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Literature summary for 3.2.1.3 extracted from
- Novel thermoactive glucoamylases from the thermoacidophilic Archaea Thermoplasma acidophilum, Picrophilus torridus and Picrophilus oshimae (2002), Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 81, 73-83.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guanidine-HCl | 1 M, 1156% increase in activity | Thermoplasma acidophilum |  |
| Na2WO4 | slight stimulation | Thermoplasma acidophilum | |
| Pefabloc SC | 5 mM, 129% increase in activity | Thermoplasma acidophilum | |
| Triton X-100 | 0.1%, 162% increase in activity | Thermoplasma acidophilum | |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| sodium dodecylsulfate | 3 mM, complete inhibition | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| sodium dodecylsulfate | 3 mM, complete inhibition | Thermoplasma acidophilum | |
| sodiumdodecylsulfate | 3 mM, complete inhibition | Picrophilus torridus | |
| Urea | 5 M, complete inhibition | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| Urea | 5 M, complete inhibition | Picrophilus torridus | |
| Urea | 5 M, complete inhibition | Thermoplasma acidophilum | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| CaCl2 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| CaCl2 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| CuSO4 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| CuSO4 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| EDTA | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| FeSO4 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| FeSO4 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| MgCl2 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| MgCl2 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| Na2MoO4 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| Na2MoO4 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| NaCl | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| NaCl | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
| ZnCl2 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus torridus | |
| ZnCl2 | 5 mM, 10% increase in activity | Picrophilus oshimae | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85000 | - |
x * 140000 + x * 85000, SDS-PAGE | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 90000 | - |
x * 133000 + x * 90000, SDS-PAGE | Picrophilus torridus |
| 95000 | - |
x * 141000 + x * 95000, SDS-PAGE | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 133000 | - |
x * 133000 + x * 90000, SDS-PAGE | Picrophilus torridus |
| 140000 | - |
x * 140000 + x * 85000, SDS-PAGE | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 141000 | - |
x * 141000 + x * 95000, SDS-PAGE | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 glucose | Picrophilus torridus | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% glucose | glucooligosaccharide + 3 H2O | - |
r | |
| 4 glucose | Picrophilus oshimae | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% glucose | glucooligosaccharide + 3 H2O | - |
r | |
| amylopectin + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | 100% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylopectin + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 104% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylopectin + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | 104% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylose + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | 60% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylose + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 63% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylose + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | 74% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| dextrin + 6 H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 84% of activity with soluble starch from potato | 7 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| dextrin + 6 H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | 89% of activity with soluble starch from potato | 7 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| dextrin + 6 H2O | Picrophilus torridus | 91% of activity with soluble starch from potato | 7 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| glycogen + 3 H2O | Picrophilus torridus | 103% of activity with soluble starch from potato | 4 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| glycogen + 3 H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | 90% of activity with soluble starch from potato | 4 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| glycogen + 3 H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 96% of activity with soluble starch from potato | 4 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| isomaltose | Picrophilus torridus | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% isomaltose | isomaltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| isomaltose | Picrophilus oshimae | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% isomaltose | isomaltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| maltooligosaccharide + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | 49% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltooligosaccharide + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 54% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltooligosaccharide + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | 55% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | 17% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | 2% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 24% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | maize starch, 105% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | maize starch, 109% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | maize starch, 83% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | native starch from potato, 105% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | native starch from potato, 105% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | native starch from potato, 92% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | rice starch, 110% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | rice starch, 123% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | rice starch, 95% of activity with soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Thermoplasma acidophilum | soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus torridus | soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | Picrophilus oshimae | soluble starch from potato | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Picrophilus oshimae | - |
- |
- |
| Picrophilus torridus | - |
- |
- |
| Thermoplasma acidophilum | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| starch affinity chromatography, partially purified | Picrophilus oshimae |
| Superdex 200, Superose 12 | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| Superdex 200, Superose 12 | Picrophilus torridus |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 8 | - |
Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 3 | 8 | - |
Picrophilus torridus |
| 28.5 | - |
- |
Picrophilus oshimae |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 glucose | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% glucose | Thermoplasma acidophilum | glucooligosaccharide + 3 H2O | - |
r | |
| 4 glucose | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% glucose | Picrophilus torridus | glucooligosaccharide + 3 H2O | - |
r | |
| 4 glucose | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% glucose | Picrophilus oshimae | glucooligosaccharide + 3 H2O | - |
r | |
| amylopectin + H2O | 100% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylopectin + H2O | 104% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylopectin + H2O | 104% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylose + H2O | 60% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylose + H2O | 63% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| amylose + H2O | 74% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| dextrin + 6 H2O | 84% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 7 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| dextrin + 6 H2O | 89% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | 7 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| dextrin + 6 H2O | 91% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | 7 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| glycogen + 3 H2O | 103% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | 4 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| glycogen + 3 H2O | 90% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | 4 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| glycogen + 3 H2O | 96% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | 4 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| isomaltose | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% isomaltose | Thermoplasma acidophilum | isomaltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| isomaltose | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% isomaltose | Picrophilus torridus | isomaltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| isomaltose | reversion or condensation reactions are observed when glucoamylase is incubated with 10% isomaltose | Picrophilus oshimae | isomaltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| maltooligosaccharide + H2O | 49% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltooligosaccharide + H2O | 54% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltooligosaccharide + H2O | 55% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | 17% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | 2% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | 24% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | maize starch, 105% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | maize starch, 109% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | maize starch, 83% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | native starch from potato, 105% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | native starch from potato, 105% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | native starch from potato, 92% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | rice starch, 110% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | rice starch, 123% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | rice starch, 95% of activity with soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | soluble starch from potato | Thermoplasma acidophilum | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus torridus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
| starch + H2O | soluble starch from potato | Picrophilus oshimae | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 133000 + x * 90000, SDS-PAGE | Picrophilus torridus |
| ? | x * 140000 + x * 85000, SDS-PAGE | Picrophilus oshimae |
| ? | x * 141000 + x * 95000, SDS-PAGE | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 90 | - |
- |
Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 90 | - |
- |
Picrophilus torridus |
| 90 | - |
- |
Picrophilus oshimae |
Temperature Range [°C]
| Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | 100 | approx. 20% of maximal activity at 50°C and 100°C, respectively | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 50 | 100 | approx. 20% of maximal activity at 50°C and 100°C, respectively | Picrophilus torridus |
| 50 | 100 | approx. 20% of maximal activity at 50°C and 100°C, respectively | Picrophilus oshimae |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | - |
no loss of activity after 24 h, 90% loss of activity after 60 h | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 70 | - |
no loss of activity after 24 h, 90% loss of activity after 60 h | Picrophilus torridus |
| 70 | - |
no loss of activity after 24 h, 90% loss of activity after 60 h | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 80 | - |
25% loss of activity after 24 h | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 80 | - |
no loss of activity after 24 h, 90% loss of activity after 60 h | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 80 | - |
no loss of activity after 24 h, 90% loss of activity after 60 h | Picrophilus torridus |
| 90 | - |
no loss of activity after 12 h, 50% loss of activity after 24 h | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 90 | - |
no loss of activity after 12 h, 50% loss of activity after 24 h | Picrophilus torridus |
| 90 | - |
no loss of activity after 12 h, 50% loss of activity after 24 h | Picrophilus oshimae |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | - |
- |
Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 2 | - |
- |
Picrophilus torridus |
| 2 | - |
- |
Picrophilus oshimae |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | approx. 50% of maximal activity at pH 1.0, almost no activity at pH 5.0 | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 1 | 5 | approx. 60% of maximal activity at pH 1.0, almost no activity at pH 5.0 | Picrophilus torridus |
| 1 | 5 | approx. 70% of maximal activity at pH 1.0, almost no activity at pH 5.0 | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | - |
no loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 1.4 | - |
no loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Picrophilus torridus |
| 1.4 | - |
no loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 7 | - |
39% loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Picrophilus torridus |
| 7 | - |
64% loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 7 | - |
79% loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Picrophilus oshimae |
| 8 | - |
77% loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Picrophilus torridus |
| 8 | - |
complete loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Thermoplasma acidophilum |
| 8 | - |
complete loss of activity after 6 h at 70°C | Picrophilus oshimae |
pI Value
| Organism | Comment | pI Value Maximum | pI Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Picrophilus torridus | isoelectric focusing | - |
4.5 |
| Thermoplasma acidophilum | isoelectric focusing | - |
4.9 |
| Picrophilus oshimae | isoelectric focusing | - |
4.9 |
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