Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
H2O2 | the enzyme is activated by 0.1 mM H2O2 | Euglena gracilis | |
additional information | not influenced by EDTA, BCS, dithiothreiol, , and p-chloromercuribenzoate, L-GalL, and AsA | Euglena gracilis |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
N-ethylmaleimide | 84% residual activity at 1 mM | Euglena gracilis |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0625 | - |
NADPH | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
3.79 | - |
D-galacturonate | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
4.67 | - |
D-glucuronate | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
8.48 | - |
D-xylose | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Cu2+ | 135.3% activity at 5 mM | Euglena gracilis | |
additional information | not influenced by Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ | Euglena gracilis |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
38000 | - |
1 * 38000, SDS-PAGE | Euglena gracilis |
39000 | - |
gel filtration | Euglena gracilis |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ | Euglena gracilis | - |
L-galactonate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ | Euglena gracilis Z | - |
L-galactonate + NADP+ | - |
ir |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Euglena gracilis | - |
- |
- |
Euglena gracilis Z | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
CM-Sepharose column chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, butyl Toyopearl column chromatography, and HiTrap Blue column chromatography | Euglena gracilis |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
0.00422 | - |
crude extract, at pH 7.2 and at 25°C | Euglena gracilis |
0.671 | - |
after 159fold purification, at pH 7.2 and at 25°C | Euglena gracilis |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ | 14.9% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
ir | |
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ | 14.9% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis Z | ? | - |
ir | |
D-galacturonate + NADH + H+ | 17.7% activity compared to NADPH | Euglena gracilis | L-galactonate + NAD+ | - |
ir | |
D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Euglena gracilis | L-galactonate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ | 100% activity | Euglena gracilis | L-galactonate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Euglena gracilis Z | L-galactonate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | 14.6% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
ir | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | 14.6% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis Z | ? | - |
ir | |
D-glucuronate + NADPH + H+ | 82.4% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
? | |
D-glucuronate + NADPH + H+ | 82.4% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis Z | ? | - |
? | |
D-xylose + NADPH + H+ | 29.9% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
? | |
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | 14.2% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
ir | |
L-arabinose + NADPH + H+ | 14.2% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
ir | |
L-galactose + NADPH + H+ | 18.8% activity compared to D-glucuronate | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
ir | |
additional information | the enzyme does not catalyze the reverse reaction with L-galactonate and NADP+ and does not utilize 4-nitrobenzaldehyde or menadione | Euglena gracilis | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the enzyme does not catalyze the reverse reaction with L-galactonate and NADP+ and does not utilize 4-nitrobenzaldehyde or menadione | Euglena gracilis Z | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
monomer | 1 * 38000, SDS-PAGE | Euglena gracilis |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
D-galacturonic acid reductase | - |
Euglena gracilis |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.06 | - |
D-xylose | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
0.19 | - |
D-glucuronate | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
0.19 | - |
D-galacturonate | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.2 | - |
- |
Euglena gracilis |
pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.5 | 9 | about 75, 65 and 18.5% of maximum activity at pH 6.5, 8.0 and 9.0, respectively | Euglena gracilis |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | the enzyme prefers NADPH over NADH (ratio of 10 to 1.8) | Euglena gracilis |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Euglena gracilis | the enzyme is not regulated by L-galactono-1,4-lactone and ascorbate | additional information |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | D-galacturonic acid reductase is a key enzyme of the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway | Euglena gracilis |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.00697 | - |
D-xylose | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
0.04135 | - |
D-glucuronate | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis | |
0.05095 | - |
D-galacturonate | in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C | Euglena gracilis |