Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | phosphorylation at Ser40 activates the enzyme, inhibition of alpha-synuclein, inhibiting enzyme phosphorylation, increases the enzyme activity | Mus musculus |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | silencing alpha-synuclein gene expression by short hairpin RNA expression does not affect tyrosine hydroxylase expression but enhance tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells by increasing TH Ser40 phosphorylation, overview | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | alpha-synuclein inhibits phosphorylation of the enzyme at Ser40 and enzyme activity, thereby regulating the dopamine level | Mus musculus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | Mus musculus | rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? | |
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | Mus musculus C57/BL6J | rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Mus musculus | - |
C57BL/6J mice | - |
Mus musculus C57/BL6J | - |
C57BL/6J mice | - |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
phosphoprotein | phosphorylation at Ser40 activates the enzyme | Mus musculus |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
MN9D cell | a dopaminergic cell line, generated by fusion of rostral mesencephalic neurons from embryonic C57BL/6J mice with N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells | Mus musculus | - |
N18TG2 cell | neuroblastoma cells | Mus musculus | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity in wild-type MN9D cells, in alpha-synuclein-deficient MN9D cells, and in MN9D cells transfected with alpha-synuclein, overview | Mus musculus |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | - |
Mus musculus | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? | |
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease | Mus musculus | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? | |
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | - |
Mus musculus C57/BL6J | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? | |
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease | Mus musculus C57/BL6J | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
tyrosine hydroxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
tetrahydrobiopterin | - |
Mus musculus |