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Literature summary for 4.4.1.5 extracted from
- Bacterial glyoxalase I enzymes: structural and biochemical investigations (2014), Biochem. Soc. Trans., 42, 479-484.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the octahedral metal ligand geometry appears to be mechanistically quintessential to Glo1 enzymatic activity, regardless of the Glo1 metal-activation class | Clostridium acetobutylicum |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| the initial high-throughput X-ray structure containing Zn2+ bound in the two active sites shows a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, inactive Zn2+ -bound enzyme, whereas the active Ni2+ -bound enzyme has an octahedral geometry | Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| X-ray structure of the homodimeric humanGlo1 in the presence of the bound inhibitor S-benzylglutathione | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| S-benzylglutathione | - |
Homo sapiens |  |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cd2+ | can partially substitute for Zn2+, the proton-transfer step is partially rate-limiting for the Cd2+ -substituted enzyme utilizing alpha-deuterophenylglyoxal as substrate | Escherichia coli | |
| Co2+ | activates | Pseudomonas putida | |
| Co2+ | can partially substitute for Ni2+ | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| Mg2+ | activates | Pseudomonas putida | |
| Mn2+ | activates | Pseudomonas putida | |
| additional information | broad metal-activation profile of the enzyme, the mechanism probably involves the formation of an enediol(ate) reaction intermediate | Pseudomonas putida | |
| additional information | no activation by Ni2+. The two metals stabilize the transition state, possibly an enediol(ate)-like transition state, to different extents and/or there is a differential contribution to a mechanism that requires exchange of the water ligands on the metal with the oxygens of the substrate hemithioacetal, homodimeric in nature with two subunits identified in the structure,with each active site being formed by residues from each of the two subunits and two water (or hydroxide) molecules completing the octahedral metal-co-ordination environment | Escherichia coli | |
| additional information | no activation by Zn2+ of isozymes 1 and 2 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| additional information | no activation by Zn2+, trigonal bipyramidal geometry of the inactive Zn2+ -bound enzyme. The octahedral metal ligand geometry appears to be mechanistically quintessential to Glo1 enzymatic activity, regardless of the Glo1 metal-activation class | Clostridium acetobutylicum | |
| additional information | no Zn2+ -activation | Leishmania major | |
| Ni2+ | activates | Pseudomonas putida | |
| Ni2+ | activates isozymes 1 and 2, Ni2+ -activation class | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| Ni2+ | activates, Ni2+ -activation class, only one Ni2+ is needed for full enzyme activation | Leishmania major | |
| Ni2+ | Ni2+-activating class | Leishmania donovani | |
| Ni2+ | Ni2+-activating class | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
| Ni2+ | required for activity, dependent on, Ni2+ -activation class, the active Ni2+ -bound enzyme has an octahedral geometry | Clostridium acetobutylicum | |
| Zn2+ | activates isozyme 3, Zn2+ -activation class | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| Zn2+ | activates, beste metal ion, Zn2+ -activation class | Pseudomonas putida | |
| Zn2+ | activates, Zn2+ -activation class | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| Zn2+ | activates, Zn2+ -activation class | Pseudomonas fluorescens | |
| Zn2+ | activates, Zn2+ -activation class | Pseudomonas syringae | |
| Zn2+ | activates, Zn2+ -activation class. Presence of two active sites, with each active-site Zn2+ ion bound by two amino acid residues from one subunit and two other residues from the second subunit. Water molecules are proximal to the Zn2+ centre. The presence of a repeating betalphabetabetabeta secondary-structural motif is discovered in the molecular structure | Homo sapiens | |
| Zn2+ | Zn2+ -activation class | Neisseria meningitidis | |
| Zn2+ | Zn2+ -activation class | Yersinia pestis | |
| Zn2+ | Zn2+ -activation class, Zn2+ binds to the active site | Escherichia coli | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Escherichia coli | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Homo sapiens | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Pseudomonas fluorescens | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Pseudomonas putida | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Neisseria meningitidis | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Plasmodium falciparum | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Yersinia pestis | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Pseudomonas syringae | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | Clostridium acetobutylicum | - |
(R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | Leishmania donovani | - |
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | Leishmania major | - |
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | Leishmania infantum | - |
5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clostridium acetobutylicum | - |
- |
- |
| Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Leishmania donovani | - |
- |
- |
| Leishmania infantum | - |
- |
- |
| Leishmania major | - |
- |
- |
| Neisseria meningitidis | - |
- |
- |
| Plasmodium falciparum | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - |
three isozymes of glyoxalase I | - |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudomonas putida | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudomonas syringae | - |
- |
- |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
- |
- |
| Yersinia pestis | - |
- |
- |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Escherichia coli | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Homo sapiens | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Pseudomonas fluorescens | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Pseudomonas putida | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Neisseria meningitidis | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Plasmodium falciparum | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Yersinia pestis | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Pseudomonas syringae | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | - |
Clostridium acetobutylicum | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Escherichia coli | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Homo sapiens | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Pseudomonas fluorescens | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Pseudomonas putida | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Neisseria meningitidis | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Plasmodium falciparum | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Yersinia pestis | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Pseudomonas syringae | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| glutathione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Clostridium acetobutylicum | (R)-S-lactoylglutathione | - |
? | |
| additional information | the calculated longer-range electrostatic attractive potential for the enzyme is centred between and above the two active sites, suggesting a possible approach trajectory for the substrate targeted initially to a position above the two active sites followed by migration to one of the two active sites allowing for enzymatic reaction | Clostridium acetobutylicum | ? | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Trypanosoma cruzi | S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | - |
Leishmania donovani | 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | - |
Leishmania major | 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | - |
Leishmania infantum | 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Leishmania donovani | 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Leishmania major | 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
| trypanothione + methylglyoxal | the reverse reaction from the hemithioacetate intermediate proceeds non-enzymatically | Leishmania infantum | 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dimer | - |
Pseudomonas putida |
| dimer | quaternary-structure arrangement analysis, overview | Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| homodimer | - |
Homo sapiens |
| homodimer | crystal structure overview | Escherichia coli |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Glo1 | - |
Escherichia coli |
| Glo1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| Glo1 | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Glo1 | - |
Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| Glo1 | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Glo1 | - |
Pseudomonas putida |
| Glo1 | - |
Neisseria meningitidis |
| Glo1 | - |
Leishmania donovani |
| Glo1 | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
| Glo1 | - |
Plasmodium falciparum |
| Glo1 | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| Glo1 | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| Glo1 | - |
Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| Glo1 | - |
Leishmania major |
| Glo1 | - |
Leishmania infantum |
| GloA | - |
Escherichia coli |
| GloA | - |
Homo sapiens |
| GloA | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| GloA | - |
Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| GloA | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| GloA | - |
Pseudomonas putida |
| GloA | - |
Neisseria meningitidis |
| GloA | - |
Leishmania donovani |
| GloA | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
| GloA | - |
Plasmodium falciparum |
| GloA | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| GloA | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| GloA | - |
Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| GloA | - |
Leishmania major |
| GloA | - |
Leishmania infantum |
| GLXI | - |
Escherichia coli |
| GLXI | - |
Homo sapiens |
| GLXI | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| GLXI | - |
Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| GLXI | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| GLXI | - |
Pseudomonas putida |
| GLXI | - |
Neisseria meningitidis |
| GLXI | - |
Leishmania donovani |
| GLXI | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
| GLXI | - |
Plasmodium falciparum |
| GLXI | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| GLXI | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| GLXI | - |
Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| GLXI | - |
Leishmania major |
| GLXI | - |
Leishmania infantum |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Escherichia coli |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Homo sapiens |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Pseudomonas putida |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Neisseria meningitidis |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Leishmania donovani |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Plasmodium falciparum |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Leishmania major |
| glyoxalase I | - |
Leishmania infantum |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Escherichia coli |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Homo sapiens |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Pseudomonas putida |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Neisseria meningitidis |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Leishmania donovani |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Plasmodium falciparum |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Yersinia pestis |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Clostridium acetobutylicum |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Leishmania major |
| S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase (isomerizing) | - |
Leishmania infantum |
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