Information on EC 1.3.1.92 - artemisinic aldehyde DELTA11(13)-reductase

Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Specify your search results
Select one or more organisms in this record:


The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Artemisia annua

top print hide
EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
1.3.1.92
-
top print hide
RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
artemisinic aldehyde DELTA11(13)-reductase
-
top print hide
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(11R)-dihydroartemisinic aldehyde + NADP+ = artemisinic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
top print hide
PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
artemisinin biosynthesis
-
-
top print hide
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
artemisinic aldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Cloned from Artemisia annua. In addition to the reduction of artemisinic aldehyde it is also able to a lesser extent to reduce artemisinic alcohol and artemisinic acid. Part of the biosyntheis of artemisinin.
top
top print hide
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
top print hide
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
the early steps in artemisinin biosynthesis involve amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylation to artemisinic alcohol, followed by oxidation to artemisinic aldehyde, reduction of the C11-C13 double bond to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde and oxidation to dihydroartemisinic acid
top print hide
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(+)-carvone + NADH + H+
(1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
-
plus about 20% of (1S,4S)-dihydrocarvone
-
?
2-cyclohexen-1-one + NADH + H+
cyclohexanone + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
2E-nonenal + NADH + H+
nonanal + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
about 12% of the activity with artemisinic aldehyde
-
-
?
artemisinic aldehyde + NADH + H+
(11R)-dihydroartemisinic aldehyde + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
artemisinic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
dihydroartemisinic aldehyde + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrate: arteannuin B, artemisinic acid, artemisinic alcohol, artemisitene, coniferyl aldehyde, (2E)-nonenal, alpha-pinene, (+)-pulegone, and sabinone
-
-
-
top print hide
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NADH
-
NADPH is preferred over NADH
NADPH
-
NADPH is preferred over NADH
top print hide
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
miconazole
-
0.2 mM miconazole induce a 2.5-fold increase of artemisinin production after 24 h, but have severe effects on cell viability
top print hide
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.65
(+)-carvone
-
30°C, pH 7.5
0.79
2-cyclohexen-1-one
-
30°C, pH 7.5
0.019
artemisinic aldehyde
-
30°C, pH 7.5
0.77
NADH
-
30°C, pH 7.5
0.095
NADPH
-
30°C, pH 7.5
top print hide
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.86
(+)-carvone
-
30°C, pH 7.5
1.8
2-cyclohexen-1-one
-
30°C, pH 7.5
2.6
artemisinic aldehyde
-
30°C, pH 7.5
1.3
NADH
-
30°C, pH 7.5
2.5
NADPH
-
30°C, pH 7.5
top print hide
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1.3
(+)-carvone
-
30°C, pH 7.5
2.3
2-cyclohexen-1-one
-
30°C, pH 7.5
140
artemisinic aldehyde
-
30°C, pH 7.5
1.7
NADH
-
30°C, pH 7.5
26
NADPH
-
30°C, pH 7.5
top print hide
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
top print hide
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5.5
-
complete inhibition
9
-
about 25% of maximum activity
top print hide
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
flower bud, moderate expression
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
top print hide
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
top print hide
top print hide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
44000
-
gel filtration
top print hide
Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
top print hide
Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
top print hide
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
methyljasmonate does not induce significant changes in the expression of DBR2
-
treatment for 30 min and 4 h with miconazole induces about four- und fivefold upregulation of the DBR2 gene, respectively
-
top print hide
ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
heterologous expression of Artemisia annua amorphadiene synthase and CYP71AV1, the cytochrome P450 responsible for oxidation of amorphadiene, in tobacco lead to the accumulation of amorphadiene and artemisinic alcohol, but not artemisinic acid, in leaf. Additional expression of artemisinic aldehyde DELTA11(13) double-bond reductase with or without aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 leads to the additional accumulation dihydroartemisinic alcohol
top print hide
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
synthesis
-
production of artemisin by incubating a mixture of artemisin precursors from engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a cell-free extract of Artemisia annua. Use of cold-acclimated Artemisia annua cell-free extract gives rise to considerable artemisin content up to 0.65%
top
top
top
LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.3.1.92)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)