol reagents such as 2-mercaptoethanol
-
-
?
bis-N,N'-(gamma-glutamylcystine) + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
bis-N-chloro-gamma-L-glutamyl derivative of GSSG + NADPH + H+
? + glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
diallyl trisulfide + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
diethyl [2,5-bis(aziridin-1-yl)-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,4-diyl]biscarbamate + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
ferricyanide + NADPH + H+
ferrocyanide + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
glutathione + NADP+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
2 glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
glutathione-S-sulfonate + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
peroxynitrite + NADPH
nitrite + H2O + NADP+
quinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
quinoxaline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
S-allylmercaptoglutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 S-allylmercaptoglutathione + NADP+
S-nitrosoglutathione + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
trimethyl-aziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + NADPH
reduced trypanothione + NADP+
additional information
?
-
1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
2 ajoene + 4 NADPH + 4 H+
4,8,9,13-tetrathiahexadeca-1,6,1,15-tetraene + 4 NADP+ + 2 allylmercaptan
-
i.e. (E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene-9-oxide, substrate and inhibitor
-
?
2 ajoene + 4 NADPH + 4 H+
4,8,9,13-tetrathiahexadeca-1,6,1,15-tetraene + 4 NADP+ + 2 allylmercaptan
-
also formation of single-electron reduced product and concomitantly superoxide anion radicals
-
?
2,3-dimethylquinoxaline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
2,3-dimethylquinoxaline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
6-methylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
6-methylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
7-methylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
7-methylquinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
ajoene + NADPH + H+
4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene + NADP+ + H2O
-
i.e. (E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene-9-oxide, substrate and inhibitor
-
?
ajoene + NADPH + H+
4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene + NADP+ + H2O
-
also formation of single-electron reduced product and concomitantly superoxide anion radicals
-
?
glutathione + NADP+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
mixed disulfide of CoA and glutathione
-
-
r
glutathione + NADP+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
mixed disulfide of CoA and glutathione
-
-
r
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
NADH is used as a coenzyme with a lower efficiency (32.7%) than NADPH
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADH + H+
glutathione + NAD+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
enzyme is required for disposal of peroxides and radicals especially in the brain
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
optimum ionic strength is 435 mM
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
key enzyme in maintaining the reducing environment in the cell, maintainance of sulfhydryl redox potential in the cytoplasm
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
optimum ionic strength is 0.75 M using Tris-HCl buffer in presence of EDTA
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
enzyme is required for disposal of peroxides and radicals especially in the brain
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
enzyme produces glutathione in spermatozoa which is required for reduction and antioxidant defense by glutathione peroxidase, enzyme is involved in protection of the cells against oxidative damage, regulatory of pentose phosphate pathway, pathway overview
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
enzyme contains an active site disulfide/dithiol depending on the redox status
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
enzyme contains an active site disulfide/dithiol depending on the redox status
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
antioxidant enzyme, protects the pancreatic cell against reactive oxygen species involved in the diabetogenic agent-induced dysfunction of pancreatic-beta-cells
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
CDJ91018
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
WP_010214957
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
WP_010214957
the enzyme is an important oxidoreductase that helps maintain redox homeostasis
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
671910, 673194, 673458, 674175, 674440, 677215, 690147, 696681, 699224, 711008, 712066, 725616 -
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
using levels up to 300 mM NADP+ and 1 mM glutathione, the enzyme does not catalyse the reverse reaction, indicating that its physiological function is the reduction of GSSG or GSNO but not the opposite
-
ir
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
Achromobacter starkeyi
-
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
Achromobacter starkeyi
-
specific for GSSG
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
methylene blue and L-cystine slowly
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
no activity
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
high intracellular concentration of glutathione is important for functionality of thiol groups of cellular proteins
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
serves in detoxification
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
serves in detoxification
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
high GSSG level in dormant stage
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
highly specific for GSSG
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as electron acceptors
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?, ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
production of substrate for: glutathione peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9, glutathione-homocystine oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.1, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
production of substrate for: glutathione peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9, glutathione-homocystine oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.1, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
production of substrate for: glutathione peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9, glutathione-homocystine oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.1, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
production of substrate for: glutathione peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9, glutathione-homocystine oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.1, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
highly specific for GSSG
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
highly specific for GSSG
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
highly specific for GSSG
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
highly specific for GSSG
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
slight activity with D,L-lipoate
-
?, ir, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
?, ir, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
role in cell division cycle and in stress adaption on cellular level
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
probably major source of NADP+ for the pentose phosphate pathway in the lens
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
special role in cells that do no longer produce macromolecules
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of high levels of GSH in cytoplasm
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
production of substrate for: glutathione peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9, glutathione-homocystine oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.1, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
serves in detoxification
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
methylene blue as electron acceptor
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?, ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
?, ir, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
serves in detoxification
-
-
ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
enzyme plays a key role in nutrient-induced increase in the thiol content of pancreatic-islet cells and this increase itself participates in the coupling of metabolic to secretory events
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
production of substrate for: glutathione peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9, glutathione-homocystine oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.1, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2
-
-
?, ir
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione or other disulfides, e.g.: bis-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cystinyl-bis-beta-alanine
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
mixed disulfide between coenzyme A and glutathione
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
slight activity with bis-N,N'-(gamma-glutamylcystine)
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
glutathione-S-sulfonate
-
?, r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
no activity
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
reverse reaction only if very high concentration of NADP+ and glutathione present
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
S-sulfoglutathione and some mixed disulfides, with the exception of the mixed disulfide of coenzyme A and GSH, are poor substrates
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
maintenance of glutathione/GSSG ratio is a protective mechanism for intracellular thiols during growth in atmospheric oxygen
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
highly specific for GSSG
-
r
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
menadione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
menadione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
peroxynitrite + NADPH
nitrite + H2O + NADP+
-
-
-
?
peroxynitrite + NADPH
nitrite + H2O + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
quinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
quinoline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
quinoxaline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
quinoxaline-5,8-dione + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
S-allylmercaptoglutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 S-allylmercaptoglutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
S-allylmercaptoglutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 S-allylmercaptoglutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + NADPH
reduced trypanothione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + NADPH
reduced trypanothione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
trypanothione + NADPH
reduced trypanothione + NADP+
recombinant glutathione-trypanothione reductase-like enzyme
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
oxidized lipoamide and oxidized lipoic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
branched mechanism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
branched mechanism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is connected to neuronal loss during progression of neurodegenerative disorders
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
active with diverse FAD analogues, dependent on orientation of the cofactor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glutathione redox cycle
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
drug resistance to doxorubicin or selenite does not influence the enzyme activity in lung cancer cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is connected to neuronal loss during progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
prior inhibition of glutathione reductase activity protects against the toxicity of Cr6+ to a significant extent, suggesting that it reduces Cr6+ to a toxic metabolite
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
branched mechanism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme forms a disulfide bond formation system together with glutathione peroxidase GPx4, selenium regulates the enzyme expression pattern
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme can catalyze isomerization of protein and interprotein disulfide bonds, the function is localized in the thiol domain
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not effective to reduce cystine, lipoamide, nor trypanothione disulfide
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the antioxidant enzyme is important in the parasite sensitive to oxidative stress
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
branched mechanism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme forms a disulfide bond formation system together with glutathione peroxidase GPx4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme can catalyze isomerization of protein and interprotein disulfide bonds, the function is localized in the thiol domain
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
bisubstrate mechanism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrates: dithiolethiones and dithiolones
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
modulation of the redox state of tubulin by an artificial glutathione/glutaredoxin reductase system, repair of peroxynitrite-induced disulfides in porcine brain tubulin, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with L-gamma-glutamyl-2-methyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine disulfide
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: cysteamine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
low transhydrogenase activity with oxidized pyridine nucleotide analogs and diaphorase activity with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as acceptor substrates, NADPH and NADH as donors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has the ability to utilize both NADPH and NADH as electron donors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme has the ability to utilize both NADPH and NADH as electron donors
-
-
?