Reference on EC 2.5.1.32 - 15-cis-phytoene synthase
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REF. 
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Jones, B.L.; Porter, J.W.
Enzymatic synthesis of phytoene
Methods Enzymol.
110
209-220
1985
Solanum lycopersicum
Maudinas, B.; Bucholtz, M.L.; Papastephanou, C.; Katiyar, S.S.; Briedis, A.V.; Porter, J.W.
Adenosine 5-triphosphate stimulation of the activity of a partially purified phytoene synthetase complex
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
66
430-436
1975
Solanum lycopersicum
Gregonis, D.E.; Rilling, H.C.
The stereochemistry of trans-phytoene synthesis. Some observations on lycopersene as a carotene precursor and a mechanism for the synthesis of cis- and trans-phytoene
Biochemistry
13
1538-1542
1974
Mycobacterium sp.
Dogbo, O.; Laferriere, A.; D'Harlingue, A.; Camara, B.
Carotenoid biosynthesis: isolation and characterization of a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of phytoene
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
85
7054-7058
1988
Capsicum annuum
Camara, B.
Plant phytoene synthase complex: component enzymes, immunology, and biogenesis
Methods Enzymol.
214
352-365
1993
Capsicum sp.
-
Maudinas, B.; Bucholtz, M.L.; Papastephanou, C.; Katiyar, S.S.; Briedis, A.V.; Porter, J.W.
The partial purification and properties of a phytoene synthesizing enzyme system
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
180
354-362
1977
Solanum lycopersicum
Bartley, G.E.; Viitanen, P.V.; Bacot, K.O.; Scolnik, P.A.
A tomato gene expressed during fruit ripening encodes an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway
J. Biol. Chem.
267
5036-5039
1992
Solanum lycopersicum
Chamovitz, D.; Misawa, N.; Sandmann, G.; Hirschberg, J.
Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a cyanobacterial gene coding for phytoene synthase, a carotenoid biosynthesis enzyme
FEBS Lett.
296
305-310
1992
Synechococcus sp.
Gregonis, D.E.; Rilling, H.C.
Photoinduced prephytoene pyrophosphate synthesis in a mycobacterium sp
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
54
449-454
1973
Mycobacterium sp.
Misawa, N.; Nakagawa, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Yamano, S.; Izawa, Y.; Nakamura, K.; Harashima, K.
Elucidation of the Erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthetic pathway by functional analysis of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol.
172
6704-6712
1990
Pantoea ananatis
Neudert, U.; Martinez-Ferez, I.M.; Fraser, P.D.; Sandmann, G.
Expression of an active phytoene synthase from Erwinia uredovora and biochemical properties of the enzyme
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1392
51-58
1998
Pantoea ananatis
Misawa, N.; Truesdale, M.R.; Sandmann, G.; Fraser, P.D.; Bird, C.; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M.
Expression of a tomato cDNA coding for phytoene synthase in Escherichia coli, phytoene formation in vivo and in vitro, and functional analysis of the various truncated gene products
J. Biochem.
116
980-985
1994
Solanum lycopersicum
Schledz, M.; Al-Babili, S.; Lintig, J.v.; Haubruck, H.; Rabbani, S.; Kleinig, H.; Beyer, P.
Phytoene synthase from Narcissus pseudonarcissus: functional expression, galactolipid requirement, topological distribution in chromoplasts and induction during flowering
Plant J.
10
781-792
1996
Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Burkhardt, P.K.; Beyer, P.; Wunn, J.; Kloti, A.; Armstrong, G.A.; Schledz, M.; Von Lintig, J.; Potrykus, I.
Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis
Plant J.
11
1071-1078
1997
Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Iwata-Reuyl, D.; Math, S.K.; Desai, S.B.; Poulter, C.D.
Bacterial phytoene synthase: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of Erwinia herbicola phytoene synthase
Biochemistry
42
3359-3365
2003
Pantoea agglomerans
Fraser, P.D.; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M.
Phytoene synthase from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) chloroplasts - partial purification and biochemical properties
Planta
211
361-369
2000
Solanum lycopersicum
Welsch, R.; Beyer, P.; Hugueney, P.; Kleinig, H.; von Lintig, J.
Regulation and activation of phytoene synthase, a key enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, during photomorphogenesis
Planta
211
846-854
2000
Sinapis alba
Fraser, P.D.; Kiano, J.W.; Truesdale, M.R.; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M.
Phytoene synthase-2 enzyme activity in tomato does not contribute to carotenoid synthesis in ripening fruit
Plant Mol. Biol.
40
687-698
1999
Solanum lycopersicum, Haematococcus lacustris (Q9AU04)
Shewmaker, C.K.; Sheehy, J.A.; Daley, M.; Colburn, S.; Ke, D.Y.
Seed-specific overexpression of phytoene synthase: increase in carotenoids and other metabolic effects
Plant J.
20
401-412X
1999
Pantoea ananatis
Fraser, P.D.; Romer, S.; Shipton, C.A.; Mills, P.B.; Kiano, J.W.; Misawa, N.; Drake, R.G.; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M.
Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing an additional phytoene synthase in a fruit-specific manner
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
99
1092-1097
2002
Pantoea ananatis
Oberhauser, V.; Gaudin, J.; Fonne-Pfister, R.; Schar, H.P.
New target enzyme(s) for bisphosphonates: inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
Pestic. Biochem. Physiol.
60
111-117
1998
Vicia faba, Narcissus sp., Ocimum basilicum
-
Kim, I.J.; Ko, K.C.; Nam, T.S.; Kim, Y.W.; Chung, W.I.; Kim, C.S.
Expression and activity of citrus phytoene synthase and beta-carotene hydroxylase in Escherichia coli
J. Microbiol.
41
212-218
2003
Citrus sp.
-
Salvini, M.; Bernini, A.; Fambrini, M.; Pugliesi, C.
cDNA cloning and expression of the phytoene synthase gene in sunflower
J. Plant Physiol.
162
479-484
2005
Helianthus annuus (Q9FEY7)
Ahn, H.M.; Oh, H.J.; Jeon, G.L.; Lee, S.Y.; Song, K.J.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rape (Brassica napus) with phytoene synthase
Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.
47
117-122
2006
Citrus sp.
-
Yan, Y.; Zhu, Y.H.; Jiang, J.G.; Song, D.L.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the phytoene synthase gene from a unicellular chlorophyte, Dunaliella salina
J. Agric. Food Chem.
53
1466-1469
2005
Dunaliella salina (Q66UF6), Dunaliella salina
Kita, M.; Kato, M.; Ban, Y.; Honda, C.; Yaegaki, H.; Ikoma, Y.; Moriguchi, T.
Carotenoid accumulation in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.): molecular analysis of carotenogenic gene expression and ethylene regulation
J. Agric. Food Chem.
55
3414-3420
2007
Prunus mume (A4F1Y6), Prunus mume
Inoue, K.; Furbee, K.J.; Uratsu, S.; Kato, M.; Dandekar, A.M.; Ikoma, Y.
Catalytic activities and chloroplast import of carotenogenic enzymes from citrus
Physiol. Plant.
127
561-570
2006
Citrus sinensis (Q2I739)
Tao, N.; Hu, Z.; Liu, Q.; Xu, J.; Cheng, Y.; Guo, L.; Guo, W.; Deng, X.
Expression of phytoene synthase gene (Psy) is enhanced during fruit ripening of Cara Cara navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)
Plant Cell Rep.
26
837-843
2007
Citrus sinensis
Campisi, L.; Fambrini, M.; Michelotti, V.; Salvini, M.; Giuntini, D.; Pugliesi, C.
Phytoene accumulation in sunflower decreases the transcript levels of the phytoene synthase gene
Plant Growth Regul.
48
79-87
2006
Helianthus annuus (Q9FEY7)
-
Schaub, P.; Al-Babili, S.; Drake, R.; Beyer, P.
Why is golden rice golden (yellow) instead of red?
Plant Physiol.
138
441-450
2005
Oryza sativa
Mayrhofer, S.; Teuber, M.; Zimmer, I.; Louis, S.; Fischbach, R.J.; Schnitzler, J.P.
Diurnal and seasonal variation of isoprene biosynthesis-related genes in grey poplar leaves
Plant Physiol.
139
474-484
2005
Populus sp.
Schofield, A.; Paliyath, G.
Modulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening through phytochrome regulation of phytoene synthase activity
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
43
1052-1060
2005
Solanum lycopersicum (P08196), Solanum lycopersicum
Han, H.; Li, Y.; Zhou, S.
Overexpression of phytoene synthase gene from Salicornia europaea alters response to reactive oxygen species under salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis
Biotechnol. Lett.
30
1501-1507
2008
Salicornia europaea (A1KYX8), Salicornia europaea
Li, F.; Vallabhaneni, R.; Wurtzel, E.T.
PSY3, a new member of the phytoene synthase gene family conserved in the Poaceae and regulator of abiotic stress-induced root carotenogenesis
Plant Physiol.
146
1333-1345
2008
Zea mays
Li, F.; Vallabhaneni, R.; Yu, J.; Rocheford, T.; Wurtzel, E.T.
The maize phytoene synthase gene family: overlapping roles for carotenogenesis in endosperm, photomorphogenesis, and thermal stress tolerance
Plant Physiol.
147
1334-1346
2008
Zea mays
Welsch, R.; Wuest, F.; Baer, C.; Al-Babili, S.; Beyer, P.
A third phytoene synthase is devoted to abiotic stress-induced abscisic acid formation in rice and defines functional diversification of phytoene synthase genes
Plant Physiol.
147
367-380
2008
Oryza sativa
Munne-Bosch, S.; Falara, V.; Pateraki, I.; Lopez-Carbonell, M.; Cela, J.; Kanellis, A.K.
Physiological and molecular responses of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in a drought-resistant Mediterranean shrub, Cistus creticus exposed to water deficit
J. Plant Physiol.
166
136-145
2009
Cistus creticus
Borthakur, D.; Lu, J.; Chen, H.; Lin, C.; Du, Y.; Liang, Y.
Expression of phytoene synthase (psy) gene and its relation with accumulation of carotenoids in tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntze]
Afr. J. Biotechnol.
7
434-438
2008
Camellia sinensis, Prunus mume (A4F1Y6), Solanum lycopersicum (P08196), Daucus carota (Q2VEY0)
-
Fujisawa, M.; Watanabe, M.; Choi, S.K.; Teramoto, M.; Ohyama, K.; Misawa, N.
Enrichment of carotenoids in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) by metabolic engineering with introduction of bacterial phytoene synthase gene crtB
J. Biosci. Bioeng.
105
636-641
2008
Pantoea ananatis
Bhatnagar, M.; Prasad, K.; Bhatnagar-Mathur, P.; Lakshmi Narasu, M.; Waliyar, F.; Sharma, K.
An efficient method for the production of marker-free transgenic plants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Plant Cell Rep.
29
495-502
2010
Zea mays
Rodriguez-Villalon, A.; Gas, E.; Rodriguez-Concepcion, M.
Phytoene synthase activity controls the biosynthesis of carotenoids and the supply of their metabolic precursors in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings
Plant J.
60
424-435
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Li, F.; Tzfadia, O.; Wurtzel, E.
The phytoene synthase gene family in the Grasses: Subfunctionalization provides tissue-specific control of carotenogenesis
Plant Signal. Behav.
4
208-211
2009
Oryza sativa, Sorghum sp., Zea mays
Tran, D.; Haven, J.; Qiu, W.G.; Polle, J.E.
An update on carotenoid biosynthesis in algae: phylogenetic evidence for the existence of two classes of phytoene synthase
Planta
229
723-729
2009
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, Emiliania huxleyi, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Volvox carteri, Ostreococcus tauri, Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 = FACHB-418, Aureococcus anophagefferens, Ostreococcus sp. 'lucimarinus', Ostreococcus sp. RCC809, Micromonas commoda, Micromonas pusilla CCMP1545, Chlorella variabilis, Solanum lycopersicum (A9Q2P8), Solanum lycopersicum (P08196), Zea mays (B0KYU8), Zea mays (Q6EI12), Zea mays (Q6EIC3), Dunaliella salina (C1J5N0), Dunaliella salina (C1J5N1), Dunaliella salina (O04007), Dunaliella salina (Q66UF6), Dunaliella sp. 336 (Q1KPR4), Haematococcus lacustris (Q4TUC6)
Maass, D.; Arango, J.; Wuest, F.; Beyer, P.; Welsch, R.
Carotenoid crystal formation in Arabidopsis and carrot roots caused by increased phytoene synthase protein levels
PLoS ONE
4
e6373
2009
Daucus carota subsp. carota, Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Q2VEY0), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Q2VEY1)
Kachanovsky, D.E.; Filler, S.; Isaacson, T.; Hirschberg, J.
Epistasis in tomato color mutations involves regulation of phytoene synthase 1 expression by cis-carotenoids
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
109
19021-19026
2012
Solanum lycopersicum
Kato, S.; Takaichi, S.; Ishikawa, T.; Asahina, M.; Takahashi, S.; Shinomura, T.
Identification and functional analysis of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (crtE) and phytoene synthase gene (crtB) for carotenoid biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis
BMC Plant Biol.
16
4-15
2016
Euglena gracilis (A0A0U5ARE7), Euglena gracilis, Euglena gracilis Z (A0A0U5ARE7)
Ruiz-Sola, M.; Rodriguez-Villalon, A.; Rodriguez-Concepcion, M.
Light-sensitive phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are not required to regulate phytoene synthase gene expression in the root
Plant Signal. Behav.
9
e29248
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271), Arabidopsis thaliana
Liu, J.X.; Chiou, C.Y.; Shen, C.H.; Chen, P.J.; Liu, Y.C.; Jian, C.D.; Shen, X.L.; Shen, F.Q.; Yeh, K.W.
RNA interference-based gene silencing of phytoene synthase impairs growth, carotenoids, and plastid phenotype in Oncidium hybrid orchid
SpringerPlus
3
478
2014
Oncidium hybrid cultivar
Zhou, P.; Xie, W.; Li, A.; Wang, F.; Yao, Z.; Bian, Q.; Zhu, Y.; Yu, H.; Ye, L.
Alleviation of metabolic bottleneck by combinatorial engineering enhanced astaxanthin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Enzyme Microb. Technol.
100
28-36
2017
Phaffia rhodozyma (Q7Z859), Phaffia rhodozyma CGMCC As2.1557 (Q7Z859)
Bai, C.; Berman, J.; Farre, G.; Capell, T.; Sandmann, G.; Christou, P.; Zhu, C.
Reconstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in rice endosperm reveals a metabolic bottleneck at the level of endogenous beta-carotene hydroxylase activity
Transgenic Res.
26
13-23
2017
Zea mays (P49085), Zea mays
Ukibe, K.; Hashida, K.; Yoshida, N.; Takagi, H.
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for astaxanthin production and oxidative stress tolerance
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
75
7205-7211
2009
Phaffia rhodozyma (Q7Z859), Phaffia rhodozyma, Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202 (Q7Z859)
Tao, L.; Cheng, Q.
Novel beta-carotene ketolases from non-photosynthetic bacteria for canthaxanthin synthesis
Mol. Genet. Genomics
272
530-537
2004
Rhodococcus erythropolis (Q5IKE1), Rhodococcus erythropolis ATCC 47072 (Q5IKE1)
Zhu, Q.; Zeng, D.; Yu, S.; Cui, C.; Li, J.; Li, H.; Chen, J.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, X.; Chen, L.; Liu, Y.G.
From golden rice to aSTARice bioengineering astaxanthin biosynthesis in rice endosperm
Mol. Plant
2018
1440-1448
2018
Zea mays (P49085)
Kildegaard, K.R.; Adiego-Perez, B.; Domenech Belda, D.; Khangura, J.K.; Holkenbrink, C.; Borodina, I.
Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for production of astaxanthin
Synth. Syst. Biotechnol.
2
287-294
2017
Phaffia rhodozyma (Q7Z859)
Mukherjee, T.; Mukhopadhyay, S.
Comparative analysis of structural and functional aspects of phytoene synthase from Meiothermus taiwanensis strain RP
Ann. Microbiol.
70
15
2020
Meiothermus taiwanensis, Meiothermus taiwanensis RP
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Jang, S.J.; Jeong, H.B.; Jung, A.; Kang, M.Y.; Kim, S.; Ha, S.H.; Kwon, J.K.; Kang, B.C.
Phytoene synthase 2 can compensate for the absence of PSY1 in the control of color in Capsicum fruit
J. Exp. Bot.
71
3417-3427
2020
Capsicum annuum, Capsicum annuum MicroPep Yellow
Dhandapani, R.; Singh, V.P.; Arora, A.; Bhattacharya, R.C.; Rajendran, A.
Differential accumulation of ?-carotene and tissue specific expression of phytoene synthase (MaPsy) gene in banana (Musa sp) cultivars
J. Food Sci. Technol.
54
4416-4426
2017
Musa acuminata
Cerda, A.; Moreno, J.; Acosta, D.; Godoy, F.; Cceres, J.; Cabrera, R.; Stange, C.
Functional characterisation and in silico modelling of MdPSY2 variants and MdPSY5 phytoene synthases from Malus domestica
J. Plant Physiol.
249
153166
2020
Malus domestica Fuji, Malus domestica Fuji (A0A0K1L4Y3)
Camagna, M.; Welsch, R.
Expression, Purification, and enzyme activity assay of phytoene synthase in vitro
Methods Mol. Biol.
2083
39-52
2020
Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271)
Chen, L.; Li, W.; Li, Y.; Feng, X.; Du, K.; Wang, G.; Zhao, L.
Identified trans-splicing of YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 2 encoding the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 protein alters fruit color by map-based cloning, functional complementation and RACE
Plant Mol. Biol.
100
647-658
2019
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
Alvarez, D.; Voss, B.; Maass, D.; Wuest, F.; Schaub, P.; Beyer, P.; Welsch, R.
Carotenogenesis is regulated by 5'UTR-mediated translation of phytoene synthase splice variants
Plant Physiol.
172
2314-2326
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271)
Flowerika, B.P.; Alok, A.; Kumar, J.; Thakur, N.; Pandey, A.; Pandey, A.K.; Upadhyay, S.K.; Tiwari, S.
Characterization and expression analysis of phytoene synthase from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
PLoS ONE
11
e0162443
2016
Triticum aestivum Chinese Spring
Park, S.; Kim, H.S.; Jung, Y.J.; Kim, S.H.; Ji, C.Y.; Wang, Z.; Jeong, J.C.; Lee, H.S.; Lee, S.Y.; Kwak, S.S.
Orange protein has a role in phytoene synthase stabilization in sweetpotato
Sci. Rep.
6
33563
2016
Ipomoea batatas (A0A1B0NFD3)
Yao, D.; Wang, Y.; Li, Q.; Ouyang, X.; Li, Y.; Wang, C.; Ding, L.; Hou, L.; Luo, M.; Xiao, Y.
Specific upregulation of a cotton phytoene synthase gene produces golden cottonseeds with enhanced provitamin A
Sci. Rep.
8
1348
2018
Gossypium hirsutum
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