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Literature summary for 1.1.1.21 extracted from

  • Chang, K.C.; Shieh, B.; Petrash, J.M.
    Aldose reductase mediates retinal microglia activation (2016), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 473, 565-571.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 1.1.1.21

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in retina Mus musculus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information recombinant enzyme overexpression elevates RMG activation in retina Mus musculus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
sorbinil
-
 Mus musculus

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Mus musculus P45376 CX3CR1GFP mice carrying aldose reductase mutant alleles
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Mus musculus C57BL/6 P45376 CX3CR1GFP mice carrying aldose reductase mutant alleles
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Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
eye
-
 Mus musculus
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microglia from retinal cell Mus musculus
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retina whole retina and ocular tissue cryo sections Mus musculus
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Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AKR1B1 gene name, UniProt Mus musculus
aldose reductase
-
 Mus musculus

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Mus musculus lippolysaccharide, from Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, induces the enzyme in mouse retina up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction lipopolysacchride-induced RMG activation and migration into the inner nuclear layer or outer nuclear layer is largely prevented by enzyme inhibitors or in aldose reductase null mice, or is exacerbated in transgenic mice that over-express the enzyme Mus musculus
physiological function aldose reductase regulates cytokine and chemokine production in the eye and mediates retinal microglia activation, role of the enzyme in RMG activation and migration in vivo, overview. Retinal microglia (RMG) are one of the major immune cells in charge of surveillance of inflammatory responses in the eye. In the absence of an inflammatory stimulus, RMG reside predominately in the ganglion layer and inner or outer plexiform layers. Under stress RMG become activated and migrate into the inner nuclear layer or outer nuclear layer. Activated RMG in cell culture secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines in a manner sensitive to downregulation by aldose reductase inhibitors. Aldose reductase expression in retinal microglia may contribute to the proinflammatory phenotypes common to various eye diseases such as uveitis and diabetic retinopathy Mus musculus