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aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
D-galactose
-
initial release of D-galactotriose and D-galactotetraose, prolonged incubation results in D-galactose and D-galactobiose
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
AZCL-galactan + H2O
?
-
the enzyme shows a conserved beta-turn, characteristic of GH53 enzymes, which contributes to subsites -2 to +3
-
-
?
azurine cross-linked galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme releases blue color
-
-
?
azurine cross-linked lupin-galactan + H2O
?
beta-(1->4)-D-galactotriose + H2O
D-galactose
-
by galactanase I
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan
?
-
main products are galactose and galactobiose
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
galactobiose + galactotriose
citrus fruit pectin + H2O
?
debranched sugar beet arabinan + H2O
?
galactan + H2O
?
initially, rather long oligosaccharides are detected as hydrolysis products of potato galactan. Then, as the reaction proceeds, mainly galactotetraose is produced. After 24 h reaction, D-galactose, beta-1,4-D-galactobiose, beta-1,4-D-galactotriose and beta-1,4-D-galactotetraose are detected as the major products from potato galactan. The enzyme hydrolyzes galactans more efficiently than pectic galactans
-
-
?
galactan I + H2O
?
-
isolated from black liquor, enzyme produces a range of galacto-oligolaccharides, main products are galactose and galactobiose
-
-
?
galactobiose + H2O
galactose
-
by galactanase I
-
-
?
galactotetraose + H2O
galactose
-
by galactanase I
-
-
?
lupin beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
o-nitrophenol + galactose + pyranose
-
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside + H2O
p-nitrophenol + galactose
-
-
-
-
?
pectic polysaccharide from Averrhoa carambola + H2O
?
-
the substrate is composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and uronic acid in the 5.0:72.5:12.1:10.4 molar ratios, respectively. The arabinan moiety is formed by (1->5)-linked alpha-L-Araf units in the backbone, branched at O-3 by (1->2)- and (1->3)-linked alpha-L-Araf units, while the type I arabinogalactan is formed by (1->4)- and(1->4,6)-linked beta-D-Galp units in the backbone with (1->5)-, (1-> 3,5)- and (1-> 3)-linked alpha-L-Araf units as side chains
-
-
?
potato galactan + H2O
galactotetraose
soybean arabinogalactan + H2O
?
sugarcane bagasse + H2O
?
additional information
?
-
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
aminopentyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
-
-
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
-
-
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
-
-
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
-
-
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
-
-
-
-
?
arabinogalactan + H2O
galactose
-
-
-
-
?
azurine cross-linked lupin-galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme releases blue color
-
-
?
azurine cross-linked lupin-galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme releases blue color
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme produces a range of galacto-oligolaccharides, main products are galactose and galactobiose
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme releases sugars from lupin-galactan
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme releases sugars from galactan
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
-
enzyme releases sugars from galactan
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
galactobiose + galactotriose
plant-cell-wall-degrading enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of beta-1,4-galactan in the hairy regions of pectin
-
-
?
beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
galactobiose + galactotriose
1% w/v galactan from lupin treated with arabinofuranosidase
product identification
-
?
citrus fruit pectin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
citrus fruit pectin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
debranched sugar beet arabinan + H2O
?
low activity
-
-
?
debranched sugar beet arabinan + H2O
?
low activity
-
-
?
lupin beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
best substrate
-
-
?
lupin beta-1,4-galactan + H2O
?
best substrate
-
-
?
potato galactan + H2O
galactotetraose
-
-
-
-
?
potato galactan + H2O
galactotetraose
-
-
-
-
?
soybean arabinogalactan + H2O
?
high activity
-
-
?
soybean arabinogalactan + H2O
?
high activity
-
-
?
sugarcane bagasse + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
sugarcane bagasse + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
involved in pectin degradation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme liberates galactose from a lignin-carbohydrate complex isolated from softwood kraft pulp, no activity towards beta-1,3-linked galactan
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity with galactans from different sources, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is highly active and specific for beta-galactans hydrolyzing beta-1,4-galactosidic linkages, substrate specificity, the enzyme acts on beta-1,4-linked galactan, producing a range of galacto-oligosaccharides, and on beta-1,4- and beta-1,3/6-linked arabinogalactans, the enzyme liberates galactose from a lignincarbohydrate complex isolated from softwood kraft pulp, no activity towards beta-1,3-liked galactan, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
role in degradation of both linear and L-arabinose-substitued galactan side chains of pectin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity towards D-galacto-oligosaccharides that are substituted with D-glucose at the reducing end
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with galactobiose and galactotriose as substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with galactobiose and galactotriose as substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, overview. The smallest substrate for the enzyme is beta-1,4-galactotriose. No activity with sugar beet pectin, beta-1,3-galactan from larch wood, and soybean rhamnogalacturonan. No activity with 4-nitrophenly beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, overview. The smallest substrate for the enzyme is beta-1,4-galactotriose. No activity with sugar beet pectin, beta-1,3-galactan from larch wood, and soybean rhamnogalacturonan. No activity with 4-nitrophenly beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, overview. The smallest substrate for the enzyme is beta-1,4-galactotriose. No activity with sugar beet pectin, beta-1,3-galactan from larch wood, and soybean rhamnogalacturonan. No activity with 4-nitrophenly beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, overview. The smallest substrate for the enzyme is beta-1,4-galactotriose. No activity with sugar beet pectin, beta-1,3-galactan from larch wood, and soybean rhamnogalacturonan. No activity with 4-nitrophenly beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
?
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Nakano, H.; Takenishi, S.; Watanabe, Y.
Formation of transfer products from soybean arabinogalactan and glycerol by galactanase from Penicillium citrinum
Agric. Biol. Chem.
52
1913-1921
1988
Penicillium citrinum
-
brenda
Nakano, H.; Takenishi, S.; Watanabe, Y.
Action of galactanase from Penicillium citrinum on o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galacopyranoside
Agric. Biol. Chem.
50
3005-3012
1986
Penicillium citrinum
-
brenda
Nakano, H.; Takenishi, S.; Watanabe, Y.
Purification and properties of two galactanases from Penicillium citrinum
Agric. Biol. Chem.
49
3445-3454
1985
Penicillium citrinum
-
brenda
Voragen, A.G.J.; Geerst, F.; Pilnik, W.
Hemi-cellulases in enzymic fruit processing
Util. Enzymes Technol. Aliment. , Symp. Int. (Dupuy, P. , ed. ), Tech. Doc. Lavoisier Paris
497-502
1982
Bacillus subtilis
-
brenda
Urbanek, H.; Zalewska-Sobczak, J.
1.4-beta-Galactanases and 1.3-beta-galactanases of Botrytis cinerea isolate infecting apple
Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz.
181
321-329
1986
Botrytis cinerea
-
brenda
Bauer, W.D.; Bateman, D.F.; Whalen, C.H.
Purification of an endo-beta-1.4 galactanase produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: effects on isolated plant cell walls and potato tissue
Phytopathology
67
862-868
1977
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
-
brenda
Labavitch, J.M.; Freeman, L.E.; Albersheim, P.
Structure of plant cell walls: purification and characterization of a beta-1.4-galactanase which degrades a structural component of the primary cell walls of dicots
J. Biol. Chem.
251
5904-5910
1976
Bacillus subtilis
brenda
Mullen, J.M.; Bateman, D.F.
Polysaccharide degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium roseum "Avanaceum" in culture and during pathogenesis
Physiol. Plant Pathol.
6
233-246
1975
Fusarium sambucinum
-
brenda
Emi, S.; Yamamoto, T.
Purification and properties of several galactanases of Bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus
Agric. Biol. Chem.
36
1945-1954
1972
Bacillus subtilis
-
brenda
Emi, S.; Fukumoto, J.; Yamamoto, T.
Studies of hemicellulolytic enzymes of Bacillus subtilis: part I purification, crystallization and some properties of arabinogalactanase
Agric. Biol. Chem.
35
1891-1898
1971
Bacillus subtilis
-
brenda
Dekker, R.F.H.
Biodegradation of the hemicelluloses
Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components (Higuchi,T. , ed. )
505-532
1985
Bacillus subtilis
-
brenda
Oxenboll Sorensen, S.; Pauly, M.; Bush, M.; Skjot, M.; McCann, M.C.; Borkhardt, B.; Ulvkov, P.
Pectin engineering: modification of potato pectin by in vivo expression of an endo-1.4-beta-D-galactanase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
97
7639-7644
2000
Aspergillus aculeatus
brenda
Ryttersgaard, C.; Poulsen, J.C.N.; Christgau, S.; Sandal, T.; Dalboge, H.; Larsen, S.
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of beta-1,4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus
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55
929-930
1999
Aspergillus aculeatus
-
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Christgau, S.; Sandal, T.; Dalboge, H.
Expression cloning, purification and characterization of a beta-1,4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus
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27
135-141
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Aspergillus aculeatus
brenda
Yamaguchi, F.; Inoue, S.i.; Hatanaka, C.
Purification and properties of endo-beta-1,4-D-galactanase from Aspergillus niger
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59
1742-1744
1995
Aspergillus niger
brenda
Lahaye, M.; Thibault, J.V.& J.F.
endo-beta-1,4-D-Galactanase from Aspergillus niger var. aculeatus: purification and some properties
Carbohydr. Polym.
15
431-444
1991
Aspergillus niger
-
brenda
Tsumura, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Akiba, T.; Horikoshi, K.
Purifications and properties of galactanases from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. S-2 and S-39
Agric. Biol. Chem.
55
1265-1271
1991
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria)
-
brenda
Kimura, I.; Yoshioka, N.; Tajima, S.
Purification and characterization of an endo-1,4-beta-D-galactanase from Aspergillus sojae
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85
48-52
1998
Aspergillus sojae
-
brenda
Ryttersgaard, C.; Lo Leggio, L.; Coutinho, P.M.; Henrissat, B.; Larsen, S.
Aspergillus aculeatus beta-1,4-galactanase: substrate recognition and relations to other glycoside hydrolases in clan GH-A
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41
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2002
Aspergillus aculeatus
brenda
Luonteri, E.; Laine, C.; Uusitalo, S.; Teleman, A.; Siika-aho, M.; Tenkanen, M.
Purification and characterization of Aspergillus beta-D-galactanases acting on beta-1,4- and beta-1,3/6-linked arabinogalactans
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53
155-168
2003
Aspergillus aculeatus
-
brenda
De Vries, R.P.; Parenicova, L.; Hinz, S.W.; Kester, H.C.; Beldman, G.; Benen, J.A.; Visser, J.
The beta-1,4-endogalactanase A gene from Aspergillus niger is specifically induced on arabinose and galacturonic acid and plays an important role in the degradation of pectic hairy regions
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269
4985-4993
2002
Aspergillus niger
brenda
Geshi, N.; Pauly, M.; Ulvskov, P.
Solubilization of galactosyltransferase that synthesizes 1,4-beta-galactan side chains in pectic rhamnogalacturonan I
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114
540-548
2002
Aspergillus niger
brenda
Le Nours, J.; Ryttersgaard, C.; Lo Leggio, L.; Ostergaard, P.R.; Borchert, T.V.; Christensen, L.L.H.; Larsen, S.
Structure of two fungal beta-1,4-galactanases: Searching for the basis for temperature and pH optimum
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12
1195-1204
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Aspergillus aculeatus, Thermothelomyces heterothallicus, Humicola insolens
brenda
Arai, M.; Kawamata, H.; Nishi, M.; Kanamasa, S.; Sumitani, J.; Kawaguchi, T.
Cloning and expression of galactanase gene from Aspergillus niger
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17
302-305
2004
Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger KF-267
-
brenda
Ryttersgaard, C.; Le Nours, J.; Lo Leggio, L.; Jorgensen, C.T.; Christensen, L.L.; Bjornvad, M.; Larsen, S.
The structure of endo-beta-1,4-galactanase from Bacillus licheniformis in complex with two oligosaccharide products
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341
107-117
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Bacillus licheniformis (Q65CX5), Bacillus licheniformis
brenda
Yang, H.; Ichinose, H.; Yoshida, M.; Nakajima, M.; Kobayashi, H.; Kaneko, S.
Characterization of a thermostable endo-beta-1,4-D-galactanase from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima
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70
538-541
2006
Thermotoga maritima (Q9X0S8), Thermotoga maritima
brenda
Le Nours, J.; De Maria, L.; Welner, D.; Jorgensen, C.T.; Christensen, L.L.; Borchert, T.V.; Larsen, S.; Lo Leggio, L.
Investigating the binding of beta-1,4-galactan to Bacillus licheniformis beta-1,4-galactanase by crystallography and computational modeling
Proteins
75
977-989
2009
Bacillus licheniformis
brenda
Sakamoto, T.; Nishimura, Y.; Makino, Y.; Sunagawa, Y.; Harada, N.
Biochemical characterization of a GH53 endo-beta-1,4-galactanase and a GH35 exo-beta-1,4-galactanase from Penicillium chrysogenum
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
97
2895-2906
2013
Penicillium chrysogenum (B5MGR3), Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium chrysogenum 31B (B5MGR3), Penicillium chrysogenum 31B
brenda
de Lima, E.A.; Machado, C.B.; Zanphorlin, L.M.; Ward, R.J.; Sato, H.H.; Ruller, R.
GH53 endo-beta-1,4-galactanase from a newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis CBMAI 1609 as an enzymatic cocktail supplement for biomass saccharification
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
179
415-426
2016
Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus licheniformis CBMAI 1609
brenda
Leivas, C.; Iacomini, M.; Cordeiro, L.
Structural characterization of a rhamnogalacturonan I-arabinan-type I arabinogalactan macromolecule from starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.)
Carbohydr. Polym.
121
224-230
2015
Aspergillus niger
brenda
Bartetzko, M.P.; Schuhmacher, F.; Seeberger, P.H.; Pfrengle, F.
Determining substrate specificities of beta1,4-endogalactanases using plant arabinogalactan oligosaccharides synthesized by automated glycan assembly
J. Org. Chem.
82
1842-1850
2017
Aspergillus niger, Acetivibrio thermocellus, Cellvibrio japonicus
brenda