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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.3.99.28 - phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.3.99.28
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor = all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor = all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
overall reaction
-
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (neurosporene-forming)
This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyses up to three desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)], EC 1.3.99.30 [phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)], EC 1.3.99.31 [phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)]). The enzyme is activated by FAD. NAD+, NADP+ or ATP show no activating effect [1].
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
evolution
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
-
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
-
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
-
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
-
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
-
evolution
-
homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG-CrtBPAG
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
metabolism
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway. Carotenoid pathways of Pantoea agglomerans wild-type and reconstructed pathways in Escherichia coli, overview
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway. Carotenoid pathways of Pantoea agglomerans wild-type and reconstructed pathways in Escherichia coli, overview
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a pathway branch point enzyme in the carotenoid pathway
-
additional information
-
Leu208 is exchanged in the neurosporene or lycopene-forming desaturase
additional information
Rhodobacter azotoformans cntains a carotenogenesis gene cluster with an unusual organization and a phytoene desaturase catalyzing both three- and four-step desaturations. CrtI from Rhodobacter azotoformans CGMCC 6086 can produce three-step desaturated neurosporene and four-step desaturated lycopene as major products, see also EC 1.3.99.31, together with small amounts of five-step desaturated 3,4-didehydrolycopene, EC 1.3.99.30
additional information
-
Rhodobacter azotoformans cntains a carotenogenesis gene cluster with an unusual organization and a phytoene desaturase catalyzing both three- and four-step desaturations. CrtI from Rhodobacter azotoformans CGMCC 6086 can produce three-step desaturated neurosporene and four-step desaturated lycopene as major products, see also EC 1.3.99.31, together with small amounts of five-step desaturated 3,4-didehydrolycopene, EC 1.3.99.30
-
additional information
-
Leu208 is exchanged in the neurosporene or lycopene-forming desaturase
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1,2-epoxyphytoene + acceptor
1,2-epoxyneurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + 2 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 2 reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + FAD
all-trans-neurosporene + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
-
formation of all-trans-neurosporene and two cis-isomers
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
involved in carotenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
intermediates are phytofluene and zeta-carotene. The proportion of all-trans versus cis isomers is about 20% for phytofluene, 46% for zeta-carotene, and 72% for neurosporene
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
the enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + FAD
all-trans-phytofluene + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
at higher concentrations, phytoene is the preferred substrate for CrtI, and neurosporene is produced as the major desaturation product. At lower phytoene concentrations, neurosporene can be further desaturated by CrtI to produce lycopene, EC 1.3.99.31
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
at higher concentrations, phytoene is the preferred substrate for CrtI, and neurosporene is produced as the major desaturation product. At lower phytoene concentrations, neurosporene can be further desaturated by CrtI to produce lycopene, EC 1.3.99.31
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
C30-diapophytoene is not a substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the phytoene desaturase CrtI from Rubrivivax gelatinosus catalyzes simultaneously a three- and four-step desaturation producing both neurosporene and lycopene, determination of kinetic with the L208 modified desaturase and the specificities for phytoene and neurosporene as substrates, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the phytoene desaturase CrtI from Rubrivivax gelatinosus catalyzes simultaneously a three- and four-step desaturation producing both neurosporene and lycopene, determination of kinetic with the L208 modified desaturase and the specificities for phytoene and neurosporene as substrates, overview
-
-
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
all-trans-zeta-carotene + FAD
all-trans-neurosporene + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
involved in carotenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + 3 reduced acceptor
-
the enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
K7WPN7
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
K7WPN7
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + FAD
all-trans-phytofluene + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
lycopene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
lycopene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
K7WPN7
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
K7WPN7
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
G3FHJ1
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
G3FHJ1
at higher concentrations, phytoene is the preferred substrate for CrtI, and neurosporene is produced as the major desaturation product. At lower phytoene concentrations, neurosporene can be further desaturated by CrtI to produce lycopene, EC 1.3.99.31
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
G3FHJ1
at higher concentrations, phytoene is the preferred substrate for CrtI, and neurosporene is produced as the major desaturation product. At lower phytoene concentrations, neurosporene can be further desaturated by CrtI to produce lycopene, EC 1.3.99.31
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the phytoene desaturase CrtI from Rubrivivax gelatinosus catalyzes simultaneously a three- and four-step desaturation producing both neurosporene and lycopene, determination of kinetic with the L208 modified desaturase and the specificities for phytoene and neurosporene as substrates, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the phytoene desaturase CrtI from Rubrivivax gelatinosus catalyzes simultaneously a three- and four-step desaturation producing both neurosporene and lycopene, determination of kinetic with the L208 modified desaturase and the specificities for phytoene and neurosporene as substrates, overview
-
-
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
a low basal reaction is found in the absence of all coenzymes. Upon addition of FAD the activity is stimulated 5-fold. Km-value: 0.0049 mM
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0331
all-trans-neurosporene
-
recombinant wild-type enzyme, pH 8.0, 28°C
0.0417
all-trans-neurosporene
-
recombinant mutant L208P, pH 8.0, 28°C
0.0658
all-trans-neurosporene
-
recombinant mutant L208F, pH 8.0, 28°C
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IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
57000
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene crtI, cloning and expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha
-
gene crtI, cloning of the crt gene cluster crtCDEF, expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
the phytoene desaturase gene, from Rhodobacter capsulatus is functionally complemented with a gene construct from Erwinia uredovora which encodes all enzymes responsible for formation of 15-cis phytoene in Escherichia coli
-
gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
-
gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
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gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
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gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
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gene crtI, phylogenetic tree, co-expression with 5 other enzymes of the carotenoid pathway from Pantoea agglomerans, i.e. IPP isomerase, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene cyclase, beta-carotene hydrolase, and zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase, in Escherichia coli, functional complementation by CrtI of Brevibacterium linens, CGI, CrtI of Corynebacterium glutamicum, RSI, CrtI of Rhodobacter sphaeroides RCI, CrtI of Rhodobacter capsulatus, and RBI, CrtI of Rhodopirellula baltica, and the homologous complementation of CrtI from Pantoea agglomerans with the Pantoea agglomerans carotenogenic module expressing CrtEPAG -CrtBPAG
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
F166I
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mutation changes the product of phytoene desaturation from neurosporene to lycopene
M402T
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mutation has a negative effect on percent lycopene production
V68D
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mutation changes the product of phytoene desaturation from neurosporene to lycopene
L153P/L278P
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered secondary structure and substrate desaturation level with increased lycopene production compared to the wild-type enzyme
L208F
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered secondary structure and substrate desaturation level with increased lycopene production compared to the wild-type enzyme
L208P
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered secondary structure compared to the wild-type enzyme
T256M/D355G/L424P
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered secondary structure and substrate desaturation level with increased lycopene production compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y44C/D53G/P134L/V395A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows altered secondary structure and substrate desaturation level with increased lycopene production compared to the wild-type enzyme
additional information
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
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additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
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additional information
functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
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additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
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additional information
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directed evolution is used to change the product of Rhodobacter sphaeroides phytoene desaturase (crtI gene product), a neurosporene-producing enzyme, to lycopene. Two generations of random mutagenesis are performed, from which three positive mutants are isolated and sequenced. Site-directed mutagenesis is used to determine the effect of each amino acid change
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
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additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
additional information
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functional complementation of heterogeneous phytoene desaturases (CrtIs) from 5 carotenogenic microorganisms, overview
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