2.7.1.40: pyruvate kinase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about pyruvate kinase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.7.1.40
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2.7.1.40
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hexokinase
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phosphofructokinase
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erythrocyte
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fructose
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glucose-6-phosphate
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hepatocytes
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glycogen
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anemia
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carboxykinase
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gluconeogenesis
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aldolase
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pep
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hemolytic
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malate
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citrate
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creatine
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glucokinase
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adenylate
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carboxylase
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warburg
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gluconeogenic
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enolase
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phosphoglycerate
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pentose
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6-phosphate
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malic
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glucagon
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glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
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reticulocyte
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lipogenesis
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6-phosphogluconate
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fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
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lipogenic
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2,6-bisphosphate
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g6pase
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1,6-bisphosphatase
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liver-type
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splenectomy
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hk2
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dikinase
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glutaminolysis
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calprotectin
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triose
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shikonin
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2,3-diphosphoglycerate
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fructose-6-phosphate
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glycogenolysis
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drug development
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medicine
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biofuel production
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reticulocytosis
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transfusion-dependent
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spherocytosis
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nutrition
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diagnostics
- 2.7.1.40
- hexokinase
-
phosphofructokinase
- erythrocyte
- fructose
- glucose-6-phosphate
- hepatocytes
- glycogen
- anemia
-
carboxykinase
-
gluconeogenesis
- aldolase
- pep
-
hemolytic
- malate
- citrate
- creatine
- glucokinase
- adenylate
- carboxylase
-
warburg
-
gluconeogenic
- enolase
- phosphoglycerate
- pentose
- 6-phosphate
-
malic
- glucagon
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- reticulocyte
-
lipogenesis
- 6-phosphogluconate
- fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
-
lipogenic
- 2,6-bisphosphate
- g6pase
-
1,6-bisphosphatase
-
liver-type
-
splenectomy
- hk2
- dikinase
-
glutaminolysis
-
calprotectin
- triose
- shikonin
- 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
- fructose-6-phosphate
-
glycogenolysis
- drug development
- medicine
- biofuel production
-
reticulocytosis
-
transfusion-dependent
-
spherocytosis
- nutrition
- diagnostics
Reaction
Synonyms
ATP/pyruvate O'-phosphotransferase, ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, CPK, CPK1, cPK2, cPK3, cPK4, cPK5, CTHBP, cytosolic pyruvate kinase, cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein, EHI_098420, EhPK, EhPyk, erythroid (R-type) pyruvate kinase, fluorokinase, hL-PYK, hLPYK, hPKM2, K+-dependent PK, K+-independent PK, kinase, fluoro- (phosphorylating), kinase, pyruvate (phosphorylating), L-PK
ECTree
2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinaseAdvanced search results
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results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 2.7.1.40 - pyruvate kinase
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SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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specific activity is 5fold higher in starch-grown cells than in lactate-grown cells
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specific activity is 5fold higher in starch-grown cells than in lactate-grown cells
isoform M2 derived from hair root has a transcriptional start site different from that of other tissues and is more specific in its expression
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benign non-ductal tissue in chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas show variable expression of M2-PK
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early life stage, enzyme reaches a pronounced peak in postlarva V-VI, followed by a further decrease in postlarva XII-XIV
additional information
M2 isoform (PKM2) is exclusively expressed in embryonic and adult dividing/tumor cells
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641552, 641553, 673933, 676298, 691167, 707838, 708196, 708661, 709379, 710022, 710034, 710210, 737416
vasculature and mesophyll of rosette leaves
young, vasculature and mesophyll of rosette leaves
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annual change in enzyme activity. In June, pyruvate kinase displays an increase in Vmax value. The Km value shows a circa-annual rhythm. No relation between the changes of enzyme activity and photoperiod or temperature
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expression profiling of cytosolic pyruvate kinase enzyme during seed development, enzyme activity is highest during middle stage, overview
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expression profiling of cytosolic pyruvate kinase enzyme during seed development, enzyme activity is highest during middle stage, overview
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strong expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain
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comparison of young adult and old animal. During ageing, 69 proteins exhibit a drastically changed expression. Levels of pyruvate kinase, enolase and phosphofructokinase decrease, while mitochondrial ATP synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and adenylate kinase are increased in senescent fibres
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in the acrosome of the sperm head and in the fibrous sheath of the principal piece of the flagellum
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PK-S is found in the principal piece of the boar sperm flagellum and in the acrosomal region of the sperm head and at the head-midpiece junction
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
additional information
-
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
additional information
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isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
additional information
-
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
additional information
-
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
additional information
-
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
additional information
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cancer cells universally express the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase
additional information
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complete lack of M2-PK expression in benign pancreatic ducts, premalignant lesions and cancer
additional information
M2 isoform (PKM2) is exclusively expressed in embryonic and adult dividing/tumor cells
additional information
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M2 isoform (PKM2) is exclusively expressed in embryonic and adult dividing/tumor cells
additional information
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M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme is expressed in different differentiated cells and tissues as well as in all proliferating cells. Increase of tumor M2-PK in plasma of patients with renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, lung, breast, cervical, ovarian, oesopharyngeal, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer as well as in pleural fluid of patients with chest malignancies which correlates with tumor stages
additional information
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predominant isoform of pyruvate kinase in cancer cells is PKM2
additional information
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prevalence of PKM2 in cancer cells relative to the prevalence of PKM1 in many norma cells
additional information
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while the M1 isoform is a highly active enzyme, the alternatively spliced M2 variant is considerably less active and expressed in tumors
additional information
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M2-PK is specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as cancer cells
additional information
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M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme is expressed in different differentiated cells and tissues as well as in all proliferating cells
