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Literature summary for 3.1.1.4 extracted from
- Roles of acidic phospholipids and nucleotides in regulating membrane binding and activity of a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform (2012), J. Biol. Chem., 287, 38824-38834.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADP | stimulation, presence promotes oligomerisation of enzyme | Caenorhabditis elegans |  |
| ATP | addition of ATP and ADP promote oligomerization of the isozyme, which probably underlies the stimulatory effect of nucleotides on its activity. ATP hydrolysis is not required to promote isozyme IPLA-1 lipase activity in vitro | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| ATP | stimulation, presence promotes oligomerisation of enzyme. The effect of ATP becomes saturated at a concentration of 1mM, ATP hydrolysis is not required | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| cardiolipin | highly activating | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| additional information | neither ADP or a non-hydrolyzable analogue of ATP, AMP-PNP stimulates isozyme IPLA-1 | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| additional information | the enzyme binds directly to multiple acidic phospholipids | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| phosphatidic acid | highly activating | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| phosphatidylglycerol | highly activating | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| phosphatidylserine | highly activating | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| Phospholipids | IPLA-1 binds directly to multiple acidic phospholipids, including phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, and phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol. Presence of phospholipids in mixed micelles stimualtes activiy compared to micelles consisting of palmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol derivatives | highly activating | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| isozyme IPLA-1, expression of GST-fusion enzyme in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta2 (DE3) | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| bromoenol lactone | strong inhibition | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| methyl arachidonyl-fluorophosphonate | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytoplasm | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | 5737 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | activity is independent of Ca2+ | Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| additional information | Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 isoform, no effect by Mg2+ on enzyme activity or stability | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
native isozyme IPLA-1 exhibits a Stokes radius of 6.2 nm similar to recombinant isozyme IPLA-1. Presence of ATP increases the experimental masses of the enzyme complexes to 430 and 250 kDa, which correspond to homopentameric and homotrimeric complexes, respectively | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 87000 | - |
and dimer, 4 * 87000, calculated. Tetrameric complexes semm to be less stable and to disasemble over time | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 87000 | - |
and tetramer, 2 * 87000, calculated | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 180000 | - |
sedimentation velocity centrifugation | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 190000 | - |
and 350000, gel filtration | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 350000 | - |
and 190000, gel filtration | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| phosphatidylcholine + H2O | Caenorhabditis elegans | - |
1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caenorhabditis elegans | - |
- |
- |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | - |
calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform, IPLA-1 | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| recombinant GST-tagged isozyme IPLA-1 from Escherichia coli strain Rosetta2 (DE3) by glutathione affinity chromatography and gel filtration | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.847 | - |
pH 7.5, 40°C | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 0.847 | - |
pH 7.5, 40°C, recombinant enzyme | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine + H2O | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine + palmitic acid | - |
? | |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine + H2O | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine + palmitate | - |
? | |
| phosphatidylcholine + H2O | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dimer | and tetramer, 2 * 87000, calculated | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| homotetramer | gel filtration, SDS-PAGE, and sequence calculation | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| More | presence of ATP increases the experimental masses of the enzyme complexes to 430 and 250 kDa, which correspond to homopentameric and homotrimeric complexes, respectively | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| tetramer | and dimer, 4 * 87000, calculated. Tetrameric complexes semm to be less stable and to disasemble over time | Caenorhabditis elegans |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| calcium-independent phospholipase A2 | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| group VIA phospholipase A2 | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| GVIA-iPLA2 | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| IPLA-1 | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| iPLA2 | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | - |
assay at | Caenorhabditis elegans |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Caenorhabditis elegans |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | the enzyme harbors a consensus motif common to members of the GVIA-iPLA2 subfamily, the group VIA phospholipase A2 (GVIA-iPLA2) subfamily of enzymes functions independently of calcium within the cytoplasm of cells. The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes multiple putative GVIAiPLA2 isoforms | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| additional information | isozyme IPLA-1 harbor numerous ankyrin repeats | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| physiological function | phospholipase A2 activity plays key roles in generating lipid second messengers and regulates membrane topology through the generation of asymmetric lysophospholipids. The Group VIA phospholipase A2 (GVIA-iPLA2) subfamily of enzymes is implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane transport steps. Role for acidic phospholipids in regulating GVIA-iPLA2 function. Membrane composition and the presence of nucleotides play key roles in recruiting and modulating the isozyme activity in cells | Caenorhabditis elegans |
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