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(+)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
(-)-epicatechin + NADH + H+
cyanidin + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R,4R)-2,3-cis-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADP+
2 cyanidin + 4 NADPH + H+
(-)-catechin + (-)-epicatechin + 4 NADP+
-
?
-
?
2 delphinidin + 4 NADPH + H+
(-)-gallocatechin + (-)-epigallocatechin + 4 NADP+
-
?
-
?
2 pelargonidin + 4 NADPH + H+
(-)-afzelechin + (-)-epiafzelechin + 4 NADP+
-
?
-
?
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
the enzyme is involved in formation of condensed tannins. The enzyme competes with anthocyanidin synthase, for the pool of flavan-3,4-diol
-
-
?
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + NADP+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
?
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD+
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
2,3-trans-(2S,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
cyanidin + 2 NADH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NAD+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(-)-catechin + (-)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-2,3-cis-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + catechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NAD(P)+
cyanidin + NADPH
(-)-epicatechin + NAD(P)+
cyanidin + NADPH
epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADH + 2 H+
(-)-epigallocatechin + (-)-gallocatechin + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NAD+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
delphinidin + NADPH
(-)-epigallocatechin + NAD(P)+
-
changes in the concentration of products and coenzyme in the ANR assay are determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPLC, mass spectrometry (MS) and UV spectrophotometry
-
-
?
delphinidin + NADPH
(-)-epigallocatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + cyanidin
NADP+ + (-)-epicatechin
-
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + delphinidin
NADP+ + (-)-epigallocatechin
NADPH + H+ + pelargonidin
NADP+ + (-)-epiafzelechin
-
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + petunidin
NADP+ + ?
-
-
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NAD+
-
?
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(-)-epiafzelechin + (-)-afzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
pelargonidin + NAD(P)H + H+
epiafzelechin + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
-
?
pelargonidin + NADPH + H+
epiafzelechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
petunidin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
? + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R,4R)-2,3-cis-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R,4R)-2,3-cis-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R,4R)-2,3-cis-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol + NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
enzyme of flavonoid pathway involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
enzyme of flavonoid pathway involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-2,3-cis-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-2,3-cis-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-2,3-cis-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NAD(P)+
-
100% activity
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH
(-)-epicatechin + NAD(P)+
-
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH
(-)-epicatechin + NAD(P)+
-
preference of anthocyanidin substrates in decreasing order: cyanidin, pelargonidin and delphinidin
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
ANR1 or ANR2 converts cyanidin to a mixture of (+)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin, although in different proportions, indicating that both enzymes possess epimerase activity
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
changes in the concentration of products and coenzyme in the ANR assay are determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPLC, mass spectrometry (MS) and UV spectrophotometry
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
(-)-epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
preference of anthocyanidin substrates in decreasing order: cyanidin, pelargonidin and delphinidin
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
NADPH + H+ + delphinidin
NADP+ + (-)-epigallocatechin
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + delphinidin
NADP+ + (-)-epigallocatechin
-
-
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
24% activity compared to cyanidin
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(-)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
preference of anthocyanidin substrates in decreasing order: cyanidin, pelargonidin and delphinidin
-
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
additional information
?
-
(2R,3S)-epicatechin is also observed from the catalysis of recombinant CssANRa and CssANRb
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
(2R,3S)-epicatechin is also observed from the catalysis of recombinant CssANRa and CssANRb
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(2R,3S)-epicatechin is also observed from the catalysis of recombinant CssANRa and CssANRb
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
(2R,3S)-epicatechin is also observed from the catalysis of recombinant CssANRa and CssANRb
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate molecular docking analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate molecular docking analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with paeonidin and malvidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrates: paeonidin, malvidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is unable to use delphinidin and perlargonidin as a substrate and does not use NADH as cosubstrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is unable to use delphinidin and perlargonidin as a substrate and does not use NADH as cosubstrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
recombinant enzyme ANR does not generate epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in hairy roots
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
recombinant enzyme ANR does not generate epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in hairy roots
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ANR converts cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols. Enzymatic products include 2S,3R-trans, 2R,3R-cis and probably 2S,3S-cis-flavan-3-ol isomers
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ANR converts cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols. Enzymatic products include 2S,3R-trans, 2R,3R-cis and probably 2S,3S-cis-flavan-3-ol isomers
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the recombinant protein in vitro converts anthocyanidins to 2R,3R-cis-flavan-3-ols and 2S,3R-trans-flavan-3-ols, two stereo configurations at the C2 and C3 positions, such as (-)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin. flavan-3-ols produced from the catalysis of Trx-VbANR result from the reduction activity of VbANR but not Trx. Stereochemistry of the enzyme reaction, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the recombinant protein in vitro converts anthocyanidins to 2R,3R-cis-flavan-3-ols and 2S,3R-trans-flavan-3-ols, two stereo configurations at the C2 and C3 positions, such as (-)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin. flavan-3-ols produced from the catalysis of Trx-VbANR result from the reduction activity of VbANR but not Trx. Stereochemistry of the enzyme reaction, overview
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
2 cyanidin + 4 NADPH + H+
(-)-catechin + (-)-epicatechin + 4 NADP+
-
?
-
?
2 delphinidin + 4 NADPH + H+
(-)-gallocatechin + (-)-epigallocatechin + 4 NADP+
-
?
-
?
2 pelargonidin + 4 NADPH + H+
(-)-afzelechin + (-)-epiafzelechin + 4 NADP+
-
?
-
?
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H + H+
the enzyme is involved in formation of condensed tannins. The enzyme competes with anthocyanidin synthase, for the pool of flavan-3,4-diol
-
-
?
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NAD(P)H + H+
-
-
-
?
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD+
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
cyanidin + NADPH + H+
epicatechin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
additional information
?
-
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NADPH + H+
a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
enzyme of flavonoid pathway involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins
-
-
?
anthocyanidin + NAD(P)H
2,3-cis-flavan-3-ol + NAD(P)+
-
enzyme of flavonoid pathway involved in the biosynthesis of condensed tannins
-
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
-
?
-
?
cyanidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epicatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
delphinidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epigallocatechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
pelargonidin + 2 NADPH + H+
(2R,3R)-epiafzelechin + 2 NADP+
-
?
-
?
additional information
?
-
recombinant enzyme ANR does not generate epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in hairy roots
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
recombinant enzyme ANR does not generate epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in hairy roots
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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malfunction
-
ectopic expression of CsANR2 leads to the accumulation of low levels of proanthocyanidin precursors and their conjugates in Medicago truncatula hairy roots and anthocyanin-overproducing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), but levels of oligomeric proanthocyanidins are low
malfunction
-
overexpression of PtrANR1 in poplar results in a significant increase in proanthocyanidin levels but no impact on catechin levels. Antisense down-regulation of PtrANR1 shows reduced proanthocyanidin accumulation in transgenic lines, but increased levels of anthocyanin content
malfunction
-
overexpression of tea dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) proteins in transgenic tobacco induces early flowering and improves seed yield. The CsDFR/CsANR overexpression increases the accumulation of flavonoids, thereby improves antioxidant potential and redox state of transgenic tobacco plants. Improved antioxidant potential upon CsDFR and CsANR overexpression in transgenic tobacco provides biotic stress tolerance against Spodoptera litura
malfunction
-
enzyme knockout ANRi birches show decreased growth and reduction in proanthocyanidins content, while the accumulation of total phenolics in both stems and leaves increase. ANRi birches produce more resin glands than do wild-type birches. The response of ANRi birches to N depletion varies compared with that of wild-type birches, and in particular, the concentrations of some phenolics in stems increase in wild-type birches and decrease in ANRi birches. Because the inhibition of proanthocyanidins biosynthesis via ANR seriously affects birch growth and results in accumulation of the precursors, the native level of proanthocyanidins in plant tissues is assumed to be the prerequisite for normal plant growth. Phenotypes, overview
malfunction
loss of function ANR mutants show large reductions in both soluble and insoluble proanthocyanidins in seeds compared to wild-type, as well as low amounts of epicatechin and its 3'-O-glucoside in the anr-1 mutant. The seeds of anr mutants are darkred resulting from redirected metabolic flow from anthocyanidin to anthocyanin
malfunction
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108
-
loss of function ANR mutants show large reductions in both soluble and insoluble proanthocyanidins in seeds compared to wild-type, as well as low amounts of epicatechin and its 3'-O-glucoside in the anr-1 mutant. The seeds of anr mutants are darkred resulting from redirected metabolic flow from anthocyanidin to anthocyanin
-
metabolism
anthocyanidin reductase is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
metabolism
-
anthocyanidin reductase is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
metabolism
-
anthocyanidin reductase is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
metabolism
-
anthocyanidin reductase is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
metabolism
the enzyme is important in biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) such as catechin and epicatechin, the proanthocyanidin pathway exists as ametabolic channel associated with cellular membranes
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyze the formation of catechins and epicatechins from leucoanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins, respectively, overview
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by forming (-)-epicatechin, which polymerizes to proanthocyanidins, overview
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by forming (-)-epicatechin, which polymerizes to proanthocyanidins, overview. The enzymes leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) provide two separate pathways for the synthesis of the units for proanthocyanidin polymers. Catechins are derived from leucocyanidin by the catalyzation of LAR, while epicatechins are synthesized from cyanidin by ANR
metabolism
transcriptomic analysis of these transgenic Nicotiana tabacum lines indicate that RrANR overexpression induces global transcriptomic changes, including those involved in oxidation/reduction, hormone response and secondary metabolism. Genes related to abscisic acid biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging are upregulated in RrANR transgenic lines, and the effects are phenocopied by the direct treatment of tobacco plants with proanthocyanidins and abscisic acid. Overexpression of RrANR results in an increase in plant tolerance to oxidative stress via increased scavenging of ROS and modulation ofthe abscisic acid signaling pathway
metabolism
-
key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidin
metabolism
the enzymes catalyzes the last steps of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis
metabolism
-
anthocyanidin reductase is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
-
physiological function
ANR is a key enzyme of procyanidin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed
physiological function
overexpression of ANR in banyuls mutants reconstructs the biosynthetic pathway of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat
physiological function
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) and plays a role in the plant stress response , mechanism by which ANR confers stress tolerance in plants, overview. Rosa rugosa anthocyanidin reductase overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum enhances tobacco tolerance to abiotic stress through increased reactive oxygen species scavenging and modulation of abscisic acid signaling
physiological function
anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is an NADPH-/NADH-dependent enzyme that transfers two hydrides to anthocyanidins to produce three types of isomeric flavan-3-ols
physiological function
anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), together with leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3), plays an important role in the monomeric units biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) such as catechin and epicatechin in several plants. ANR and LAR levels in tartary buckwheat might be regulated by different mechanisms for catechin and epicatechin biosynthesis under light and dark conditions. The catechin content is correlated with color pigment in roots
physiological function
the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in upland cotton
physiological function
the enzyme converts anthocyanidins into nonalloylated catechins. The majority of leaf flavan-3-ols in Shuchazao's leaves are produced from the ANR pathway
physiological function
the enzyme converts anthocyanidins into nonalloylated catechins. The majority of leaf flavan-3-ols in Shuchazao's leaves are produced from the ANR pathway
physiological function
the expression of ANR is co-regulated by MYB transcriptional factor, and it is positively correlated
physiological function
the relationship between the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is analyzed in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crab apples showing that transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes are significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
physiological function
-
the relationship between the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is analyzed in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crab apples showing that transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes are significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
physiological function
-
the relationship between the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is analyzed in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crab apples showing that transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes are significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
physiological function
-
the relationship between the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is analyzed in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crab apples showing that transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes are significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
physiological function
-
the relationship between the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, EC 1.17.1.3) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is analyzed in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crab apples showing that transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 genes are significantly correlated with the contents of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, which suggests their active roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
-
physiological function
-
ANR is a key enzyme of procyanidin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed
-
additional information
flavonoid content in wild and cultivated apples, overview
additional information
flavonoid content in wild and cultivated apples, overview
additional information
-
flavonoid content in wild and cultivated apples, overview
additional information
-
flavonoid content in wild and cultivated apples, overview
additional information
-
flavonoid content in wild and cultivated apples, overview
additional information
the putative enzymatic activity triad is composed of Ser136, Tyr173, and Lys177
additional information
-
the putative enzymatic activity triad is composed of Ser136, Tyr173, and Lys177
additional information
three-dimensional structure modeling and analysis, substrate molecular docking
additional information
-
three-dimensional structure modeling and analysis, substrate molecular docking
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constitutive expression of the enzyme under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis. Tobacco lines expressing the enzyme from Medicago trunculata lose the pink flower pigmentation characteristics of wild-type and empty vector control plants
expressed in Escherichia coli
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS cells and Arabidopsis thaliana
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21
-
expressed in Escherichia coli. Overexpressed in Nicotiana tabacum and Medicago truncatula for functional analysis
-
expressed in Escherichia coli. To investigate the function of PtrANR1, the open reading frame in sense or antisense orientation is introduced into Populus tomentosa Carr. plants for ectopic expression under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, respectively
-
expressed in Malus domestica via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation
-
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein
expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
for expression in Escherichia coli cells
gene ANR, cloned from dormant bud-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) library, DNA and amino acid sequence analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, semiquantitative RT-PCR expression analysis
gene anr, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, cloned from two cultivars, Hokkai T8 and T10, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene ANR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His-Trx-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana ban mutant
gene ANR1, co-overexpression with leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, semiquantitative expression analysis
gene ANR1, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene ANR2, co-overexpression with leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, semiquantitative expression analysis
gene ANR2, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene ANRa, cloned from leaves, recombinant expression of His-tagged ANRa, recombinant overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum leaves leading to the formation of proanthocyanidins in flowers and the reduction of anthocyanins
gene ANRb, cloned from leaves, recombinant expression of His-tagged ANRa, recombinant overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum leaves leading to the formation of proanthocyanidins in flowers and the reduction of anthocyanins
gene BAN, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and genetic mapping, phylogenetic tree, overview
gene BAN, overexpression of the enzyme in Medicago truncatula hairy roots. Recombinant enzyme ANR does not generate epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in hairy roots
gene BpANR, sequence comparisons, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis
-
gene FeANR, cloned from leaves, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GhANR1, cloned from developing fibers, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, ectopic expression of GhANR11 in the Arabidopsis thaliana ban mutant, via transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105, allows for the reconstruction of the ANR pathway and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed coat, recombinant expression of His-Trx-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
genes ANR1 and ANR2, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
genetic transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with the Arabidopsis TT2 MYB transcription factor results in ectopic expression of the BANYULS gene, encoding anthocyanidin reductase, AHA10 encoding a P-type proton-pump and TT12 encoding a transporter involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. When coupled with constitutive expression of PAP1, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, TT2 expression in Arabidopsis leads to the accumulation of proanthocyanidins, but only in a subset of cells in which the BANYULS promoter is naturally expressed. Ectopic expression of the maize Lc MYC transcription factor weakly induces AHA10 but does not induce BANYULS, TT12 or accumulation of proanthocyanidins
-
overexpression of gene ANR under control of the CaMV35S promoter via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transformation, real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis, a number of genes encoding stress-responsivefunctional proteins are upregulated in the RrANR-overexpressing tobacco lines, phenotype, detailed overview. Rosa rugosa anthocyanidin reductase overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum enhances tobacco tolerance to abiotic stress through increased reactive oxygen species scavenging and modulation of abscisic acid signaling
recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein
-
expression in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein
-
gene BAN, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and genetic mapping, phylogenetic tree, overview
gene BAN, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and genetic mapping, phylogenetic tree, overview
gene BAN, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and genetic mapping, phylogenetic tree, overview
gene BAN, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and genetic mapping, phylogenetic tree, overview
gene BAN, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and genetic mapping, phylogenetic tree, overview
genes ANR1 and ANR2, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
-
genes ANR1 and ANR2, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
-
genes ANR1 and ANR2, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
-
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Xie, D.Y.; Sharma, S.B.; Paiva, N.L.; Ferreira, D.; Dixon, R.A.
Role of anthocyanidin reductase, encoded by BANYULS in plant flavonoid biosynthesis
Science
299
396-399
2003
Medicago truncatula (Q84XT1), Medicago truncatula
brenda
Xie, D.Y.; Sharma, S.B.; Dixon, R.A.
Anthocyanidin reductases from Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
422
91-102
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula
brenda
Punyasiri, P.A.; Abeysinghe, I.S.; Kumar, V.; Treutter, D.; Duy, D.; Gosch, C.; Martens, S.; Forkmann, G.; Fischer, T.C.
Flavonoid biosynthesis in the tea plant Camellia sinensis: properties of enzymes of the prominent epicatechin and catechin pathways
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
431
22-30
2004
Camellia sinensis
brenda
Sharma, S.B.; Dixon, R.A.
Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins by ectopic expression of transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
44
62-75
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Xie, D.Y.; Sharma, S.B.; Wright, E.; Wang, Z.Y.; Dixon, R.A.
Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins through co-expression of anthocyanidin reductase and the PAP1 MYB transcription factor
Plant J.
45
895-907
2006
Medicago truncatula
brenda
Paolocci, F.; Robbins, M.P.; Madeo, L.; Arcioni, S.; Martens, S.; Damiani, F.
Ectopic expression of a basic helix-loop-helix gene transactivates parallel pathways of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. structure, expression analysis, and genetic control of leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase genes in Lotus corniculatus
Plant Physiol.
143
504-516
2007
Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG2), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG3), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG4), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG5), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG6), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG7), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG8)
brenda
Pfeiffer, J.; Kuehnel, C.; Brandt, J.; Duy, D.; Punyasiri, P.A.; Forkmann, G.; Fischer, T.C.
Biosynthesis of flavan 3-ols by leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductases and anthocyanidin reductases in leaves of grape (Vitis vinifera L.), apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and other crops
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
44
323-334
2006
Persea americana, Coffea arabica, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Taxus baccata, Rosa hybrid cultivar, Hypericum perforatum, Prunus cerasus
brenda
Xiao, Y.H.; Zhang, Z.S.; Yin, M.H.; Luo, M.; Li, X.B.; Hou, L.; Pei, Y.
Cotton flavonoid structural genes related to the pigmentation in brown fibers
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
358
73-78
2007
Gossypium hirsutum (A2IBG2)
brenda
Almeida, J.R.; DAmico, E.; Preuss, A.; Carbone, F.; de Vos, C.H.; Deiml, B.; Mourgues, F.; Perrotta, G.; Fischer, T.C.; Bovy, A.G.; Martens, S.; Rosati, C.
Characterization of major enzymes and genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
465
61-71
2007
Fragaria x ananassa
brenda
Yuan, T.; Fujioka, S.; Takatsuto, S.; Matsumoto, S.; Gou, X.; He, K.; Russell, S.D.; Li, J.
BEN1, a gene encoding a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)-like protein, regulates the levels of brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
51
220-233
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Griesser, M.; Hoffmann, T.; Bellido, M.L.; Rosati, C.; Fink, B.; Kurtzer, R.; Aharoni, A.; Munoz-Blanco, J.; Schwab, W.
Redirection of flavonoid biosynthesis through the down-regulation of an anthocyanidin glucosyltransferase in ripening strawberry fruit
Plant Physiol.
146
1528-1539
2008
Fragaria x ananassa
brenda
Ikegami, A.; Eguchi, S.; Kitajima, A.; Inoue, K.; Yonemori, K.
Identification of genes involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit
Plant Sci.
172
1037-1047
2007
Diospyros kaki (A4PB65)
brenda
Li, H.; Flachowsky, H.; Fischer, T.C.; Hanke, M.V.; Forkmann, G.; Treutter, D.; Schwab, W.; Hoffmann, T.; Szankowski, I.
Maize Lc transcription factor enhances biosynthesis of anthocyanins, distinct proanthocyanidins and phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Planta
226
1243-1254
2007
Zea mays
brenda
Singh, K.; Rani, A.; Paul, A.; Dutt, S.; Joshi, R.; Gulati, A.; Ahuja, P.S.; Kumar, S.
Differential display mediated cloning of anthocyanidin reductase gene from tea (Camellia sinensis) and its relationship with the concentration of epicatechins
Tree Physiol.
29
837-846
2009
Camellia sinensis (Q6DV46), Camellia sinensis
brenda
Auger, B.; Baron, C.; Lucas, M.O.; Vautrin, S.; Berges, H.; Chalhoub, B.; Fautrel, A.; Renard, M.; Nesi, N.
Brassica orthologs from BANYULS belong to a small multigene family, which is involved in procyanidin accumulation in the seed
Planta
230
1167-1183
2009
Brassica napus (D0QXI9), Brassica napus (D0QXJ0), Brassica napus (D0QXJ1), Brassica napus (D0QXJ2), Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea (D0QXJ3), Brassica oleracea (D0QXJ3 and D0QXJ4), Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa (D0QXJ5), Brassica rapa, Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (D0QXJ6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SEV0), Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus Westar (D0QXI9), Arabidopsis thaliana Wassilevskija-2 ecotype (Q9SEV0)
brenda
Kovinich, N.; Saleem, A.; Arnason, J.T.; Miki, B.
Identification of two anthocyanidin reductase genes and three red-brown soybean accessions with reduced anthocyanidin reductase 1 mRNA, activity, and seed coat proanthocyanidin amounts
J. Agric. Food Chem.
60
574-584
2012
Glycine max
brenda
Zhang, X.; Liu, Y.; Gao, K.; Zhao, L.; Liu, L.; Wang, Y.; Sun, M.; Gao, L.; Xia, T.
Characterisation of anthocyanidin reductase from Shuchazao green tea
J. Sci. Food Agric.
92
1533-1539
2012
Camellia sinensis
brenda
Pang, Y.; Abeysinghe, I.S.; He, J.; He, X.; Huhman, D.; Mewan, K.M.; Sumner, L.W.; Yun, J.; Dixon, R.A.
Functional characterization of proanthocyanidin pathway enzymes from tea and their application for metabolic engineering
Plant Physiol.
161
1103-1116
2013
Camellia sinensis
brenda
Wang, L.; Jiang, Y.; Yuan, L.; Lu, W.; Yang, L.; Karim, A.; Luo, K.
Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase and anthocyanidin reductase from Populus trichocarpa
PLoS ONE
8
e64664
2013
Populus trichocarpa
brenda
Kumar, V.; Nadda, G.; Kumar, S.; Yadav, S.
Transgenic Tobacco overexpressing tea cDNA encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase induces early flowering and provides biotic stress tolerance
PLoS ONE
8
e65535
2013
Camellia sinensis
brenda
Zhu, Y.; Peng, Q.; Li, K.; Xie, D.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from Vitis bellula
Planta
240
381-398
2014
Vitis bellula (H9TZS7), Vitis bellula
brenda
Kumar, V.; Yadav, S.K.
Pyramiding of tea dihydroflavonol reductase and anthocyanidin reductase increases flavan-3-ols and improves protective ability under stress conditions in tobacco
3 Biotech
7
177
2017
Camellia sinensis (F8V3W3), Camellia sinensis (H9LBK6), Camellia sinensis
brenda
Thirugnanasambantham, K.; Muralidaran, S.; Mandal, A.K.
Molecular cloning, computational and expression analysis of anthocyanidin reductase in tea (Camellia sinensis)
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
174
130-145
2014
Camellia sinensis (F4YFD2), Camellia sinensis
brenda
Liao, L.; Vimolmangkang, S.; Wei, G.; Zhou, H.; Korban, S.S.; Han, Y.
Molecular characterization of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
Front. Plant Sci.
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243
2015
Malus sikkimensis, Malus prunifolia, Malus asiatica, Malus domestica (G1E6S8), Malus domestica (Q45VV4), Malus asiatica Nakai
brenda
Matsui, K.; Hisano, T.; Yasui, Y.; Mori, M.; Walker, A.R.; Morishita, T.; Katsu, K.
Isolation and characterization of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (FeLAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (FeANR) in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
J. Plant Physiol.
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41-47
2016
Fagopyrum esculentum (A0A1B4ZAX4)
brenda
Zhao, L.; Jiang, X.L.; Qian, Y.M.; Wang, P.Q.; Xie, D.Y.; Gao, L.P.; Xia, T.
Metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar in the Field
Molecules
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2241
2017
Camellia sinensis (Q5VLQ4), Camellia sinensis
brenda
Zhao, L.; Jiang, X.L.; Qian, Y.M.; Wang, P.Q.; Xie, D.Y.; Gao, L.P.; Xia, T.
Metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar in the Field
Molecules
22
E2241
2017
Camellia sinensis (Q6DV46), Camellia sinensis
brenda
Liu, C.; Wang, X.; Shulaev, V.; Dixon, R.A.
A role for leucoanthocyanidin reductase in the extension of proanthocyanidins
Nat. Plants
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16182
2016
Medicago truncatula (Q84XT1), Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 (Q84XT1)
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Kosonen, M.; Laennenpaeae, M.; Ratilainen, M.; Kontunen-Soppela, S.; Julkunen-Tiitto, R.
Decreased anthocyanidin reductase expression strongly decreases silver birch (Betula pendula) growth and alters accumulation of phenolics
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384-399
2015
Betula pendula
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Luo, P.; Shen, Y.; Jin, S.; Huang, S.; Cheng, X.; Wang, Z.; Li, P.; Zhao, J.; Bao, M.; Ning, G.
Overexpression of Rosa rugosa anthocyanidin reductase enhances tobacco tolerance to abiotic stress through increased ROS scavenging and modulation of ABA signaling
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Rosa rugosa (A0A0C5DIU7), Rosa rugosa
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Zhu, Y.; Peng, Q.Z.; Li, K.G.; Xie, D.Y.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from Vitis bellula
Planta
240
381-398
2014
Vitis bellula (H9TZS7), Vitis bellula
brenda
Zhu, Y.; Wang, H.; Peng, Q.; Tang, Y.; Xia, G.; Wu, J.; Xie, D.Y.
Functional characterization of an anthocyanidin reductase gene from the fibers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Planta
241
1075-1089
2015
Gossypium hirsutum (A2IBG2)
brenda
Kim, Y.B.; Thwe, A.A.; Kim, Y.; Li, X.; Cho, J.W.; Park, P.B.; Valan Arasu, M.; Abdullah Al-Dhabi, N.; Kim, S.J.; Suzuki, T.; Hyun Jho, K.; Park, S.U.
Transcripts of anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase and measurement of catechin and epicatechin in tartary buckwheat
ScientificWorldJournal
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726567
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Fagopyrum tataricum (V9PJG5)
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Valinas, M.A.; Lanteri, M.L.; Ten Have, A.; Andreu, A.B.
Chlorogenic acid, anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in flesh and skin of Andean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena)
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Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigenum
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Ullah, C.; Unsicker, S.B.; Reichelt, M.; Gershenzon, J.; Hammerbacher, A.
Accumulation of catechin and proanthocyanidins in black poplar stems after infection by Plectosphaerella populi hormonal regulation, biosynthesis and antifungal activity
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Populus nigra
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Biochemical and functional characterization of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) from Mangifera indica L.
Molecules
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Mangifera indica (A0A3Q8GZM8), Mangifera indica (A0A3S7R533)
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Wang, P.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, W.; Hou, H.; Zhao, Y.; Jiang, X.; Yu, J.; Tan, H.; Wang, Y.; Xie, D.Y.; Gao, L.; Xia, T.
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2020
Camellia sinensis
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Flavan-3-ols are an effective chemical defense against rust infection
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175
1560-1578
2017
Populus nigra (A0A1Y0DT44), Populus nigra (A0A1Y0DT45)
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Jun, J.H.; Lu, N.; Docampo-Palacios, M.; Wang, X.; Dixon, R.A.
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