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Literature summary for 2.4.1.174 extracted from
- Expression of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosyltransferases during early zebrafish development (2013), Dev. Dyn., 242, 964-975.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene csgalnact1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Danio rerio |
| gene csgalnact2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis | Danio rerio |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + beta-D-glucuronyl-(1->3)-D-galactosyl-proteoglycan | Danio rerio | - |
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan | - |
? |  |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danio rerio | A8E7C8 | gene csgalnact2 | - |
| Danio rerio | E7F6G2 | gene csgalnact1 | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| cartilage | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| embryo | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| fin | pectoral | Danio rerio | - |
| fin | pectoral and median | Danio rerio | - |
| head | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| larva | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| additional information | gene csgalnact1 expression analysis during fish development, in situ immunohistochemic analysis, overview. Gene csgalnact1 mRNA is not maternally deposited, instead a rather weak and ubiquitous expression is seen during early somitogenesis. At 24 hr post fertilization, gene csgalnact1 expression is mostly restricted to the notochord and to the otic capsule, but weak staining is also seen in the intermediate cell mass, a hematopoietic region at this stage. At later stages, csgalnact1 expression becomes restricted mainly to cartilage structures, and the regions of the pharyngeal arches, the otic capsule, the pectoral fins, the notochord, and the median fin fold. At 72 hr post fertilization, weak staining in brain tissue and the spinal cord appears, while strong staining is detected in cartilage structures and the brain ventricular zone | Danio rerio | - |
| additional information | gene csgalnact2 expression analysis during fish development, in situ immunohistochemic analysis, overview. The csgalnact2 probe strongly stains embryos already at the 2-cell stage indicating maternally deposited mRNA. Notochord staining is visible already from the 5-somite stage and expression is apparent at the 15-somite stage in the tail bud and in the notochord, whereas the expression at 24 hr post fertilization is restricted to the brain tissue and the posterior region of the somites and the notochord. Expression is further detected in brain tissue at 36 and 48 hr post fertilization when staining appeared also in the pectoral fins, the notochord, the otic capsule, and cartilage structures. By 72 hr post fertilization, expression is restricted to the head, the spinal cord, and the pronephric ducts | Danio rerio | - |
| notochord | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| otic capsule | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| pharyngeal arch cartilage | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| pronephric duct | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| somite | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| spinal cord | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| tail bud | - |
Danio rerio | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + beta-D-glucuronyl-(1->3)-D-galactosyl-proteoglycan | - |
Danio rerio | UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| CSGalNAcT1 | - |
Danio rerio |
| CSGALNACT2 | - |
Danio rerio |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | the CSGALNACT1 and CSGALNACT2 isozymes enzymes both have a GT7 catalytic domain with beta(1->4)-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase | Danio rerio |
| metabolism | the enzyme belongs to the zebrafish CS/DS glycosyltransferases are spatially and temporally expressed. Ooverlapping expression of multiple glycosyltransferases coincides with high CS/DS deposition. Efficient CS/DS biosynthesis requires a combination of several glycosyltransferases | Danio rerio |
| metabolism | the enzyme belongs to the zebrafish CS/DS glycosyltransferases are spatially and temporally expressed. Overlapping expression of multiple glycosyltransferases coincides with high CS/DS deposition. Efficient CS/DS biosynthesis requires a combination of several glycosyltransferases | Danio rerio |
| physiological function | the enzyme is involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans present in the extracellular matrix have important structural and regulatory functions. CS/DS is a ubiquitous component of multicellular organisms with mechanical functions in cartilage, but also is required for fundamental processes such as cell division and cytokinesis. The CSGALNACT1 and CSGALNACT2 isozymes initiate CS/DS formation by the addition of a GalNAc residue to a proteoglycan tetrasaccharide linkage region attached to a core protein, but may also participate in the later steps of CS/DS polymerization | Danio rerio |
| physiological function | the enzyme is involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans present in the extracellular matrix have important structural and regulatory functions. The CSGALNACT1 and CSGALNACT2 isozymes initiate CS/DS formation by the addition of a GalNAc residue to a proteoglycan tetrasaccharide linkage region attached to a core protein, but may also participate in the later steps of CS/DS polymerization | Danio rerio |
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