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Literature summary for 2.3.1.22 extracted from
- Beyond triglyceride synthesis: The dynamic functional roles of MGAT and DGAT enzymes in energy metabolism (2009), Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 297, E10-8.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | selective inhibition may provide a novel treatment for obesity and its related metabolic complications, defective triacylglycerol synthesis and storage can lead to severe insulin resistance, excess triacylglycerol accumulation leads to obesity, ectopic storage in nonadipose tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance | Mammalia |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | MGAT2 knockout mice exhibit a reduction of metabolic efficiency and increased thermogenic energy expenditure when fed a high-fat diet, they are protected from developing obesity, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and glucose intolerance despite chronic high-fat feeding | Mammalia |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Mammalia | 5783 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| monoacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA | Mammalia | monoacylglycerol pathway predominates in enterocytes after feeding, when large amounts of 2-monoacylglycerols and fatty acids are released from the digestion of dietary lipids | diacylglycerol + CoA | - |
? |  |
| monoacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA | Mammalia | monoacylglycerol pathway predominates in enterocytes after feeding, when large amounts of 2-monoacylglycerols and fatty acids are released from the digestion of dietary lipids, also active in adipose tissue | diacylglycerol + CoA | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mammalia | - |
- |
- |
| Mammalia | - |
higher mammals, humans, not in rodents | - |
| no activity in Rodentia | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipose tissue | - |
Mammalia | - |
| adipose tissue | MGAT1 | Mammalia | - |
| enterocyte | uptake of monoacylglycerol and fatty acids, resynthesized into triacylglycerols, packaged into chylomicrons, and secreted into circulation | Mammalia | - |
| kidney | - |
Mammalia | - |
| kidney | MGAT1 | Mammalia | - |
| small intestine | highest expression in midgut | Mammalia | - |
| small intestine | MGAT2, MGAT3 | Mammalia | - |
| stomach | MGAT1 | Mammalia | - |
| stomach | most prominent expression | Mammalia | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| monoacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA | monoacylglycerol pathway predominates in enterocytes after feeding, when large amounts of 2-monoacylglycerols and fatty acids are released from the digestion of dietary lipids | Mammalia | diacylglycerol + CoA | - |
? | |
| monoacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA | monoacylglycerol pathway predominates in enterocytes after feeding, when large amounts of 2-monoacylglycerols and fatty acids are released from the digestion of dietary lipids, also active in adipose tissue | Mammalia | diacylglycerol + CoA | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| MGAT | - |
Mammalia |
| MGAT1 | - |
Mammalia |
| Mgat2 | activity is mirroring dietary fat absorption | Mammalia |
| MGAT3 | small intestine, only in higher mammals and humans, not in rodents, more homology with DGAT2 than with other MGAT isoforms | Mammalia |
| monoacylglycerol acyltransferase | - |
Mammalia |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Mammalia | diabetes, obesity, and lactation induce liver monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in rodents that is correlated with increased fat absorption | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | mice with targeted inactivation of the MGAT2 gene exhibit a delay in dietary fat absorption, however, in contrast to knockout mice that absorb normal quantities of fat | Mammalia |
| metabolism | monoacylglycerol pathway followed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity to produce triacylglycerol | Mammalia |
| metabolism | monoacylglycerol pathway is followed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity to produce triacylglycerol | Mammalia |
| physiological function | besides being the substrates for monoacylglycerol acyltransferase, monoacylglycerols, especially 2-acylglycerol, function as endogenous ligand for endocannaboid receptors, thus stimulating appetite | Mammalia |
| physiological function | involved in functions such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, signal transduction, satiety, lactation, for example by the modulation of intracellular levels of monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols | Mammalia |
| physiological function | involved in functions such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, signal transduction, satiety, lactation, for example by the modulation of intracellular levels of monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, 2-acylglycerol functions as endogenous ligand for endocannaboid receptors, stimulating appetite | Mammalia |
| physiological function | involved in functions such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, signal transduction, satiety, lactation, for example by the modulation of intracellular levels of monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, 2-acylglycerol functions as endogenous ligand for endocannaboid receptors, stimulating apppetite | Mammalia |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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