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drug target
sorangicin A inhibits the wild-type and mutant RNA polymerase through different mechanisms. It has a better pharmacokinetic profile than rifampicin, making it a suitable starting molecule to design drugs to be used for the treatment of tuberculosis patients with comorbidities who require multiple medications
drug target
sorangicin A inhibits the wild-type and mutant RNA polymerase through different mechanisms. It has a better pharmacokinetic profile than rifampicin, making it a suitable starting molecule to design drugs to be used for the treatment of tuberculosis patients with comorbidities who require multiple medications
drug target
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the template-DNA binding site is a target site for developing antibacterial agents
drug target
the template-DNA binding site is a target site for developing antibacterial agents
drug target
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sorangicin A inhibits the wild-type and mutant RNA polymerase through different mechanisms. It has a better pharmacokinetic profile than rifampicin, making it a suitable starting molecule to design drugs to be used for the treatment of tuberculosis patients with comorbidities who require multiple medications
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drug target
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sorangicin A inhibits the wild-type and mutant RNA polymerase through different mechanisms. It has a better pharmacokinetic profile than rifampicin, making it a suitable starting molecule to design drugs to be used for the treatment of tuberculosis patients with comorbidities who require multiple medications
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evolution
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human mitochondrial RNA polymerase is distantly related to the bacteriophage T7 class of single-subunit RNAPs with a probably similar mechanisms for nucleotide binding, substrate selection and catalysis/nucleotidyl transfer. The C-terminal domain contains the regions of highest similarity to the phage RNAPs. Early in the evolution of eukaryotes there has been a switch from a multi-subunit prokaryotic polymerase to a single-subunit, phage-derived polymerase, encoded in the nuclear genome and imported into the mitochondria, to serve as the transcriptase of the mitochondrial genome. The POLRMT CTD is characteristic of the Pol I family of nucleic acid polymerases, typically described as resembling the shape of a cupped right hand, containing the fingers, palm and thumb subdomains. The palm subdomain contains several key structural motifs that are highly conserved among the different classes of nucleic acid polymerases
evolution
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Rpo41 utilizes a promoter recognition loop to bind and recognize its promoter, analogous to the use of the specificity loop by T7 RNAP for this purpose
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
'Gomphocarpus physocarpus' phytoplasma
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
'Zea mays' phytoplasma
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
evolution
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the rpo genes that encode the enzyme subunits, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2, are relatively rapidly evolving sequences. Determination of the rate of the molecular evolution of rpo genes and to evaluation as phylogenetic markers on the example of the genus Lamium, Lamiaceae, represented by 66 specimens. Distribution of substitution rates across rpo genes as calculated in HyPhy using the GTR model of evolution, overview. The process of evolution of the RNA polymerase type I enzyme in genus Lamium is due not only to the genetic drift
evolution
Spbetavirus SPbeta
YonO and related proteins present in various bacteria and bacteriophages have diverged from msRNAPs before the Last Universal Common Ancestor, and, thus, may resemble the single-subunit ancestor of all multi-subunit RNA polymerases
evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
-
evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
'Spiraea sp.' phytoplasma Spiraea stunt
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
'Zea mays' phytoplasma Maize bushy stunt
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
'Gomphocarpus physocarpus' phytoplasma Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
'Capsicum annuum' phytoplasma Candidatus Phytoplasma solani
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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evolution
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genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of gene rpoB encoding the beta subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase of phytoplasmas from different plant origins, detailed overview
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malfunction
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DNA topoisomerase I inhibition by camptothecin induces escape of RNA polymerase II from promoter-proximal pause site, antisense transcription and histone acetylation at the human HIF-1alpha gene locus
malfunction
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reverse translocation, i.e. backtracking, by a distance of one or more nucleotides disrupts the configuration of the catalytic center, leading to a temporary, spontaneously resolved, halt of the RNAP, called pausing, or to a transition into an irreversible arrested state. The latter can be restored to functionality by the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA or by pushing the backtracked complex from behind. Non-backtracked paused complexes are also described for bacterial RNAPs, where addition of the incoming NTP is hindered owing to isomerization of the active site into an inactive conformation
malfunction
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reverse translocation, i.e. backtracking, by a distance of one or more nucleotides disrupts the configuration of the catalytic center, leading to a temporary, spontaneously resolved, halt of the RNAP, called pausing, or to a transition into an irreversible arrested state. The latter can be restored to functionality by the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA or by pushing the backtracked complex from behind. Non-backtracked paused complexes are also described for bacterial RNAPs, where addition of the incoming NTP is hindered owing to isomerization of the active site into an inactive conformation
malfunction
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reverse translocation, i.e. backtracking, by a distance of one or more nucleotides disrupts the configuration of the catalytic center, leading to a temporary, spontaneously resolved, halt of the RNAP, called pausing, or to a transition into an irreversible arrested state. The latter can be restored to functionality by the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA or by pushing the backtracked complex from behind. Non-backtracked paused complexes are also described for bacterial RNAPs, where addition of the incoming NTP is hindered owing to isomerization of the active site into an inactive conformation
malfunction
-
reverse translocation, i.e. backtracking, by a distance of one or more nucleotides disrupts the configuration of the catalytic center, leading to a temporary, spontaneously resolved, halt of the RNAP, called pausing, or to a transition into an irreversible arrested state. The latter can be restored to functionality by the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA or by pushing the backtracked complex from behind. Non-backtracked paused complexes are also described for bacterial RNAPs, where addition of the incoming NTP is hindered owing to isomerization of the active site into an inactive conformation
malfunction
-
reverse translocation, i.e. backtracking, by a distance of one or more nucleotides disrupts the configuration of the catalytic center, leading to a temporary, spontaneously resolved, halt of the RNAP, called pausing, or to a transition into an irreversible arrested state. The latter can be restored to functionality by the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA or by pushing the backtracked complex from behind. Non-backtracked paused complexes are also described for bacterial RNAPs, where addition of the incoming NTP is hindered owing to isomerization of the active site into an inactive conformation
malfunction
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at lower concentrations, pyrimidine nucleoside analogs have the potential to more easily inhibit mitochondrial transcription and mediate toxicity, given the ability to be readily phosphorylated and serve as efficient substrates for the enzyme
malfunction
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mutant Sc Rpb2 R512C is slow in elongation
malfunction
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R428A RNAP is instable
malfunction
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replication intermediates associated with an unusually prolonged delay in the initiation of second strand DNA synthesis are enhanced by combined shRNA and dsRNA POLRMT gene silencing
malfunction
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suppression of subunit RPC32alpha expression by siRNAs impedes anchorage-independent growth of HeLa cells, whereas ectopic expression of RPC32alpha in IMR90 fibroblasts enhances cell transformation and dramatically changes the expression of several tumor-related mRNAs and that of a subset of Pol III RNAs
malfunction
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rDNA silencing is attenuated by loss of Pol I subunits or insertion of an ectopic Pol I terminator within the adjacent rDNA gene. Silencing left of the rDNA array is naturally attenuated by the presence of only one intact Fob1 binding site (Ter2). Repair of the 2nd Fob1 binding site (Ter1) dramatically strengthens silencing such that it is no longer impacted by local Pol I transcription defects. Global loss of Pol I activity, negatively affects Fob1 association with the rDNA. Loss of Ter2 almost completely eliminates localized silencing, but is restored by artificially targeting Fob1 or Sir2 as Gal4 DNA binding domain fusions
malfunction
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rDNA silencing is attenuated by loss of Pol I subunits or insertion of an ectopic Pol I terminator within the adjacent rDNA gene. Silencing left of the rDNA array is naturally attenuated by the presence of only one intact Fob1 binding site (Ter2). Repair of the 2nd Fob1 binding site (Ter1) dramatically strengthens silencing such that it is no longer impacted by local Pol I transcription defects. Global loss of Pol I activity, negatively affects Fob1 association with the rDNA. Loss of Ter2 almost completely eliminates localized silencing, but is restored by artificially targeting Fob1 or Sir2 as Gal4 DNA binding domain fusions
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physiological function
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detailed overview
physiological function
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detailed overview
physiological function
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Pol II is the eukaryotic enzyme that is responsible for transcribing all protein-coding genes into mRNA. The mRNA-transcription cycle can be divided into three stages: initiation, elongation and termination. During elongation, Pol II moves along a DNA template and synthesizes a complementary RNA chain in a processive manner
physiological function
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POLRMT is a key molecule of the core complex of the mitochondrial transcription machinery which assembles at promoter sequences on both strands of mtDNA, termed the L-strand promoter and H-strand promoter
physiological function
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RNA pol III is involved in regulating the growth rate of cells
physiological function
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RNA polymerase II has a regulatory function on nucleoside triphosphate synthesis, mutations of RNA polymerase II activate key genes of the nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic pathways, overview
physiological function
RNA polymerase II is the central enzyme of eukaryotic gene expression machinery, analysis of regulation mechanisms of transcription via protein-protein interactions within the Pol II apparatus, overview
physiological function
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RNAP is an exceptionally complex enzyme that can be thought of as the engine of gene expression
physiological function
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RNAP is an exceptionally complex enzyme that can be thought of as the engine of gene expression
physiological function
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RNAP-II is essential for gene expression in metazoa
physiological function
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the enzyme can be involved in both replication and integration processes of these plasmid in the mitochondrial genome
physiological function
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the enzyme from Zea mays exhibits a role in genome-wide and small RNA-associated gene silencing, but is not essential for the plant, PolIV is involved in paramutation, an inherited epigenetic change facilitated by an interaction of two alleles, overview
physiological function
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increased Pol III transcription accompanies or causes cell transformation. RPC32beta subunit-containing isozyme Pol IIIbeta is ubiquitously expressed and essential for growth of human cells. RPC32alpha subunit-containing isozyme Pol IIIalpha is dispensable for cell survival, with expression being restricted to undifferentiated ES cells and to tumor cells. Dramatic changes in 5S RNA, U6 RNA, and 7SKRNA expression are specifically caused by ectopic expression of RPC32alpha and not due to a general deregulation of transcription
physiological function
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mitochondrial DNA is replicated by a unique enzymatic machinery involving the POLRMT-mediated initiation of primer synthesis from a poly-dT stretch in the single-stranded loop region of the light-strand origin of DNA replication, when the single-stranded origin of DNA replication is exposed and adopts a stem-loop structure. The poly-dT repeat region of origin of DNA replication is an essential element for primer synthesis. POLRMT can function as an origin-specific primase in mammalian mitochondria, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme activates genes for high affinity nutrient scavenging and motility
physiological function
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the enzyme is required for expression of 13 subunits of the respiratory chain complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and rRNAs and tRNAs, required for mitochondrial translation. Rpo41 can initiate transcription from negatively supercoiled templates and pre-melted promoter substrates in the absence of the yeast mitochondrial transcription factor, Mtf1. Mechanisms and species specificity for promoter recognition, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme is required for expression of 13 subunits of the respiratory chain complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and two rRNAs and 22 tRNAs, required for mitochondrial translation. In addition to its role in transcription, in the mitochondria, POLRMT serves as the primase for mitochondrial DNA replication. Mechanisms and species specificity for promoter recognition, overview. Complex formation between the enzyme and the other transcription factors at the promoter, the structural elements of the enzyme are repositioned in such a way as to allow for specific promoter recognition, open complex formation and transcription initiation
physiological function
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RNA polymerase binds to the promoter regions of the gdh, rrnC, and rrnE genes encoding glutamate dehydrogenase and rRNA and activates their transcription
physiological function
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active Pol I transcription is critical for silencing of Pol II transcription within the rDNA. Sir2 is recruited to the rDNA promoter through interactions with RNA polymerase I, Sir2 suppresses RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-transcribed genes embedded within the yeast rDNA locus, i.e. rDNA silencing. Fob1 and Pol Imake independent contributions to establishment of silencing, though Pol I also reinforces Fob1-dependent silencing
physiological function
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basal transcriptional activity and RNAPII DNA binding might be associated with the O-GlcNAcylation and/or phosphorylation state of RNAPII, which can involve changed association with other transcription factors during inflammation
physiological function
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binding of the termination factor Nsi1 to its cognate DNA site is sufficient to terminate RNA polymerase I transcription in vitro and to induce termination in vivo. Nsi1 contains Myb-like DNA binding domains and associates in vivo near the 3' end of rRNA genes to rDNA
physiological function
plastid genes are transcribed by two types of RNA polymerases: a plastid-encoded eubacterial-type RNA polymerase and nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerases, spatio-temporal expression of plastid RNA polymerase. The association of plastid RNA polymerase with photosynthesis-related genes is reduced during the dark period, indicating that plastome-wide plastid RNA polymerase-DNA association is a light-dependent process
physiological function
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RNA polymerase III regulates the presence of cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrids and miRNA biogenesis in various human cells. RNA:DNA hybrids exist in the cytosol of various human cells and are mediated by RNA polymerase III, which regulates the microRNA machinery, cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrids may have physiological relevance to miRNA machinery and RNA transport, miRNA expression analysis, RNA transport and mRNA surveillance pathways are potential targets of Pol III-modulated miRNAs, overview. Inhibition of the DNA damage response has no effect on the presence of RNA:DNA hybrids in the cytosol, and the levels of cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrids are not modulated by genotoxic replication inhibitors
physiological function
RNA polymerase plays a crucial role in gene expression in all organisms. It is a multiprotein complex that produces primary transcript RNA from a DNA template
physiological function
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RNA polymerase type I (plastid-encoded polymerase, PEP) is one of the key chloroplast enzymes
physiological function
the enzyme subunits interact with CedA, a multi-copy suppressor which represses the dnaAcos inhibition of cell division. DnaAcos is a mutant of the initiator DnaA that causes overinitiation of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli resulting in inhibition of cell division. Determination of the binding site of CedA for RNA polymerase and examination of the binding functions involved in cell division reactivation
physiological function
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the yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase and transcription factor complex catalyzes efficient priming of DNA synthesis on single-stranded DNA. Primases are specialized DNA-dependent RNA polymerases that synthesize short oligoribonucleotides de novo on single-stranded (ss) DNA templates
physiological function
gene transcription is carried out by multi-subunit RNA polymerase. Transcription initiation is a dynamic multi-step process that involves the opening of the double-stranded DNA to form a transcription bubble and delivery of the template strand deep into the RNAP for RNA synthesis. Transcription bubble is stabilized by a helix separating the two DNA strands
physiological function
Spbetavirus SPbeta
the enzyme specifically transcribes its late genes of Bacillus phage SPbeta
physiological function
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transcriptional bursting is caused by interplay between RNA polymerases on DNA
physiological function
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binding of the termination factor Nsi1 to its cognate DNA site is sufficient to terminate RNA polymerase I transcription in vitro and to induce termination in vivo. Nsi1 contains Myb-like DNA binding domains and associates in vivo near the 3' end of rRNA genes to rDNA
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physiological function
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gene transcription is carried out by multi-subunit RNA polymerase. Transcription initiation is a dynamic multi-step process that involves the opening of the double-stranded DNA to form a transcription bubble and delivery of the template strand deep into the RNAP for RNA synthesis. Transcription bubble is stabilized by a helix separating the two DNA strands
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physiological function
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active Pol I transcription is critical for silencing of Pol II transcription within the rDNA. Sir2 is recruited to the rDNA promoter through interactions with RNA polymerase I, Sir2 suppresses RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-transcribed genes embedded within the yeast rDNA locus, i.e. rDNA silencing. Fob1 and Pol Imake independent contributions to establishment of silencing, though Pol I also reinforces Fob1-dependent silencing
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additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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structure-based analysis of the evolution of archaeal and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, overview
additional information
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in vitro assembly of Sc RNAP II ternary elongation complexes, overview. RNA polymerase in a catalytic conformation demonstrates that the active site dNMP-NTP base pair must be substantially dehydrated to support full active site closing and optimum conditions for phosphodiester bond synthesis. An active site latch assembly that includes a key trigger helix residue beta' H1242 and highly conserved active site residues beta E445 and R557 appears to help regulate active site hydration/dehydration. Molecular dynamics simulations, overview
additional information
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modeling of Tt RNAP TEC containing a closed, catalytic trigger helix conformation. RNA polymerase in a catalytic conformation demonstrates that the active site dNMP-NTP base pair must be substantially dehydrated to support full active site closing and optimum conditions for phosphodiester bond synthesis. An active site latch assembly that includes a key trigger helix residue beta' H1242 and highly conserved active site residues beta E445 and R557 appears to help regulate active site hydration/dehydration. Molecular dynamics simulations, overview
additional information
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POLRMT distinct mechanisms for promoter recognition and transcription initiation, kinetic mechanism for POLRMT-catalyzed nucleotide incorporation, and structure-function relationship, nucleotidyl transfer and the nucleotide-addition cycle, detailed overview
additional information
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) genes are universal in microbes and conserved in giant viruses and may replace rDNA for identifying microbes
additional information
R4THW7; R4TFI0
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) genes are universal in microbes and conserved in giant viruses and may replace rDNA for identifying microbes
additional information
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DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) genes are universal in microbes and conserved in giant viruses and may replace rDNA for identifying microbes
additional information
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a single-molecule fluorescence assay is established to study bacterial transcription termination dynamics
additional information
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RNA polymerase is a major target of gene regulation
additional information
RNA polymerase is a major target of gene regulation
additional information
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studies on the transcription mechanism show transcription reinitiation by recycling RNA polymerase that diffuses on DNA after releasing terminated RNA