the increase in height in GhACL5-overexpressing plants cannot be attributed to early germination rates. GhACL5-silenced plants show a severe dwarf phenotype
the increase in height in GhACL5-overexpressing plants cannot be attributed to early germination rates. GhACL5-silenced plants show a severe dwarf phenotype
thermospermine-deficient mutant acl5 shows severe dwarfism and excessive xylem differentiation. Some auxin analogs remarkably enhance xylem vessel differentiation in the acl5 mutant but not in the wild type. The xylem-inducing effect of auxin analogs is clearly suppressed by thermospermine. Auxin analogs promote protoxylem differentiation in roots and cotyledons in the acl5 mutant. The opposite action between thermospermine and auxin in xylem differentiation may be common in different organs and thermospermine might be required for the suppression of protoxylem differentiation
the enzyme is involved in synthesis of thermospermidine, which has a toxic effect on pthogen Verticillium dahliae development in a dose-dependent manner
thermospermine levels are controlled by an auxin-dependent feedback loop mechanism in Populus xylem. Negative feedback regulation, increased POPACAULIS5 expression functions to reduce indole-3-acetic acid levels, which in turn prevents further expression of POPACAULIS5, a regulatory mechanism, mediated through auxin and PttHB8, for maintenance of thermospermine homeostasis in secondary xylem tissues of the stem
the enzyme is involved in synthesis of thermospermidine, which has a toxic effect on pthogen Verticillium dahliae development in a dose-dependent manner
SAC51 is one of the key transcription factors controlling stem elongation. Plants acquire the ability to synthesize thermospermine at an early stage of evolution by horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote
SAC51 is one of the key transcription factors controlling stem elongation. Plants acquire the ability to synthesize thermospermine at an early stage of evolution by horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote
in the hypocotyl as well as in the inflorescence stem, ACL5 is expressed not just broadly with respect to vasculature, but specifically in the xylem vessel elements at a strictly defined developmental stage, suggesting direct involvement of ACL5 in xylem vessel differentiation. The acl5 mutant displays severe overall inhibition of the secondary growth of the vascular tissues, dramatic alteration in the morphology of the vessel elements and complete lack of xylem fibers
gene GhACL5, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons, constitutive expression of the cotton ACL5 gene (GhACL5) in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 transfection using the CaMV 35S promoter, significantly increases plant height and elevates the level of thermospermidine, quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression analysis of transgenic GhACL5 and endogenous AtACL5 transcripts, transcript levels of endogenous AtACL5 are reduced in plants that ectopically express gene GhACL5, seedling phenotypes, overview
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
exogenous supply of auxin results in a strong increase in POPACAULIS5 transcript levels after 4 h in transgenic overexpressing lines but not in the wild-type. Class III HD-Zip PttHB8 over-expression stimulates POPACAULIS5 expression, mechanism, overview. Expression of PttHB8 is rapidly induced by exogenous auxin and it is therefore possible that the suppression of PttHB8 expression by POPACAULIS5 overexpression is mediated through Indole-3-acetic acid
contrary to wild-type, seedlings of acl5-1 loss-of-function mutant do not contain thermospermine. Daily application of thermospermine onto the shoot apex partially rescues the dwarf phenotype of the mutant, while application of spermine has no effect. The acl5-1 transcript level in acl5-1 seedlings, which is much higher than the ACL5 transcript level in wild-type seedlings, is reduced by exogenous thermospermine
constitutive expression of the cotton ACL5 gene (GhACL5) in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 transfection using the CaMV 35S promoter, significantly increases plant height and elevates the level of thermospermidine, quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression analysis of transgenic GhACL5 and endogenous AtACL5 transcripts, transcript levels of endogenous AtACL5 are reduced in plants that ectopically express gene GhACL5, seedling phenotypes, overview. Germination rate for seeds from GhACL5-overexpressing plants is lower when compared with control after 3 days
constitutive expression of the cotton ACL5 gene (GhACL5) in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 transfection using the CaMV 35S promoter, significantly increases plant height and elevates the level of thermospermidine, quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression analysis of transgenic GhACL5 and endogenous AtACL5 transcripts, transcript levels of endogenous AtACL5 are reduced in plants that ectopically express gene GhACL5, seedling phenotypes, overview. Germination rate for seeds from GhACL5-overexpressing plants is lower when compared with control after 3 days
generation of GhACL5-sielenced plants endogenous levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are similar between GhACL5-silenced and control plants. GhACL5-silenced plants show a severe dwarf phenotype
generation of GhACL5-sielenced plants endogenous levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are similar between GhACL5-silenced and control plants. GhACL5-silenced plants show a severe dwarf phenotype
generation of GhACL5-sielenced plants endogenous levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are similar between GhACL5-silenced and control plants. GhACL5-silenced plants show a severe dwarf phenotype
enzme overexpression under the control of the 35S CaMV constitutive promoter in Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides plants leads to reduced overall growth and slight defects in xylem development. Ectopic expression of POPACAULIS5 results in the dramatic changes in shoot and root development, and the transgenic lines shows (severe) dwarf phenotypes, overview. Some dwarf transgenic plants are able to develop a rooting system and show partial restoration of the wild-type phenotype once transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium. Thermospermine accumulation is suppressed in the 35S::POPACAULIS5 Populus woody stem, but not in leaves. Indole-3-acetic acid levels are strongly reduced in the leaves and in the secondary xylem tissues of the transgenic trees
simple method to separate spermine and thermospermine in extracts from plant tissues of less than 500 mg. Polyamines extracted from plant tissues are benzoylated, and the derivatives are completely resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 reverse-phase column. With this method, the thermospermine contents in various tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana have been monitored. Stems and flowers contain two- to three-fold more thermospermine compared to whole seedlings and mature leaves