1.5.1.43: carboxynorspermidine synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about carboxynorspermidine synthase, go to the full flat file.
Reaction
Synonyms
ASA-DAP Schiff base reductase, Atu4170, C-NSPD synthase, CANSDH, carboxy(nor)spermidine dehydrogenase, carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase, carboxynorspermidine synthase, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase, CASDH, VC1624
ECTree
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General Information
General Information on EC 1.5.1.43 - carboxynorspermidine synthase
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malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
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deletion of the enzyme leads to a 50-60% reduction in growth rate of planktonic cells and severely reduced biofilm formation
malfunction
accumulation of the precursor putrescine in the CASDH mutant The mutant accumulates homospermidine, which requires a homospermidine synthase (hss) homologue. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mutants with diminished levels of the polyamine spermidine are stimulated for biofilm formation, and exogenous provision of spermidine decreases biofilm formation. Spermidine is also essential for Agrobacterium tumefaciens growth, but the related polyamine norspermidine exogenously rescues growth and does not diminish biofilm formation, the growth requirement and biofilm control are separable. Exogenous spermidine and norspermidine restore prototrophic growth for CASDH and CASDC mutants, but only spermidine inhibits biofilm formation. CASDH and CASDC mutants accumulate homospermidine via a homospermidine synthase homologue
malfunction
the DELTACASDH (Atu4170) mutant strain accumulates putrescine and homospermidine but lacks spermidine. The DELTA4170 strain contains endogenously produced putrescine and homospermidine, but there is no growth of this strain in the absence of exogenously supplied polyamines. Homospermidine biosynthesis is induced only after spermidine depletion. The DELTACASDH strain grows well in medium with added exogenous N8-acetylspermidine
malfunction
exogenous spermidine and norspermidine restore prototrophic growth for DELTA(CASDH) carboxynorspermidine synthase and DELTA(CASDC) carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase mutants
malfunction
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exogenous spermidine and norspermidine restore prototrophic growth for DELTA(CASDH) carboxynorspermidine synthase and DELTA(CASDC) carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase mutants
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malfunction
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
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the DELTACASDH (Atu4170) mutant strain accumulates putrescine and homospermidine but lacks spermidine. The DELTA4170 strain contains endogenously produced putrescine and homospermidine, but there is no growth of this strain in the absence of exogenously supplied polyamines. Homospermidine biosynthesis is induced only after spermidine depletion. The DELTACASDH strain grows well in medium with added exogenous N8-acetylspermidine
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malfunction
Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 El Tor
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deletion of the enzyme leads to a 50-60% reduction in growth rate of planktonic cells and severely reduced biofilm formation
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in an alternative pathway (alternate to the pathway via S-adenosyl-L-methionine), putrescine is first converted into carboxyspermidine with the precursor L-aspartate beta-semialdehyde by the enzyme carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase (CASDH), and then carboxyspermidine is converted to spermidine by carboxyspermidine decarboxylase (CASDC). Spermidine is an essential metabolite in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and is synthesized from putrescine via the stepwise actions of carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase (CASDH) and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase (CASDC)
metabolism
when spermidine levels are pharmacologically decreased, synthesis of spermine from spermidine is induced via the same biosynthetic enzymes, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase that produce spermidine from putrescine. Spermidine represses spermine biosynthesis, but when spermidine levels decrease, it is then converted by carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and decarboxylase enzymes to spermine, which is resistant to retroconversion and constitutes a sequestered pool of protected 1,3-diaminopropane modules required for growth. Polyamine biosynthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, overview
metabolism
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
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when spermidine levels are pharmacologically decreased, synthesis of spermine from spermidine is induced via the same biosynthetic enzymes, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase that produce spermidine from putrescine. Spermidine represses spermine biosynthesis, but when spermidine levels decrease, it is then converted by carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and decarboxylase enzymes to spermine, which is resistant to retroconversion and constitutes a sequestered pool of protected 1,3-diaminopropane modules required for growth. Polyamine biosynthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, overview
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spermidine is an essential metabolite in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and is synthesized from putrescine via the stepwise actions of carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase (CASDH) and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase (CASDC). Spermidine is essential for Agrobacterium tumefaciens growth, growth requirement and biofilm control are separable. Polyamine control of biofilm formation appears to function via effects on the cellular second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, regulating the transition from a freeliving to a surface-attached lifestyle
physiological function
when spermidine levels are pharmacologically decreased, synthesis of spermine from spermidine is induced via the same biosynthetic enzymes, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase that produce spermidine from putrescine. Essential role of a terminal 1,3-diaminopropane moiety in growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
physiological function
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
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when spermidine levels are pharmacologically decreased, synthesis of spermine from spermidine is induced via the same biosynthetic enzymes, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase that produce spermidine from putrescine. Essential role of a terminal 1,3-diaminopropane moiety in growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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