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Literature summary for 2.7.7.41 extracted from
- Extraplastidial cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase activity is required for vegetative development in Arabidopsis thaliana (2013), Plant J., 75, 867-879.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triton X-100 | stimulation, highest activity at 2-5 mM Mg2+ and 0.5% Triton X-100 | Arabidopsis thaliana |  |
| Triton X-100 | stimulation, highest activity at 25 mM Mg2+ and 0.5% Triton X-100 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| Triton X-100 | highest activity at 0.5% | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| transient expression of GFP-tagged CDS1 in tobacco leaf epidermal cells | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transient expression of GFP-tagged CDS2 in tobacco leaf epidermal cells | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | generation of a T-DNA insertion (in the 5' untranslated region) mutant of CDS1, the cds1cds2 double mutant is seedling lethal, phenotypes, overview. The seedling-lethal phenotype of cds1cds2 double mutants can be rescued by inducing the expression of a functional CDS1 or CDS2 gene | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| additional information | generation of a T-DNA insertion (in the 5' untranslated region) mutant of CDS2, the cds1cds2 double mutant is seedling lethal, phenotypes, overview. The seedling-lethal phenotype of cds1cds2 double mutants can be rescued by inducing the expression of a functional CDS1 or CDS2 gene | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5783 | - |
| endoplasmic reticulum membrane | membrane-bound | Arabidopsis thaliana | 5789 | - |
| microsome | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
| additional information | the extraplastidial CDS proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana lack typical N-terminal targeting sequences | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required, highest activity at 2-5 mM Mg2+ and 0.5% Triton X-100 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| Mg2+ | required, highest activity at 25 mM Mg2+ and 0.5% Triton X-100 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| Mg2+ | required, highest activity at 2-5 mM | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| Mg2+ | required, highest activity at 25 mM | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTP + phosphatidate | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | O04928 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | O49639 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q1PE48 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | constitutive expression | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
| seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTP + 1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidic acid | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + CDP-dioleoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| CTP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid | best substrate | Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + CDP-dipalmitoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| CTP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidic acid | best substrate | Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + CDP-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol | - |
? | |
| CTP + phosphatidate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol | - |
? | |
| additional information | decreasing activity in the order 1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidic acid, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidic acid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the extraplastidial isoforms are most active with the 18:1/18:1 species of phosphatidates and their activities decreases in the order of 16:0/18:1 phosphatidate to 16:0/16:0 phosphatidate | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| CDS | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CDS1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CDS2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CDS3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 8 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | isoforms of CDS are located in plastids, mitochondria and the endomembrane system of plants and are encoded by five genes in Arabidopsis. Two genes have previously been shown to code for the plastidial isoforms which are indispensable for the biosynthesis of plastidial phosphatidylglycerol, and thus biogenesis and function of thylakoid membranes. the extraplastidial CDS isoforms, encoded by CDS1 and CDS2 which are constitutively expressed contrary to CDS3. These closely related CDS genes code for membrane proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum and possess very similar enzymatic properties | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| malfunction | the seedling lethal phenotype of the cds1cds2 double mutant shows that plant cells require at least one catalytically active microsomal CDS isoform for cell division and expansion. According to the altered glycerolipid composition of the double mutant in comparison with wild-type seedlings, it is likely that the drastic decrease in the level of phosphatidylinositol and the increase in phosphatidic acid cause defects in cell division and expansion. The cds1cds2 double mutant is seedling lethal, phenotypes, overview. The seedling-lethal phenotype of cds1cds2 double mutants can be rescued by inducing the expression of a functional CDS1 or CDS2 gene | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | Arabidopsis mutants lacking either one or both CDS1 and CDS2 genes clearly show that these two genes have redundant functions. As reflected in the seedling lethal phenotype of the cds1cds2 double mutant, plant cells require at least one catalytically active microsomal CDS isoform for cell division and expansion | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) catalyzes the activation of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol, a central intermediate in glycerolipid biosynthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. CDP-diacylglycerol is the precursor to phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin of eukaryotic phospholipids that are essential for various cellular functions | Arabidopsis thaliana |
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