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D275E
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6%, D-mannose 11%, D-allose 44%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 45%, D-galactose 12%, D-xylose 7%, D-lactose 52%, D-maltose 44%, respectively
D276E
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 13%, D-mannose 19%, D-allose 54%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 57%, D-galactose 26%, D-xylose 20%, D-lactose 75%, D-maltose 66%, respectively
D340F/Y418F
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increase in temperature stability
D340F/Y418I
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increase in temperature stability
D448N
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 72%, D-allose 39%, D-galactose 14%, D-maltose 36%, D-lactose 48%, respectively
D456N
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 78%, D-allose 43%, D-galactose 16%, D-maltose 41%, D-lactose 59%, respectively
DD457N
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 80%, D-allose 46%, D-galactose 11%, D-maltose 32%, D-lactose 43%, respectively
E277A
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 11%, D-mannose 33%, D-allose 142%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 91%, D-galactose 46%, D-xylose 23%, D-lactose 83%, D-maltose 39%, respectively
E277D
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 9%, D-mannose 19%, D-allose 68%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 58%, D-galactose 21%, D-xylose 15%, D-lactose 87%, D-maltose 73%, respectively
E277G
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 15%, D-mannose 38%, D-allose 189%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 113%, D-galactose 59%, D-xylose 28%, D-lactose 100%, D-maltose 52%, respectively
E277H
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 3%, D-mannose 11%, D-allose 67%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 45%, D-galactose 12%, D-xylose 9%, D-lactose 57%, D-maltose 39%, respectively
E277K
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 7%, D-mannose 18%, D-allose 116%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 84%, D-galactose 28%, D-xylose 18%, D-lactose 79%, D-maltose 74%, respectively
E277N
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 8%, D-mannose 29%, D-allose 148%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 91%, D-galactose 43%, D-xylose 18%, D-lactose 86%, D-maltose 59%, respectively
E277Q
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 10%, D-mannose 31%, D-allose 134%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 80%, D-galactose 35%, D-xylose 25%, D-lactose 68%, D-maltose 54%, respectively
E277V
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 8%, D-mannose 29%, D-allose 150%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 101%, D-galactose 25%, D-xylose 19%, D-lactose 114%, D-maltose 65%, respectively
I278F
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 4%, D-mannose 14%, D-allose 54%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 47%, D-galactose 15%, D-xylose 12%, D-lactose 64%, D-maltose 49%, respectively
N279H
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 2%, D-mannose 6%, D-allose 49%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 50%, D-galactose 13%, D-xylose 8%, D-lactose 64%, D-maltose 61%, respectively
N452T
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 59%, D-allose 33%, D-galactose 5%, D-maltose 30%, D-lactose 31%, respectively
N462H
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 53%, D-allose 32%, D-galactose 2%, D-maltose 25%, D-lactose 31%, respectively
S231C
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 3%, D-mannose 8%, D-allose 46%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 76%, D-galactose 14%, D-xylose 8%, D-lactose 69%, D-maltose 69%, respectively
S231D
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 2%, D-mannose 9%, D-allose 38%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 71%, D-galactose 12%, D-xylose 8%, D-lactose 54%, D-maltose 38%, respectively
S231H
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 2%, D-mannose 12%, D-allose 57%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 86%, D-galactose 17%, D-xylose 7%, D-lactose 56%, D-maltose 38%, respectively
S231K
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increase in thermal stability. Substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 5%, D-mannose 10%, D-allose 43%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 82%, D-galactose 15%, D-xylose 5%, D-lactose 59%, D-maltose 70%, respectively
S231L
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6%, D-mannose 13%, D-allose 62%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 105%, D-galactose 20%, D-xylose 12%, D-lactose 73%, D-maltose 76%, respectively
S231M
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 5%, D-mannose 9%, D-allose 43%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 80%, D-galactose 10%, D-xylose 8%, D-lactose 56%, D-maltose 41%, respectively
S231N
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substrate specificity: D-glucose 100% activity, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 5%, D-mannose 12%, D-allose 61%, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 109%, D-galactose 18%, D-xylose 15%, D-lactose 66%, D-maltose 51%, respectively
T416V/T417V
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increase in temperature stability
N428C
the catalytic efficiency is increased by 47% compared to the wild type enzyme, the mutant shows increased affinity for pyrroloquinoline quinone and is twice more active toward D-glucose and more selective toward maltose than the wild type
N428C
the mutant shows almost twice the maximum catalytic activity compared to the wild type
additional information
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constructed of heterodimeric PQQGDH-B composed of native wild-type and inactive mutant H168Q subunits. The heterodimeric wild-type/H168Q shows slightly decreased GDH activity and almost identical substrate specificity profile to the wild-type enzyme. The Hill coefficient of the heterodimer is calculated as 1.13, indicating positive cooperativity
additional information
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expression in Pichia pastoris using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal sequence for secretion. The productivity of secreted PQQGDH-B achieves 218 kU/liter, i.e. 43 mg/liter. The secreted PQQGDH-B in Pichia pastoris is glycosylated but shows similar enzymatic properties as compared with those of recombinant PQQGDH-B produced in Escherichia coli