Literature summary for 6.3.1.2 extracted from

Saum, S.H.; Mueller, V.
Regulation of osmoadaptation in the moderate halophile Halobacillus halophilus: chloride, glutamate and switching osmolyte strategies (2008), Saline Syst., 4, 4.

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene glnA2, expression analysis	Halobacillus halophilus

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Cl-	the enzyme's expression partially and activity strictly depends on chloride, strongly salinity-dependent expression of gene glnA2 with a maximal increase of transcripts of about 4fold at 1.5 M NaCl or higher compared to the value at 0.4 M NaCl, expression of glnA1 is not influenced by different salinities, optimal enzyme activity at 2.5 M NaCl or higher, chloride dependent regulatory network, overview	Halobacillus halophilus
Mg2+	-	Halobacillus halophilus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + L-glutamate + NH3	Halobacillus halophilus	isozyme GS2 is involved in osmoregulation of the cells and is part of the chloride regulon of Halobacillus halophilus, overview. At moderate salinities Halobacillus halophilus mainly accumulates glutamine and glutamate to adjust turgor, while it produces proline at high salinity. Halobacillus halophilus also shifts its osmolyte strategy at the transition from the exponential to the stationary phase where proline is exchanged by ectoine, regulation mechanism, overview	ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Halobacillus halophilus	Q0E5H7	gene glnA2	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + L-glutamate + NH3	-	Halobacillus halophilus	ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine	-	?
ATP + L-glutamate + NH3	isozyme GS2 is involved in osmoregulation of the cells and is part of the chloride regulon of Halobacillus halophilus, overview. At moderate salinities Halobacillus halophilus mainly accumulates glutamine and glutamate to adjust turgor, while it produces proline at high salinity. Halobacillus halophilus also shifts its osmolyte strategy at the transition from the exponential to the stationary phase where proline is exchanged by ectoine, regulation mechanism, overview	Halobacillus halophilus	ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
Glutamine synthetase	-	Halobacillus halophilus

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
ATP	-	Halobacillus halophilus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)