Literature summary for 1.1.1.39 extracted from

Ren, J.G.; Seth, P.; Everett, P.; Clish, C.B.; Sukhatme, V.P.
Induction of erythroid differentiation in human erythroleukemia cells by depletion of malic enzyme 2 (2010), PLoS ONE, 5, e12520.

Search for more literature for 1.1.1.39

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
medicine	ME2 as a potentially novel metabolic target for leukemia therapy	Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	stable knockdown of ME2 in K-562 tumor cells using three independent shRNA hairpins targeting ME2, effects on K562 cell proliferation, knockout of ME2 induces erythroid differentiation, phenotype, detailed overview	Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
mitochondrion	ME2	Homo sapiens	5739	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
(S)-malate + NAD+	Homo sapiens	-	pyruvate + NADH + CO2	-	ir

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Homo sapiens	-	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
K-562 cell	erythroleukemia cells	Homo sapiens	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
(S)-malate + NAD+	-	Homo sapiens	pyruvate + NADH + CO2	-	ir

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
malic enzyme 2	-	Homo sapiens
ME2	-	Homo sapiens

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NAD+	-	Homo sapiens

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
additional information	higher expression of ME2 correlates with the degree of cell de-differentiation. Knockdown of ME2 leads to induction of erythroid differentiation, and diminished proliferation of tumor cells and increased apoptosis in vitro. ME2 knockdown also totally abolishes growth of K562 cells in nude mice. Depletion of endogenous ME2 levels enhances reactive oxygen species, increases NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratio and inhibits ATP production in K562 cells. ME2 depletion resulted in high orotate levels, suggesting potential impairment of pyrimidine metabolism	Homo sapiens

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)