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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.7.1.182 - phytol kinase
Word Map on EC 2.7.1.182
- 2.7.1.182
- chlorophyll
- tocopherol
-
phytyl
- synechocystis
-
prenyl
-
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate
- diphosphate
- chlorophyllide
- thaliana
-
geranylgeranyl
- seed
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photosynthetic
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.7.1.182
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
phytol kinase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CTP + phytol = CDP + phytyl phosphate
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
CTP:phytol O-phosphotransferase
The enzyme is found in plants and photosynthetic algae [2] and is involved in phytol salvage [1]. It can use UTP as an alternative phosphate donor with lower activity [2].
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
malfunction
downregulation of tomato phytol kinase strongly impairs tocopherol biosynthesis and affects prenyllipid metabolism in an organ-specific manner. VTE5-deficient plants display starch accumulation and lower CO2 assimilation in leaves associated with mild yield penalty. Carbohydrate export blockage in the VTE5-deficient plants affecting tomato fruit quality. Chlorophyll content is not affected in SlVTE5-RNAi lines. Phenotype, overview
malfunction
the growth defect of vte6-1 is alleviated in the vte5-2/vte6-1 double mutant. The tocopherol-deficient mutants vte1, vte2, vte4, and vte5 can grow on soil and produce fertile seeds, while vte6-1 and vte6-2 cannot grow photoautotrophically and are infertile. Amounts of phytol are unchanged in vte5-2 and vte5-2/vte6-1 mutants compared with the wild-type
metabolism
the enzyme is essential in tocopherol biosynthesis, tocopherol biosynthetic and related pathways, overview
metabolism
phytol from chlorophyll degradation can be phosphorylated to phytyl-phosphate by phytol kinase, EC 2.7.1.182, and to phytyl-diphosphate, the substrate for tocopherol (vitamin E) synthesis by phytyl-diphosphate kinase, EC 2.7.4.BX. Tocopherol synthesis in leaves depends on phytol derived from chlorophyll, not on de novo synthesis of phytyl-diphosphate from geranylgeranyl-diphosphate. The phytol phosphorylation pathway is essential for plant growth and development
physiological function
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phytol is phosphorylated to phytyl-phosphate and phytyl-diphosphate by two successive kinase activities. Phosphorylation of free phytol represents an alternative route for phytyl-diphosphate production as the precursor for chloroplast prenyl lipid synthesis. Lipid esters are produced after feeding phytol to Arabidopsis seedlings, and they also accumulate in large amounts in leaves during senescence. The predominant phytyl ester that accumulates during senescence is hexadecatrienoic acid phytyl ester
physiological function
chlorophyll phytol tail recycling depends on phytol kinase activity. Phytol diphosphate is required for synthesis of tocopherol involving the condensation with an aromatic head group
physiological function
the essential enzyme is required for tocopherol synthesis and photoautotrophic growth synthesizing phytyl phosphate from phytol from degenerated chlorophyll in the phytol phosphorylation pathway
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + phytol
ADP + phytyl phosphate
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about 7times less activity than with CTP
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-
?
GTP + phytol
GDP + phytyl phosphate
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about 7times less activity than with CTP
-
-
?
CTP + phytol
CDP + phytyl phosphate
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phytyl phosphate is phosphorylated by phytyl phosphate kinase, VTE6
-
?
CTP + phytol
CDP + phytyl phosphate
the enzyme is involved in phytol salvage
-
-
?
CTP + phytol
CDP + phytyl phosphate
the enzyme is involved in phytol salvage
-
-
?
UTP + phytol
UDP + phytyl phosphate
UTP is used with low activity than CTP
-
-
?
UTP + phytol
UDP + phytyl phosphate
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about 7times less activity than with CTP
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-
?
UTP + phytol
UDP + phytyl phosphate
UTP is used with low activity than CTP
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
CTP + phytol
CDP + phytyl phosphate
Q9LZ76
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phytyl phosphate is phosphorylated by phytyl phosphate kinase, VTE6
-
?
CTP + phytol
CDP + phytyl phosphate
Q9LZ76
the enzyme is involved in phytol salvage
-
-
?
CTP + phytol
CDP + phytyl phosphate
P74653
the enzyme is involved in phytol salvage
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coli
gene VTE5, genotyping, identification of enzyme-deficient mutants, phylogenetic analysis
gene VTE5, recombinant functional expression of gene VTE5 or functional coexpression of genes VTE5 and VTE6 in Escherichia coli, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
construction of an independent mutant allele (pst12490, vte5-2) that carries a transposon insertion in the first exon behind the start codon of the VTE5 gene and shows no vte5 expression and absence of VTE5 mRNA. Construction of VTE5/VTE6 double mutant plants, which are tocopherol-deficient and contain more chlorophyll, but reduced amounts of phytol and phytyl-phosphate compared with vte6 mutants, suggesting that phytol or phytyl-phosphate are detrimental to plant growth. The growth defect of vte6-1 is alleviated in the vte5-2/vte6-1 double mutant. The tocopherol-deficient mutants vte1, vte2, vte4, and vte5 can grow on soil and produce fertile seeds, while vte6-1 and vte6-2 cannot grow photoautotrophically and are infertile. Amounts of phytol are unchanged in vte5-2 and vte5-2/vte6-1 mutants compared with the wild-type, the different forms of fatty acid phytyl esters are increased in leaves of vte5-2, vte6-1, vte6-2, and vte5-2 vte6-1 compared with the wild type, especially 12:0-phytol, 14:0-phytol, and 16:0-phytol
additional information
generation of SlVTE5-RNAi transgenic lines, RNAi-mediated silencing of the Solyc03g071720 locus using primers RNAi-VTE5-F and RNAi-VTE5-R. TILLING-based molecular screening is used to identify a loss-offunction mutation in SlFOLK using an EMS-mutagenized tomato collection
additional information
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generation of SlVTE5-RNAi transgenic lines, RNAi-mediated silencing of the Solyc03g071720 locus using primers RNAi-VTE5-F and RNAi-VTE5-R. TILLING-based molecular screening is used to identify a loss-offunction mutation in SlFOLK using an EMS-mutagenized tomato collection
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.7.1.182)
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