Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | FRD activity increases significantly when cancer cells are cultured under hypoxic and glucose-deprived conditions | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
mitochondrion | - |
Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
succinate + NAD+ | Homo sapiens | - |
fumarate + NADH + H+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
phosphoprotein | phosphorylation of the flavoprotein subunit is required for enzyme activity. Treatment with phosphatase causes the dephosphorylation of flavoprotein subunit, with a concomitant increase in succinate-ubiquinone reductase activity, whereas FRD activity decreases | Homo sapiens |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
native enzyme from cancer cell mitochondria | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
CAPAN-1 cell | pancreatic cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
DLD-1 cell | colorectal cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
fibroblast | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Hep-G2 cell | hepatocellular carcinoma cells | Homo sapiens | - |
HT-29 cell | colorectal cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
additional information | cancer cells have higher FRD activity levels than the normal fibroblast cells | Homo sapiens | - |
PANC-1 cell | pancreatic cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
PSN-1 cell | pancreatic cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
FRD activity in mitochondria from DLD-1 cells under tumor-mimicking microenvironmental conditions | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | FRD activity is measured as the change in absorbance produced by the oxidation of reduced methyl viologen | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
succinate + NAD+ | - |
Homo sapiens | fumarate + NADH + H+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
FRD | - |
Homo sapiens |
fumarate reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.5 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
FAD | flavoprotein subunit required for FRD activity, the subunit is phosphorylated for enzyme activity | Homo sapiens | |
NAD+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADH | - |
Homo sapiens |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
physiological function | complex II catalyzes the reduction of fumarate, which is the reverse of the reaction catalyzed by succinate-ubiquinone reductase, SQR, as the final step enzyme in the NADH-fumarate reductase system | Homo sapiens |