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(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
-
irreversible inactivation, second-order rate constants
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.550 mM
2,4-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 1.820 mM
2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one
2-mercaptobenzothiazole
-
1 mM, 94% inhibition
2-methyl-4-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
-
IC50: 0.00351 mM
2-methyl-4-[(E)-2-thienylmethylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5-one
-
IC50: 0.00311 mM
2-methyl-4-[(E,2Z)-3-phenyl-2-propenyliden]-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
-
IC50: 0.00123 mM
3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.555 mM
3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 1.180 mM
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
3,4-dihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.280 mM
3,4-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 2.0 mM
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
3,5-dihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.705 mM
3,5-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.710 mM
3-(acetoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-4-[[5-oxo-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-ylidene]methyl]phenylacetate
-
IC50: 0.00215 mM
3-aminophenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)
-
IC50: 0.0021 mM
3-aminophenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(cyclohexane-1,3-dione)
-
IC50: 0.00219 mM
3-chlorophenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)
-
IC50: 0.0032 mM
4-chloromercuribenzoate
-
1 mM, 96, 94 and 95% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II respectively
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
4-methylcatechol
-
field bean PPO obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits the phenomenon of inhibition by excess substrate for catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-tert-butylcatechol
4-tert-butylcatechol
-
field bean PPO obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits the phenomenon of inhibition by excess substrate for catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-tert-butylcatechol
4-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
-
IC50: 0.00323 mM
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
-
-
Ag+
-
1 mM, 60% inhibition
Al3+
-
1 mM, 89% inhibition
askendoside B
-
IC50 : 0.014 mM
azide
-
typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
Ba2+
-
moderately inhibits PPO
citral
-
noncompetitive inhibitor
cucurbitane glycosides
-
isolated from Bryonia, structureactivity relationships, overview
-
cycloartane glycosides
-
isolated from Astragalus sp., structureactivity relationships, overview
-
D-fructose
-
D-fructose at different concentrations, PPO activities are measured at 25°C and pH 7.0 to determine inhibitor effects of sugars on enzymatic activities. PPO activities from both cultivars show a decreasing pattern as sugar concentration in the assay medium increases
D-glucose
-
D-glucose at different concentrations, PPO activities are measured at 25°C and pH 7.0 to determine inhibitor effects of sugars on enzymatic activities. PPO activities from both cultivars show a decreasing pattern as sugar concentration in the assay medium increases
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
diethyldithiocarbamic acid
-
-
DL-dithiothreitol
-
competitive with 4-methylcatechol, catechol or pyrogallol. IC50: 0.147 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.0329 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.135 mM in reaction with catechol
epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
-
Fe2+
-
88%, 68% and 80% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
FeCl3
-
markedly inhibits PPO
gallocatechin gallate
-
-
geranyl acetate
-
slight inhibition
glycine methyl ester hydrochloride
-
irreversible inactivation, second-order rate constants
GSH
-
increasing the concentration from 0 to 300 mM results in a high inhibitory effect on enzyme activity, mostly due to a drop of pH of the reaction solution to acidic values. Upon heating GSH at 90°C, thermal degradation product formation is responsible for a partial inhibition. GSH-derived Maillard reaction products highly inhibit enzyme activity, inhibition efficiency increasing with heating time, 2-39 h and temperature, 80-100 °C
hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide
-
-
Hg2+
-
1 mM, 84% inhibition
iodoacetate
-
1 mM; 1 mM: 46%, 39% and 31% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
L-Cys
-
competitive with 4-methylcatechol, catechol or pyrogallol. IC50: 0.125 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.637 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.15 mM in reaction with catechol
Maillard reaction products
-
potential natural inhibitors for use with minimally processed fruits
-
meta-bisulfite
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM, 76% inhibition at 0.02 mM
mimosine
-
1 mM, 88%, 79% and 82% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
Mn2+
-
inhibits activity at 0.01 mM
myrcene
-
competitive inhibitor
N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate
-
94.4% inhibition at 0.0293 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.029 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.017 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.011 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,5-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.0022 mM
N-benzyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 1.660 mM
N-benzyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.780 mM
N-benzyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 2.0 mM
N-benzyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.700 mM
N-benzylamide
-
IC50: 1.990 mM
N-benzylbenzamide derivatives
-
inhibitory potency, structure-activity relationships, overview
-
naphthol
-
strong inhibition of the reaction with catechol
neryl acetate
-
slight inhibition
orcinol
-
strong inhibition of the reaction with catechol
p-aminobenzenesulfonamide
-
-
p-nitrophenol
-
strong inhibition of the reaction with catechol
papain
-
proteolytic inactivation
-
phenyl-2,2'-methylenebis-(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)
-
IC50: 0.0026 mM
polyvinylpyrrolidone 40
-
-
-
procyanidin
-
inhibition intensity increases with NAD+. The inhibitory effect of oxidized procyanidins is twice that of native procyanidins
resorcinol
-
10 mM, 40% inhibition
Sabinene
-
slight inhibition
Salicylhydroxamic acid
-
-
salicylic acid
-
uncompetitive
Sn2+
-
1 mM, 99% inhibition
SnCl2
-
markedly inhibits PPO
Sodium bisulfite
-
1 mM, 97% inhibition
Sodium cyanide
-
noncompetitive
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
succinic acid
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM
sulfonamide compounds
-
-
-
tyramine
-
typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
Xanthogenate
-
1 mM, 94% inhibition
(-)-epigallocatechin
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
-
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
-
(R)-HTCCA
-
-
(S)-HTCCA
-
-
1-Phenyl-2-thiourea
-
-
1-Phenyl-2-thiourea
-
complete inhibition at 5 mM
1-Phenyl-2-thiourea
-
94.4% inhibition at 0.0293 mM
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one
-
trivial name tropolone
2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one
-
1 mM, complete inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II
2-mercaptoethanol
-
1 mM, 97% inhibition
2-mercaptoethanol
Ferula sp.
-
competitive
2-mercaptoethanol
complete inhibition at 0.02 mM
2-mercaptoethanol
-
competitive
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
-
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
4-hexylresorcinol
-
-
aloesin
-
-
Anisaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM
Anisaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM
Anisaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM
Anisaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM
Anisaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM
ascorbate
complete inhibition at 2 mM, 94% inhibition at 0.2 mM
ascorbic acid
-
endogenous ascorbic acid prevents betanidin oxidation, the effect of ascorbic acid on the tyrosinase-mediated catalysis is the reduction of the o-quinone product of the enzymatic reaction back to the corresponding o-diphenol with the concomitant oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
-
70.95% inhibition at 20 mM
ascorbic acid
-
inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview
ascorbic acid
-
competitive with pyrolallol or catechol, noncompetitive with 4-methylcatechol as substrate. IC50: 0.357 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.818 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.33 mM in reaction with catechol
ascorbic acid
-
11% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Sicilia, 29% residual activity at 200 mM in cultivar Violetto di Provenza, 8% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Tema 2000
ascorbic acid
-
markedly inhibits PPO
ascorbic acid
-
nearly complete inhibition at 10 mM
ascorbic acid
-
pulp enzyme, 1 mM, complete inhibition
ascorbic acid
-
peel enzyme, 1 mM, complete inhibition
ascorbic acid
-
one of the most effective inhibitors of isozyme PPO 1, complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
ascorbic acid
-
0.066 mM, 26%, 59% and 96% inhibition of isoenzymes B, C, and D, respectively
azelaic acid
-
-
benzoic acid
-
64.86% inhibition at 10 mM
benzoic acid
56% inhibition at 20 mM, no inhibition at 0.02-2.0 mM
benzoic acid
-
noncompetitive
captopril
-
-
catechol
-
field bean PPO obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits the phenomenon of inhibition by excess substrate for catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-tert-butylcatechol
catechol
-
catechol produces substrate inhibition above 16 mM
cinnamaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, 0.980 mM
cinnamaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, 0.980 mM
cinnamaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, 0.980 mM
cinnamaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, 0.980 mM
cinnamaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, 0.980 mM
Citric acid
-
68.92% inhibition at 20 mM
Citric acid
-
37% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Sicilia, 59% residual activity at 200 mM in cultivar Violetto di Provenza, 18% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Tema 2000
Citric acid
-
32% residual activity at 10 mM
Citric acid
complete inhibition at 20 mM, 47% inhibition at 2 mM
Citric acid
-
slight inhibition
Citric acid
-
weak inhibition
CN-
-
1 mM, 82% inhibition
CN-
-
pulp enzyme, 1 mM, 80% inhibition
CN-
-
peel enzyme, 1 mM, 89% inhibition
CN-
-
0.165 mM, 84%, 70%, 100% and 40% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C and D, respectively
Co2+
-
35% residual activity at 10 mM
Cu2+
-
91.45% inhibition at 20 mM
Cu2+
-
moderately inhibits PPO
Cu2+
-
33% residual activity at 10 mM
cuminaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM
cuminaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM
cuminaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM
cuminaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM
cuminaldehyde
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM
Cupferron
-
-
cysteine
-
1 mM, 92% inhibition
cysteine
-
inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview
cysteine
-
pulp enzyme, 1 mM, complete inhibition
cysteine
-
peel enzyme, 1 mM, complete inhibition
davanol
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
72.37% inhibition at 20 mM, the diethyldithiocarbamate-inhibited phenoloxidase-like activity can be perfectly restored by 10 mM Cu2+ while Zn2+ has no recovery effect
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
pulp enzyme, 1 mM, complete inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
peel enzyme, 1 mM, complete inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.066 mM, 31%, 40%, 36% and 84% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C, and D, respectively
dithiothreitol
-
markedly inhibits PPO
dithiothreitol
-
complete inhibition at 0.150 mM of the root enzyme
dopamine
-
at high dopamine concentration, a decrease in activity is observed, indicating substrate inhibition
dopamine
-
dopamine produces substrate inhibition above 2 mM
dopastin
-
-
EDTA
-
75% inhibition at 10 mM
EDTA
-
88.8% inhibition at 3.75 mM
EDTA
73% inhibition at 2 mM, 31% inhibition at 0.2 mM
EDTA
-
inhibits the root enzyme, while the pulp enzyme is only poorly inhiibited
EDTA
-
5% residual activity at 0.1 mM
EDTA
-
100 mM, 33%, 60%, 81% and 35% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C and D, respectively
EDTA
-
10 mM, 15% inhibition
EDTA
-
22.2% inhibition at 2 mM
geranyl gallate
-
-
glabrene
-
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM
glabrene
-
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM
glabrene
-
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM
glabrene
-
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM
glabrene
-
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM
glabridin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM
glabridin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM
glabridin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM
glabridin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM
glabridin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM
glutathione
-
mixed type inhibition with 4-methylcatechol as substrate, noncompetitive with pyrogallol or catechol as substrates. IC50: 0.174 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.335 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.323 mM in reaction with catechol
glutathione
complete inhibition at 2 mM, 94% inhibition at 0.2 mM
glutathione
-
1 mM, 98%, 95% and 96% inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib, and II, respectively
glutathione
-
0.066 mM, 2%, 22% and 84% inhibition of isoenzymes B, C, and D, respectively
glutathione
-
competitive
isoascorbic acid
-
1 mM, 99% inhibition
isoascorbic acid
-
1 mM, complete inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II
isoliquiritigenin
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047
isoliquiritigenin
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047
isoliquiritigenin
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047
isoliquiritigenin
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047
isoliquiritigenin
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047
kaempferol
-
-
kojic acid
-
IC50: 0.016.67 mM
kojic acid
-
IC50: 0.0163 mM
kojic acid
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM
kojic acid
-
mixed inhibition
kojic acid
-
typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
kojic acid
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM
kojic acid
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM
kojic acid
-
11% residual activity at 10 mM
kojic acid
96% inhibition at 2 mM, 60% inhibition at 0.2 mM
kojic acid
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM
kojic acid
-
1 mM complete inhibition of isoenzymes Ia, Ib and II
kojic acid
-
43% residual activity at 1 mM
kojic acid
-
99% inhibition of diphenolase activity at 1 mM
kojic acid
-
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM
L-ascorbic acid
Ferula sp.
-
noncompetitive
L-ascorbic acid
-
complete inhibition at 0.90 mM of the root enzyme, and at 1 mM of the pulp enzyme
L-ascorbic acid
-
competitive
L-cysteine
-
43.24% inhibition at 20 mM
L-cysteine
-
complete inhibition at 0.973 mM of the root enzyme, and at 1 mM of the pulp enzyme
L-cysteine chloride
Ferula sp.
-
competitive
L-cysteine chloride
-
competitive
L-mimosine
-
IC50: 0.00368 mM
L-mimosine
-
typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
luteolin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM
luteolin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM
luteolin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM
luteolin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM
luteolin
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM
m-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
m-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
Metabisulfite
-
1 mM, 95% inhibition
Methimazole
-
-
Mg2+
-
inhibits activity at 0.01 mM
morin
-
-
morin
-
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM
NaCl
54% inhibition at 2 mM, 19% inhibition at 0.2 mM
NaCl
-
29% residual activity at 0.1 mM
NaCl
-
800 mM, 48%, 47%, 55% and 93% inhibition of isoenzymes A, B, C, and D, respectively
NaHSO3
-
-
NaHSO3
-
0.066 mM, 64%, 50% and 27% inhibition of isoenzymes B, C, and D, respectively
o-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
o-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
p-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
p-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
Phenylthiourea
-
typical inhibitors of catecholoxidase, also inhibit the phenoloxidase activity of activated hemocyanin
quercetin
-
-
quercetin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.2 mM
SDS
-
-
SDS
-
12.2% inhibition at 2 mM
Sodium azide
-
-
Sodium azide
-
competitive with 4-methylcatechol or pyrogallol, noncompetitive with catechol as substrate. IC50: 1.31 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 10.3 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 4.32 mM in reaction with catechol
Sodium azide
complete inhibition at 2 mM, 99% inhibition at 0.2 mM
Sodium azide
-
noncompetitive
Sodium azide
-
10 mM, 100% inhibition
Sodium azide
-
26.6% inhibition at 2 mM
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
Ferula sp.
-
competitive
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
-
-
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
-
cstrong competitive inhibitor
Sodium metabisulfite
Ferula sp.
-
competitive
Sodium metabisulfite
-
markedly inhibits PPO
Sodium metabisulfite
-
27% residual activity at 10 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
complete inhibition at 0.109 mM of the root enzyme, and at 1 mM of the pulp enzyme
Sodium metabisulfite
-
one of the most effective inhibitors of isozyme PPO 1, complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
competitive
sodium sulfite
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
tartaric acid
-
2% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Sicilia, 18% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Violetto di Provenza, 29% residual activity at 400 mM in cultivar Tema 2000
Thiourea
-
1 mM, 59% inhibition
Thiourea
-
84.46% inhibition at 10 mM
Thiourea
-
strong inhibition of the reaction with catechol
tropolone
-
-
tropolone
-
competitive with pyrolallol or catechol, noncompetitive with 4-methylcatechol. IC50: 0.0109 mM in reaction with 4-methylcatechol, IC50: 0.0539 mM in reaction with pyrogallol, IC50: 0.0297 mM in reaction with catechol
tropolone
-
pseudo first-order rate constants for inactivation
tropolone
-
34% residual activity at 10 mM
tropolone
-
68% residual activity at 0.1 mM
tropolone
-
97% inhibition of diphenolase activity at 1 mM
tropolone
-
most powerful specific PPO inhibitor. It reduces the PPO activity by 50%, when used at a low 0.01 mM concentration
Zn2+
-
45.39% inhibition at 20 mM
Zn2+
-
moderately inhibits PPO
additional information
-
synthesis and evaluation of several tetraketones with variable substituents at C-7, IC50 values, overview
-
additional information
-
synthesis and inhibitory potential of seventeen synthesized oxazolone derivatives, structure-activity relationships, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by cycloalpioside D, cycloorbicoside A, askendoside G, and cucurbitacin L
-
additional information
-
structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
-
additional information
-
volatile flavor constituents of Yuzu, Mochiyuzu, Kabosu, Daidai, Naoshichi, Kiyookadaidai, Lisbon lemon, and Eureka lemon essential oils act as inhibitors of diphenolase activity
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by Ca2+ and Mg2+
-
additional information
-
structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by EDTA, 4-aminobenzoate, salicylic acid, gallic acid and benzoic acid
-
additional information
-
kinetics of enzyme inactivation by temperature and pressure
-
additional information
-
melanin plays a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis, however, the production of abnormal melanin pigmentation is a serious esthetic problem in humans, melanin biosynthesis can be inhibited by avoiding UV exposure, the inhibition of tyrosinase, the inhibition of melanocyte metabolism and proliferation, or the removal of melanin with corneal ablation, overview, structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by SDS
-
additional information
-
inhibition by high concentrations of the substrates caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid
-
additional information
-
inhibition by oxidation product from coffeoylquinic acid, oxidation product from (-)-epicatechin, oxidation product from (-)-epicatechin and caffeoylquinic acid, procyanidins from Avrolles cultivar, procyanidines from Kermerrien cultivar, procyanidins from Jeanne renard cultivar and oxidized procyanidins from Jeanne renard cultivar
-
additional information
-
PPO activity is more effectively inhibited in an acid than in an alkaline pH
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by 10 mM EDTA, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Ba2+
-
additional information
-
structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by amentoflavone, BHT, and morelloflavone
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by 2,2'-dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA
-
additional information
-
sensitivity to inhibitors of the soluble and particulate enzyme forms, overview
-
additional information
-
structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by kojic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol
-
additional information
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inactivation of the enzyme in freshly prepared grape must under high hydrostatic pressure of 100-800 MPa, combined with moderate temperature (20-70°C), or atmospheric pressure conditions in a temperature range of 55-70°C, pressure and temperature act synergistically, except in the hightemperature-low-pressure region where an antagonistic effect is found, kinetics of thermal inactivation, overview
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