Any feedback?
Literature summary for 1.13.11.52 extracted from
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) and the kynurenine pathway: characteristics and potential roles in health and disease (2013), Amino Acids, 45, 1319-1329.
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-methyl-D-tryptophan | selective inhibition of IDO2, 1DMT is not efficacious in a tumor model on an IDO1-/- background | Homo sapiens |  |
| 1-methyl-D-tryptophan | - |
Mus musculus | |
| 1-methyl-L-tryptophan | better inhibitor of IDO2 enzymatic activity than 1DMT in both cell-free and cellular assays | Homo sapiens | |
| 1-methyl-L-tryptophan | better inhibitor of IDO2 enzymatic activity than 1DMT in both cell-free and cellular assays | Mus musculus | |
| 4-phenylimidazole | an IDO1 inhibitor | Mus musculus | |
| L-tryptophan | substrate inhibition of IDO1, not of IDO2 | Mus musculus | |
| tenatoprazole | highly selective for IDO2 inhibition, no inhibition of IDO1 or tryptophan dioxygenase | Mus musculus | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.028 | - |
L-tryptophan | IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, MB assay | Mus musculus | |
| 0.029 | - |
L-tryptophan | IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, cytochrome b5 assay | Mus musculus | |
| 0.53 | - |
L-tryptophan | IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, cytochrome b5 assay | Mus musculus | |
| 12 | - |
L-tryptophan | IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication, MB assay | Mus musculus | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe2+ | heme-containing enzyme | Mus musculus | |
| Fe2+ | heme-containing enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45000 | - |
x * 45000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
| 47000 | - |
x * 47000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-tryptophan + O2 | Mus musculus | IDO1 | N-formyl-D-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| D-tryptophan + O2 | Homo sapiens | IDO1 | N-formyl-D-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| L-tryptophan + O2 | Mus musculus | IDO1 and IDO2 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| L-tryptophan + O2 | Homo sapiens | IDO1 and IDO2 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | IDO2 | Mus musculus | - |
| brain | IDO2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| epididymis | IDO1 is constitutively expressed in the epididymis | Mus musculus | - |
| kidney | IDO2 | Mus musculus | - |
| kidney | IDO2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | IDO2 | Mus musculus | - |
| liver | IDO2 | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor. Expression of IDO2 protein in the liver and kidney in these IDO1-/- mice is unaffected, although the IDO2 transcript is downregulated. It is possible that the deletion of the IDO1 gene affects the expression of the IDO2 protein in other cell types, and 1DMT's effects might be mediated through either or both IDO isoforms | Mus musculus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-tryptophan + O2 | IDO1 | Mus musculus | N-formyl-D-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| D-tryptophan + O2 | IDO1 | Homo sapiens | N-formyl-D-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| L-tryptophan + O2 | IDO1 and IDO2 | Mus musculus | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| L-tryptophan + O2 | IDO1 and IDO2 | Homo sapiens | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| monomer | x * 45000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
| monomer | x * 47000, about, IDO2, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| IDO1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| IDO1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| IDO2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| IDO2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein | - |
Mus musculus |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 48 | - |
complete denaturation of IDO2, partially of IDO1 | Mus musculus |
| 60 | - |
complete denaturation of IDO1 | Mus musculus |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 6.5 | IDO1 | Mus musculus |
| 7.4 | 7.5 | IDO2 | Mus musculus |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| heme | - |
Mus musculus | |
| heme | - |
Homo sapiens | |
Ki Value [mM]
| Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0018 | - |
tenatoprazole | IDO2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Mus musculus | |
| 1.6 | - |
L-tryptophan | inhibition of IDO1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Mus musculus | |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | IDO1 expression is upregulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, e.g. in HELA cells, IDO2 mRNA expression is upregulated in response to IFN-gamma in some cancer cell lines as well and human mesenchymal stem cells | up |
| Mus musculus | IDO1 expression is upregulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IDO2 is upregulated in mouse dendritic cell lines as well as mouse mesenchymal stem cells. IDO2 mRNA is also upregulated in the brain of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii, an infection in which IFN-gamma-driven responses play an important role in controlling parasite growth | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | IDO1 pharmacological inhibition causes the rejection of mouse allogeneic concepti, mediated by T cells, and its expression in tumors is associated with their immune evasion. Deletion of IDO1 genomic sequences has the potential to also impact on IDO2 expression due to the chromosomal proximity of the genes, transcription of the IDO2 gene is reduced in the liver of IDO1-/- mice, although protein levels appear to be maintained | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | three enzymes are now known to catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase subsequently and a third enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2. The kynurenine pathway is a major route for NAD+ synthesis. The pathway is implicated in many disorders and/or their complications, including cerebral malaria, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | three enzymes are now known to catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase subsequently and a third enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2. The kynurenine pathway is a major route for NAD+ synthesis. The pathway is implicated in many disorders and/or their complications, including cerebral malaria, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases | Homo sapiens |
| additional information | transcription of the IDO2 gene is complex. IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor | Mus musculus |
| additional information | transcription of the IDO2 gene is complex. IDO1 expression is found in most tissues and is regulated by immunological signals, including interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | in mammals, IDO1 acts as a defence molecule in combating bacterial and viral infections, as its expression is up-regulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, leading to local depletion of L-Trp and causing inhibition of pathogen growth | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | in mammals, IDO1 acts as a defence molecule in combating bacterial and viral infections, as its expression is up-regulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma, leading to local depletion of L-Trp and causing inhibition of pathogen growth. IDO2 mRNA is also upregulated in the brain of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii, an infection in which IFN-gamma driven responses play an important role in controlling parasite growth | Mus musculus |
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
