Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | phosphorylation of Ser40 abolishes the binding of dopamine to a high affinity site on the enzyme, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme, the low-affinity dopamine-binding site is able to regulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity in both the non-phosphorylated and pSer40 forms of the enzyme, with dissociation of dopamine from the site increasing activity 12fold and 9fold respectively | Rattus norvegicus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
adrenaline | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
dopamine | binding kinetics and regulatory function, overview, phosphorylation of Ser40 abolishes the binding of dopamine to a high affinity site on the enzyme, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme. Binding of dopamine to the high-affinity site also decreases Vmax and increases the Km for the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, while binding of dopamine to the low affinity site regulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity by increasing the Km for tetrahydrobiopterin | Rattus norvegicus | |
noradrenaline | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | kinetics analysis, overview | Rattus norvegicus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5829 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | Rattus norvegicus | the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, is regulated acutely by feedback inhibition by the catecholamines and relief of this inhibition by phosphorylation of residue Ser40. Phosphorylation of Ser40 abolishes the binding of dopamine to a high affinity site on the enzyme, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme, regulation mechanism overview | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
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Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
phosphoprotein | phosphorylation of Ser40 activtes the enzyme by reversing the inhibition by dopamine binding | Rattus norvegicus |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? | |
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, is regulated acutely by feedback inhibition by the catecholamines and relief of this inhibition by phosphorylation of residue Ser40. Phosphorylation of Ser40 abolishes the binding of dopamine to a high affinity site on the enzyme, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme, regulation mechanism overview | Rattus norvegicus | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
tyrosine hydroxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
25 | 30 | assay at | Rattus norvegicus |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.4 | - |
assay at | Rattus norvegicus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
tetrahydrobiopterin | binding of dopamine to the high-affinity site of the enzyme decreases Vmax and increases the Km for the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, while binding of dopamine to the low affinity site regulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity by increasing the Km for tetrahydrobiopterin | Rattus norvegicus |
Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | inhibition kinetics | Rattus norvegicus |