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Literature summary for 1.4.9.1 extracted from

  • Nakai, T.; Deguchi, T.; Frebort, I.; Tanizawa, K.; Okajima, T.
    Identification of genes essential for the biogenesis of quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase (2014), Biochemistry, 53, 895-907 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
genes qhpA, qhpB, and qhpC encoding the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of QHNDH, respectively. The structural genes encoding the three QHNDH subunits constitute an operon harboring six apparent open reading frames (ORFs) that are transcribed in a coordinated manner upon addition of amines to the culture medium. qhpADCBEF genes constitute a hexacistronic operon. DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, and reverse transcription PCR expression analysis. Regulation of qhp genes, overview Paracoccus denitrificans

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information generation of of the gene disrupted mutant strains PdDELTAqhpF, PdDELTAqhpG, and PdDELTAqhpR Paracoccus denitrificans

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
periplasm
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Paracoccus denitrificans
-
-

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Paracoccus denitrificans P22619 AND P29894 alpha and beta subunits encoded by genes mauA and mauB
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Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
additional information structural features of the gamma subunit clearly indicate that it must undergo multiple posttranslational modifications before it can form an active QHNDH complex with the alpha and beta subunits. The qhpG gene encodes a putative FAD-dependent monooxygenase, which is required for the generation of the quinone cofactor in the gamma subunit Paracoccus denitrificans

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
heterotrimer 1 * 60000, alpha-subunit, + 1 * 37000, beta-subunit, + 1 * 9000, gamma-subunit, SDS-PAGE Paracoccus denitrificans
More QHNDH is composed of three nonidentical subunits, designated alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha subunit, the largest, has a four-domain structure with two heme c groups contained in the N-terminal diheme cytochrome c-like domain. The beta subunit has a seven-bladed beta propeller structure that is well-conserved across quinoproteins. The gamma subunit, the smallest of the three, is buried inside the alpha subunit. It has a particularly unusual structure consisting mostly of featureless coils with a covalently bound quinone cofactor, cysteine tryptophylquinone (CTQ), derived from Trp and Cys residues, and three intrapeptidyl thioether cross-links formed between Cys and Glu or Asp residues. The gamma subunit clearly indicate that it must undergo multiple posttranslational modifications before it can form an active QHNDH complex with the alpha and beta subunits Paracoccus denitrificans

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
QHNDH
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Paracoccus denitrificans
quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase
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Paracoccus denitrificans

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
tryptophan tryptophylquinone TTQ, the quinone cofactor of the enzyme. QhpG is involved in the quinone cofactor formation Paracoccus denitrificans

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Paracoccus denitrificans an AraC family transcriptional regulator, ancoded by gene qhpR, activates expression of the qhp operon in response to the addition of n-butylamine to the culture medium up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution the qhp genes are very widely distributed, not only in many Gram-negative species but also in a few Gram-positive bacteria, bacterial distribution of qhp and associated genes, overview. The subunits constituting QHNDH are encoded by ORF1 (alpha subunit), ORF4 (beta subunit), and ORF3 (gamma subunit). Of the other genes in the operon, ORF2 encodes an [Fe-S] cluster and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-binding protein, a member of the radical SAM superfamily, and ORF5 encodes a protein of approximately 22.5 kDa belonging to subfamily S8A of peptidase family S8 (the subtilisin family) with the conserved Asp/His/Ser catalytic triad characteristic of this subfamily Paracoccus denitrificans
additional information structural features of the gamma subunit clearly indicate that it must undergo multiple posttranslational modifications before it can form an active QHNDH complex with the alpha and beta subunits. The qhpG gene encodes a putative FAD-dependent monooxygenase, which is required for the generation of the quinone cofactor in the gamma subunit. The qhpR gene encodes an AraC family transcriptional regulator, which activates expression of the qhp operon in response to the addition of n-butylamine to the culture medium. The structural genes encoding the three QHNDH subunits constitute an operon harboring six apparent open reading frames (ORFs) that are transcribed in a coordinated manner upon addition of amines to the culture medium. QhpF serves as an efflux ABC transporter for translocation of the gamma subunit of QHNDH into the periplasm Paracoccus denitrificans