Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
enzyme in complex with Mn2+, UDP-GalNAc, glucose, and alpha-lactalbumin, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.0 A resolution | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
M344H | mutant prefers Mg2+ instead of Mn2+ which is preferred by the wild-type enzyme, with Mn2+ the mutant is arrested in the closed inactive conformation | Bos taurus |
Y289I | mutant shows high activity with UDP-GalNAc in contrary to the wild-type enzyme | Bos taurus |
Y289L | mutant shows high activity with UDP-GalNAc in contrary to the wild-type enzyme | Bos taurus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
Golgi apparatus | - |
Homo sapiens | 5794 | - |
Golgi apparatus | - |
Bos taurus | 5794 | - |
membrane | type II membrane-bound protein | Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
membrane | type II membrane-bound protein | Bos taurus | 16020 | - |
additional information | enzyme possesses a membrane-spanning domain, a cytoplasmic domain, a stem region, and the catalytic domain that faces the lumen | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
additional information | enzyme possesses a membrane-spanning domain, a cytoplasmic domain, a stem region, and the catalytic domain that faces the lumen | Bos taurus | - |
- |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mn2+ | required, binding site structure involving Met344 and Asp254, mechanism overview, binding results in conformational changes in the catalytic domain | Bos taurus | |
Mn2+ | required, binding site structure, binding results in conformational changes in the catalytic domain | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | Homo sapiens | - |
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | - |
? | |
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | Bos taurus | - |
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Bos taurus | - |
- |
- |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
---|---|---|---|
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | sequential ordered catalytic mechanism, enzyme undergoes critical conformational changes upon substrate binding from an open, conf-I, to a closed conformation, conf-II, involving 2 flexible loops, a small and a long one, catalytic site structure, Tyr286 determines the specificity for UDP-Gal | Homo sapiens | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | sequential ordered catalytic mechanism, enzyme undergoes critical conformational changes upon substrate binding from an open, conf-I, to a closed conformation, conf-II, involving 2 flexible loops, a small and a long one, with Trp314 of the small loop being critical for the change interacting with both substrates, catalytic site structure, Tyr289 determines the specificity for UDP-Gal, the conformational changes create the oligosaccharide-acceptor substrate binding site | Bos taurus |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
mammary gland | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
mammary gland | lactating | Bos taurus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | enzyme interacts with alpha-lactalbumin to form the lactose synthase enzyme complex, structural basis for catalytic mechanism, overview | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | UDP-glucose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine are poor substrates, the latter due to Tyr286 which is a sterical hindrance and traps hydrolyzed GalNAc in the oxocarbenium-ion-like state, enzyme interacts with alpha-lactalbumin to form the lactose synthase enzyme complex | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | - |
Homo sapiens | UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | - |
? | |
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | - |
Bos taurus | UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | - |
? | |
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | enzyme is highly specific for UDP-galactose as donor substrate | Homo sapiens | UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | - |
? | |
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | enzyme is highly specific for UDP-galactose as donor substrate, 100fold less active with UDP-glucose | Bos taurus | UDP + N-acetyllactosamine | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 | - |
Bos taurus |
beta4Gal-T1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
beta4Gal-T1 | - |
Bos taurus |