Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
6-(propan-2-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diol + H2O
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + ammonia
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + cyclopropylamine
-
-
-
?
N-dimethylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + dimethylamine
-
-
-
?
N-ethylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + ethylamine
-
-
-
?
N-hydroxyethylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + 2-aminoethanol
-
-
-
?
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
?
-
involved in a pathway by which the herbicide atrazine, 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopopylamino)-1,3,5-triazine, is degraded in bacteria via N-isopropylammelide, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
N-methylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + methylamine
-
-
-
?
N-tert-butylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + tert-butylamine
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the isolated strain is capable of degrading atrazine. Displacement of the three substituents on the s-triazine ring is mediated by three enzymatic steps encoded by the genes atzA, atzB, and atzC. AtzC stoichiometrically metabolizes N-isopropylammelide to cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
Flavobacterium oryzihabitans
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
degradation via hydroxyatrazine
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
transiently accumulated as an intermediary metabolite in the water phase and subsequently mineralised through triazine ring cleavage by other microbes
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
transiently accumulated as an intermediary metabolite in the water phase and subsequently mineralised through triazine ring cleavage by other microbes
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + isopropylamine
-
-
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
6-(propan-2-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diol + H2O
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
N-isopropylammelide + H2O
?
-
involved in a pathway by which the herbicide atrazine, 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopopylamino)-1,3,5-triazine, is degraded in bacteria via N-isopropylammelide, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the isolated strain is capable of degrading atrazine. Displacement of the three substituents on the s-triazine ring is mediated by three enzymatic steps encoded by the genes atzA, atzB, and atzC. AtzC stoichiometrically metabolizes N-isopropylammelide to cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
N-isopropyl ammelide + H2O
cyanuric acid + propan-2-amine
-
-
-
-
ir
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
D188A
about 6fold increase in kcat/Km value
D188N
activity similar to wild-type
D303A
activity similar to wild-type
D303N
activity similar to wild-type
H219A
4fold increase in kcat value
H249A
substitution of an active site histidine residue, complete loss of activity
K65A
more than 15fold increase in kcat/Km value, 30fold increase in kcat for ammelide
K65R
more than 15fold increase in kcat/Km value, 12fold increase in kcat for ammelide
N304A
slight increase in kcat for ammelide
N304D
7fold increase in kcat for ammelide
Q160A
activity similar to wild-type
Q160E
60% reduction in kcat value
W309A
mutation opens up the area above the ring and increases the catalytic rate by almost a factor of two
W309F
slight reduction in catalytic rate
degradation
-
microorganisms EAA-3 and EAA-4 degrade atrazine substrate at 0.42 mg per l and h in 60 h at 99% efficiency.With glucose supplementation, the overall degradation rates determined for EAA-3 and EAA-4 are 0.42 and 0.40 mg per h and l, respectively. The strains metabolize 2-hydroxyatrazine, desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine, but degradation of desisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine and desisopropyl desethyl-2-hydroxyatrazine is only observed in presence of glucose
degradation
-
microorganisms EAA-3 and EAA-4 degrade atrazine substrate at 0.42 mg per l and h in 60 h at 99% efficiency.With glucose supplementation, the overall degradation rates determined for EAA-3 and EAA-4 are 0.42 and 0.40 mg per h and l, respectively. The strains metabolize 2-hydroxyatrazine, desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine, but degradation of desisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine and desisopropyl desethyl-2-hydroxyatrazine is only observed in presence of glucose
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
degradation
-
biotic interaction between earthworms and the bacterial community involved in degradation of the herbicide atrazine in a maize-cropped soil, earthworms significantly affect the structure of the soil bacterial communities in the biostructures, they reduce the size of the population of Pseudomonas sp. ADP, thereby contributing to the diminution of the atrazine-degrading genetic potential in soil microsites
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
Flavobacterium oryzihabitans
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature
degradation
-
broad level bacterial community interactions that are involved in atrazine degradation in nature, Nocardia sp. plays a crucial role for stable maintenance of the degrader community, dechlorination of atrazine is carried out exclusively by Nocardia sp. which apart from the atzC gene contains the trzN gene
degradation
-
enzyme degrades the herbicide atrazine, biodegredation in the microcosm appears to occur predominantely by Nocardioides sp. to yield cyanuric acid, which can be mineralised by other relatively ubiquitous microbes
degradation
novel atrazine catabolic pathway combining trzN with atzB and atzC, the gene products dechlorinate and then dealkylate atrazine
degradation
-
novel atrazine catabolic pathway combining trzN with atzB and atzC, the gene products dechlorinate and then dealkylate atrazine
-
degradation
-
enzyme degrades the herbicide atrazine, biodegredation in the microcosm appears to occur predominantely by Nocardioides sp. to yield cyanuric acid, which can be mineralised by other relatively ubiquitous microbes
-
molecular biology
-
hybridization studies localize atzC together with TrzN and atzB to a 380-kb plasmid in Arthrobacter aurescens strain TC1
molecular biology
-
hybridization studies localize atzC together with TrzN and atzB to a 380-kb plasmid in Arthrobacter aurescens strain TC1
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Sadowsky, M.J.; Tong, Z.; de Souza, M.; Wackett, L.P.
AtzC is a new member of the amidohydrolase protein superfamily and is homologous to other atrazine-metabolizing enzymes
J. Bacteriol.
180
152-158
1998
Pseudomonas sp.
brenda
De Souza, M.L.; Seffernick, J.; Martinez, B.; Sadowsky, M.J.; Wackett, L.P.
The atrazine catabolism genes atzABC are widespread and highly conserved
J. Bacteriol.
180
1951-1954
1998
Pseudomonas sp.
brenda
Shapir, N.; Osborne, J.P.; Johnson, G.; Sadowsky, M.J.; Wackett, L.P.
Purification, substrate range, and metal center of AtzC: the N-isopropylammelide aminohydrolase involved in bacterial atrazine metabolism
J. Bacteriol.
184
5376-5384
2002
Pseudomonas sp.
brenda
Sajjaphan, K.; Shapir, N.; Wackett, L.P.; Palmer, M.; Blackmon, B.; Tomkins, J.; Sadowsky, M.J.
Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 atrazine catabolism genes trzN, atzB, and atzC are linked on a 160-kilobase region and are functional in Escherichia coli
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
70
4402-4407
2004
Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Paenarthrobacter aurescens TC1
brenda
Smith, D.; Alvey, S.; Crowley, D.E.
Cooperative catabolic pathways within an atrazine-degrading enrichment culture isolated from soil
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
53
265-273
2005
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Variovorax paradoxus, Caulobacter vibrioides, Nocardia sp., Pseudomonas putida, Rhizobium sp., Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Flavobacterium oryzihabitans
brenda
Kersante, A.; Martin-Laurent, F.; Soulas, G.; Binet, F.
Interactions of earthworms with Atrazine-degrading bacteria in an agricultural soil
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
57
192-205
2006
Pseudomonas sp.
brenda
Piutti, S.; Semon, E.; Landry, D.; Hartmann, A.; Dousset, S.; Lichtfouse, E.; Topp, E.; Soulas, G.; Martin-Laurent, F.
Isolation and characterisation of Nocardioides sp. SP12, an atrazine-degrading bacterial strain possessing the gene trzN from bulk- and maize rhizosphere soil
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
221
111-117
2003
Pseudomonas sp. (O52063), Nocardioides sp. (Q83ZG3), Nocardioides sp. SP12 (Q83ZG3)
brenda
Satsuma, K.
Characterisation of new strains of atrazine-degrading Nocardioides sp. isolated from Japanese riverbed sediment using naturally derived river ecosystem
Pest Manag. Sci.
62
340-349
2006
Nocardioides sp.
brenda
Govantes, F.; Garcia-Gonzalez, V.; Porrua, O.; Platero, A.I.; Jimenez-Fernandez, A.; Santero, E.
Regulation of the atrazine-degradative genes in Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
310
1-8
2010
Pseudomonas sp.
brenda
Govantes, F.; Porrua, O.; Garca-Gonzalez, V.; Santero, E.
Atrazine biodegradation in the lab and in the field: Enzymatic activities and gene regulation
Microb. Biotechnol.
2
178-185
2009
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes sp., Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Pseudomonas sp., Herbaspirillum huttiense, Cupriavidus basilensis, Acidovorax citrulli, Herbaspirillum huttiense NRRL B-12228, Agrobacterium tumefaciens J14a, Alcaligenes sp. SG1, Pseudomonas sp. CN1, Paenarthrobacter aurescens TC1, Cupriavidus basilensis M91-3
brenda
Fernandez, L.; Valverde, C.; Gomez, M.
Isolation and characterization of atrazine-degrading Arthrobacter sp. strains from Argentine agricultural soils
Ann. Microbiol.
63
207-214
2013
Arthrobacter sp.
brenda
Sajjaphan, K.; Heepngoen, P.; Sadowsky, M.J.; Boonkerd, N.
Arthrobacter sp. strain KU001 isolated from a Thai soil degrades atrazine in the presence of inorganic nitrogen sources
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
20
602-608
2010
Arthrobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp. KU001
brenda
Balotra, S.; Warden, A.C.; Newman, J.; Briggs, L.J.; Scott, C.; Peat, T.S.
X-Ray structure and mutagenesis studies of the N-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase, AtzC
PLoS ONE
10
e0137700
2015
Pseudomonas sp. ADP (O52063), Pseudomonas sp. ADP
brenda
Omotayo, A.; Ilori, M.; Radosevich, M.; Amund, O.
Metabolism of atrazine in liquid cultures and soil microcosms by Nocardioides strains isolated from a contaminated nigerian agricultural soil
Soil Sediment Contam.
22
365-375
2013
Nocardioides sp., Nocardioides sp. EAA-3 and EAA-4
-
brenda