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Literature summary for 3.3.2.9 extracted from

  • Newman, J.W.; Morisseau, C.; Hammock, B.D.
    Epoxide hydrolases: their roles and interactions with lipid metabolism (2005), Prog. Lipid Res., 44, 1-51.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
additional information insulin increases enzyme activity in hepatocyte cell culture Rattus norvegicus
Phospholipids the enzyme is tightly associated with phospholipids Homo sapiens

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
-
Rattus norvegicus
gene EPHX1 is located on chromosome 1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of liver enzyme in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, expression in Cos-1 cells, expression using the baculovirus system Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
E404D mutation of the catalytic triad residue leads to increased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme Homo sapiens
additional information polymorphisms associated with the onset of diseases Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information suppression of enzyme expression by glucocorticoid, interacting with the 5'-flanking sequence, and by dexamethasone, gadolinium chloride, acriflavine, lipopolysaccharide, gem-di-, trans-di-, tri- and tetra-substituted epoxides are either low turnover substrates or inhibitors Homo sapiens
additional information suppression of enzyme expression by dexamethasone, gadolinium chloride, acriflavine, lipopolysaccharide Rattus norvegicus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol in neoplastic livers Homo sapiens 5829
-
microsome
-
Mus musculus
-
-
microsome
-
Homo sapiens
-
-
microsome
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
-
additional information the enzyme shows strong hydrophobic interaction with the membrane, deletion of the N-terminal membrane anchor does not render the enzyme soluble Homo sapiens
-
-
plasma membrane in liver, the catalytic site facing the extracellular medium Homo sapiens 5886
-
smooth endoplasmic reticulum in liver, the catalytic site facing the cytosol Homo sapiens 5790
-

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
50000
-
x * 50000, about Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
additional information Homo sapiens key enzyme in the metabolism of environmental contaminants being responsible for xenobiotic transformations, regulation of the enzyme occurs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level, the enzyme is also involved in cytoprotection and steroid metabolism, as well as in cellular responses to glucose metabolism and in Na+-dependent bile acid transport, the enzyme is part of a multi-transport system at the cell surface ?
-
?
additional information Mus musculus key enzyme in the metabolism of environmental contaminants being responsible for xenobiotic transformations, regulation of the enzyme occurs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level. The enzyme is also involved in cytoprotection and steroid metabolism, as well as in cellular responses to glucose metabolism and in Na+-dependent bile acid transport. The enzyme is part of a multi-transport system at the cell surface ?
-
?
additional information Rattus norvegicus the enzyme activity in diabetic and in fasted rats is reduced by 60-71%, key enzyme in the metabolism of environmental contaminants being responsible for xenobiotic transformations, regulation of the enzyme occurs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level, the enzyme is also involved in cytoprotection and steroid metabolism, as well as in cellular responses to glucose metabolism and in Na+-dependent bile acid transport, the enzyme is part of a multi-transport system at the cell surface ?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
-
-
Mus musculus
-
-
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
adrenal gland
-
Homo sapiens
-
adrenal gland adrenalectomy elevates enzyme levels Rattus norvegicus
-
brain
-
Mus musculus
-
brain
-
Homo sapiens
-
brain
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
bronchus
-
Homo sapiens
-
cell culture numerous cancer cell lines and primary cells Homo sapiens
-
epithelium bronchial Homo sapiens
-
glial cell high enzyme content Mus musculus
-
glial cell high enzyme content Homo sapiens
-
glial cell high enzyme content Rattus norvegicus
-
heart
-
Mus musculus
-
heart
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
hepatocyte
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
hypothalamus
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
liver
-
Mus musculus
-
liver
-
Homo sapiens
-
liver the liver enzyme is controlled by the pituitary gland Rattus norvegicus
-
lung
-
Mus musculus
-
lung
-
Homo sapiens
-
lung
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
lymphocyte
-
Homo sapiens
-
lymphocyte intra-epithelial, cells show down-regulated enzyme expression Mus musculus
-
monocyte
-
Homo sapiens
-
additional information wide tissue distribution in mammalian tissue, enzyme levels vary with environmental exposure, sex, and age Mus musculus
-
additional information wide tissue distribution in mammalian tissue, enzyme levels vary with environmental exposure, sex, and age Homo sapiens
-
additional information wide tissue distribution in mammalian tissue, enzyme levels vary with environmental exposure, sex, and age, growth hormones are involved in sexually dimorphic liver enzyme expression Rattus norvegicus
-
neuron low enzyme content Mus musculus
-
neuron low enzyme content Homo sapiens
-
neuron low enzyme content Rattus norvegicus
-
ovary
-
Mus musculus
-
pituitary gland hypophysectomy induces the liver enzyme in females and males Rattus norvegicus
-
synovial tissue
-
Homo sapiens
-
testis
-
Mus musculus
-
testis
-
Rattus norvegicus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
epoxy-stearic acid + H2O highly enantiospecific reaction, low activity Homo sapiens ?
-
?
additional information key enzyme in the metabolism of environmental contaminants being responsible for xenobiotic transformations, regulation of the enzyme occurs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level, the enzyme is also involved in cytoprotection and steroid metabolism, as well as in cellular responses to glucose metabolism and in Na+-dependent bile acid transport, the enzyme is part of a multi-transport system at the cell surface Homo sapiens ?
-
?
additional information key enzyme in the metabolism of environmental contaminants being responsible for xenobiotic transformations, regulation of the enzyme occurs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level. The enzyme is also involved in cytoprotection and steroid metabolism, as well as in cellular responses to glucose metabolism and in Na+-dependent bile acid transport. The enzyme is part of a multi-transport system at the cell surface Mus musculus ?
-
?
additional information the enzyme activity in diabetic and in fasted rats is reduced by 60-71%, key enzyme in the metabolism of environmental contaminants being responsible for xenobiotic transformations, regulation of the enzyme occurs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational level, the enzyme is also involved in cytoprotection and steroid metabolism, as well as in cellular responses to glucose metabolism and in Na+-dependent bile acid transport, the enzyme is part of a multi-transport system at the cell surface Rattus norvegicus ?
-
?
additional information wide substrate specificity, epoxide-containing glycerol-phospholipids are poor substrates, the enzyme prefers mono- and cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxides as substrates, while gem-di-, trans-di-, tri- and tetra-substituted epoxides are either low turnover substrates or inhibitors, the enzyme has a tamaoxifen binding site Homo sapiens ?
-
?
additional information wide substrate specificity, the enzyme prefers mono- and cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxides as substrates, while gem-di-, trans-di-, tri- and tetra-substituted epoxides are either low turnover substrates or inhibitors Mus musculus ?
-
?
additional information wide substrate specificity, the enzyme prefers mono- and cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxides as substrates, while gem-di-, trans-di-, tri- and tetra-substituted epoxides are either low turnover substrates or inhibitors Rattus norvegicus ?
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
? x * 50000, about Homo sapiens
More the enzyme possesses an N-terminal strong hydrophobic transmembrane anchor Homo sapiens

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
EPHX1
-
Homo sapiens
mEH
-
Mus musculus
mEH
-
Homo sapiens
mEH
-
Rattus norvegicus