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Literature summary for 3.5.1.5 extracted from
- Ureases I. Functional, catalytic and kinetic properties: A review (2009), J. Mol. Catal. B, 59, 9-21.
No PubMed abstract available
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | the action of urease in the upper intestinal tract is exploited in a non-invasive urease breath test for the diagnosis of bacterial infections of Helicobacter pylori: 13C- or 14C-labelled urea is ingested, and if the bacterium is present in the stomach, the urea is converted into isotope-labelled carbon dioxide. This is absorbed into the blood and exhaled in the breath, where it is detected by mass spectrometer or scintillation counter | Helicobacter pylori |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| crystal structure determined at 2.0 A | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| crystal structure determined at 2.2 A | Klebsiella aerogenes |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.11 | - |
Urea | pH 8.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Otala lactea |  |
| 0.2 | - |
Urea | range Km: 0.2-0.8 mM, pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Helicobacter pylori | |
| 1.03 | - |
Urea | pH 8.2, temperature not specified in the publication | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | |
| 1.33 | - |
Urea | pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Aspergillus nidulans | |
| 1.66 | - |
Urea | pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Staphylococcus leei | |
| 2 | - |
Urea | pH 4.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Streptococcus mitior | |
| 2.2 | - |
Urea | pH 8, temperature not specified in the publication | Selenomonas ruminantium | |
| 2.5 | - |
Urea | pH 6.9, temperature not specified in the publication | Ureaplasma urealyticum | |
| 2.7 | - |
Urea | pH 2, temperature not specified in the publication | Limosilactobacillus fermentum | |
| 2.8 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, 37°C | Klebsiella aerogenes | |
| 2.8 | - |
Urea | pH 2, temperature not specified in the publication | Limosilactobacillus reuteri | |
| 2.8 | - |
Urea | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Klebsiella aerogenes | |
| 2.8 | - |
Urea | pH 7.75, temperature not specified in the publication | Klebsiella aerogenes | |
| 2.9 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, 38°C | Canavalia ensiformis | |
| 3 | - |
Urea | pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Aspergillus niger | |
| 3 | - |
Urea | pH 4.2, temperature not specified in the publication | Arthrobacter mobilis | |
| 3 | - |
Urea | pH 7.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Cajanus cajan | |
| 4.1 | - |
Urea | pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Coccidioides immitis | |
| 4.5 | - |
Urea | pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Nitellopsis obtusa | |
| 5.6 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Brucella suis | |
| 9.3 | - |
Urea | pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Providencia stuartii | |
| 9.5 | - |
Urea | pH 6, temperature not specified in the publication | Staphylococcus saprophyticus | |
| 10.5 | - |
Urea | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Providencia rettgeri | |
| 12.5 | - |
Urea | pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication | Pseudarthrobacter oxydans | |
| 13 | - |
Urea | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Proteus mirabilis | |
| 17.3 | - |
Urea | pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Sporosarcina pasteurii | |
| 32 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Corynebacterium ammoniagenes | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ni2+ | required for activity | Canavalia ensiformis | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11000 | - |
1 * 61000 + 1 * 11000 + 1 * 14000 composed of three distinct subunits (one large (61 kDa) and two small (11 kDa and 14 kDa)), commonly forming (alpha beta gamma)3 trimers | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 11100 | - |
gamma subunit, method not specified | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 11100 | - |
gamma subunit, method not specified | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 11700 | - |
beta subunit, method not specified | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 12000 | - |
gamma subunit, method not specified | Staphylococcus leei |
| 14000 | - |
beta subunit, method not specified | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 20400 | - |
beta subunit, method not specified | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| 21000 | - |
beta subunit, method not specified | Staphylococcus leei |
| 26500 | - |
beta subunit, method not specified | Helicobacter pylori |
| 60300 | - |
alpha subunit, method not specified | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 61000 | - |
alpha subunit, method not specified | Helicobacter pylori |
| 61000 | - |
1 * 61000 + 1 * 11000 + 1 * 14000 composed of three distinct subunits (one large (61 kDa) and two small (11 kDa and 14 kDa)), commonly forming (alpha beta gamma)3 trimers | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 61400 | - |
alpha subunit, method not specified | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 65000 | - |
alpha subunit, method not specified | Staphylococcus leei |
| 72400 | - |
alpha subunit, method not specified | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| 90770 | - |
alpha subunit of jack bean urease without Ni2+, method not specified | Canavalia ensiformis |
| 113900 | - |
gamma subunit, method not specified | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| 545300 | - |
hexamer with 12 nickel ions included, method not specified | Canavalia ensiformis |
| 590000 | - |
hexamer with 12 nickel ions included, sedimentation method | Canavalia ensiformis |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthrobacter mobilis | - |
- |
- |
| Aspergillus nidulans | - |
- |
- |
| Aspergillus niger | - |
- |
- |
| Brucella suis | - |
- |
- |
| Cajanus cajan | - |
- |
- |
| Canavalia ensiformis | - |
- |
- |
| Coccidioides immitis | - |
- |
- |
| Corynebacterium ammoniagenes | - |
- |
- |
| Helicobacter pylori | - |
- |
- |
| Klebsiella | - |
- |
- |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | - |
- |
- |
| Limosilactobacillus fermentum | - |
- |
- |
| Limosilactobacillus reuteri | - |
- |
- |
| Nitellopsis obtusa | - |
- |
- |
| Otala lactea | - |
- |
- |
| Proteus mirabilis | - |
- |
- |
| Providencia rettgeri | - |
- |
- |
| Providencia stuartii | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudarthrobacter oxydans | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudomonas | - |
- |
- |
| Schizosaccharomyces pombe | - |
- |
- |
| Selenomonas ruminantium | - |
- |
- |
| Sporosarcina pasteurii | - |
- |
- |
| Staphylococcus leei | - |
- |
- |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | - |
- |
- |
| Staphylococcus sp. | - |
- |
- |
| Staphylococcus xylosus | - |
- |
- |
| Streptococcus mitior | - |
- |
- |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | - |
- |
- |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.79 | - |
pH 8.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Otala lactea |
| 60.6 | - |
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Providencia rettgeri |
| 219 | - |
pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication | Pseudarthrobacter oxydans |
| 220 | - |
pH 2, temperature not specified in the publication | Limosilactobacillus fermentum |
| 230 | - |
pH 4.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Streptococcus mitior |
| 290 | - |
pH 2, temperature not specified in the publication | Limosilactobacillus reuteri |
| 540 | - |
pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Brucella suis |
| 670 | - |
pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Aspergillus nidulans |
| 690 | - |
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 700 | - |
pH 8.2, temperature not specified in the publication | Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| 730 | - |
pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Staphylococcus leei |
| 1100 | - |
pH 8, temperature not specified in the publication | Selenomonas ruminantium |
| 1341 | - |
pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Aspergillus niger |
| 1573 | - |
pH 7.2, temperature not specified in the publication | Staphylococcus xylosus |
| 1700 | - |
pH 8.0, temperature not specified | Helicobacter pylori |
| 1750 | - |
pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Coccidioides immitis |
| 1979 | - |
pH 6, temperature not specified in the publication | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| 2000 | - |
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication | Proteus mirabilis |
| 2370 | - |
pH 4.2, temperature not specified in the publication | Arthrobacter mobilis |
| 2500 | - |
pH 7.75, temperature not specified in the publication | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 2500 | - |
pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 3120 | - |
pH 7.3, temperature not specified in the publication | Cajanus cajan |
| 3570 | - |
pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication | Corynebacterium ammoniagenes |
| 7100 | - |
pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Providencia stuartii |
| 180000 | - |
pH 6.9, temperature not specified in the publication | Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| urea + H2O | - |
Aspergillus nidulans | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Aspergillus niger | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Klebsiella aerogenes | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Proteus mirabilis | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Helicobacter pylori | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Staphylococcus sp. | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Limosilactobacillus fermentum | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Selenomonas ruminantium | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Ureaplasma urealyticum | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Canavalia ensiformis | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Providencia rettgeri | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Limosilactobacillus reuteri | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Sporosarcina pasteurii | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Streptococcus mitior | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Cajanus cajan | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Providencia stuartii | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Coccidioides immitis | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Pseudarthrobacter oxydans | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Otala lactea | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Staphylococcus xylosus | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Staphylococcus leei | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Brucella suis | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Pseudomonas | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Klebsiella | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Arthrobacter mobilis | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
| urea + H2O | - |
Nitellopsis obtusa | CO2 + NH3 | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dodecamer | ((alpha beta)3)4 dodecameric complex, method not specified | Helicobacter pylori |
| homodimer | method not specified | Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| homohexamer | 6 * 90770, without Ni ions, method not specified | Canavalia ensiformis |
| trimer | (alpha beta gamma)4 trimer, method not specified | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| trimer | (alpha beta gamma)5 trimer. Method not specified | Staphylococcus leei |
| trimer | 1 * 61000 + 1 * 11000 + 1 * 14000 composed of three distinct subunits (one large (61 kDa) and two small (11 kDa and 14 kDa)), commonly forming (alpha beta gamma)3 trimers | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| trimer | composed of three distinct subunits, one large (60 kDa) and two small (11 kDa), commonly forming (alpha beta gamma)3 trimers | Klebsiella aerogenes |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| urease | - |
Aspergillus nidulans |
| urease | - |
Aspergillus niger |
| urease | - |
Klebsiella aerogenes |
| urease | - |
Proteus mirabilis |
| urease | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| urease | - |
Helicobacter pylori |
| urease | - |
Staphylococcus sp. |
| urease | - |
Limosilactobacillus fermentum |
| urease | - |
Selenomonas ruminantium |
| urease | - |
Ureaplasma urealyticum |
| urease | - |
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes |
| urease | - |
Canavalia ensiformis |
| urease | - |
Providencia rettgeri |
| urease | - |
Limosilactobacillus reuteri |
| urease | - |
Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| urease | - |
Streptococcus mitior |
| urease | - |
Cajanus cajan |
| urease | - |
Providencia stuartii |
| urease | - |
Coccidioides immitis |
| urease | - |
Pseudarthrobacter oxydans |
| urease | - |
Otala lactea |
| urease | - |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| urease | - |
Staphylococcus xylosus |
| urease | - |
Staphylococcus leei |
| urease | - |
Brucella suis |
| urease | - |
Pseudomonas |
| urease | - |
Klebsiella |
| urease | - |
Arthrobacter mobilis |
| urease | - |
Nitellopsis obtusa |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 38 | - |
assay at | Canavalia ensiformis |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3500 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, 37°C | Klebsiella aerogenes | |
| 5913 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, 38°C | Canavalia ensiformis | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | - |
- |
Limosilactobacillus fermentum |
| 2 | - |
- |
Limosilactobacillus reuteri |
| 4.2 | - |
- |
Arthrobacter mobilis |
| 4.5 | - |
- |
Streptococcus mitior |
| 6 | - |
- |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| 7 | - |
- |
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes |
| 7 | - |
- |
Brucella suis |
| 7 | - |
assay at | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 7 | - |
assay at | Canavalia ensiformis |
| 7.2 | - |
- |
Staphylococcus xylosus |
| 7.3 | - |
- |
Cajanus cajan |
| 7.5 | - |
- |
Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 7.5 | - |
- |
Proteus mirabilis |
| 7.5 | - |
- |
Providencia rettgeri |
| 7.6 | - |
- |
Pseudarthrobacter oxydans |
| 7.75 | - |
- |
Klebsiella aerogenes |
| 8 | - |
- |
Aspergillus niger |
| 8 | - |
- |
Helicobacter pylori |
| 8 | - |
- |
Selenomonas ruminantium |
| 8 | - |
- |
Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| 8 | - |
- |
Coccidioides immitis |
| 8.2 | - |
- |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| 8.5 | - |
- |
Aspergillus nidulans |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.9 | 7.5 | optimal activity | Ureaplasma urealyticum |
| 8.4 | 9 | optimal activity | Otala lactea |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | - |
irreversibly inactivated below pH 5 | Helicobacter pylori |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| physiological function | the bacterium typically colonizes the mucosal lining of the stomach, where the increase in pH of the strongly acidic environment allows the bacterium that requires pH 6-8 to grow, to persist in the hostile conditions. Concomitantly it incurs damage to the host tissue, thereby giving rise to gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcers. The damaging factors are ammonia and monochloramine | Helicobacter pylori |
| physiological function | ureolytic bacterium responsible for the formation of urinary stones in human | Proteus mirabilis |
| physiological function | ureolytic bacterium responsible for the formation of urinary stones in human | Staphylococcus sp. |
| physiological function | ureolytic bacterium responsible for the formation of urinary stones in human | Ureaplasma urealyticum |
| physiological function | ureolytic bacterium responsible for the formation of urinary stones in human | Pseudomonas |
| physiological function | ureolytic bacterium responsible for the formation of urinary stones in human | Klebsiella |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1250 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, 37°C | Klebsiella aerogenes | |
| 2000 | - |
Urea | pH 7.0, 38°C | Canavalia ensiformis | |
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