2.7.1.1: hexokinase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about hexokinase, go to the full flat file.

Reaction

Synonyms

6-phosphate glucose kinase, AtHXK1, ATP-D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP-D-hexose-6-phosphotransferase, ATP-dependent hexokinase, ATP: D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, BmHk, brain form hexokinase, CzHXK1, FgHXK1, FgHXK2, GCK, GK, GKbeta, GlcK, glk, GlkB, glucokinase, glucokinase 1, glucokinase B, glucose ATP phosphotransferase, HaHXK1, hexokinase, hexokinase (phosphorylating), hexokinase 1, hexokinase 2, hexokinase 3, hexokinase 6, hexokinase A, hexokinase D, hexokinase Dor, hexokinase I, hexokinase II, hexokinase III, hexokinase IV, hexokinase PI, hexokinase PII, hexokinase type I, hexokinase type II, hexokinase type IV, hexokinase type IV glucokinase, hexokinase, tumor isozyme, hexokinase-1, hexokinase-10, hexokinase-2, hexokinase-4, hexokinase-5, hexokinase-6, hexokinase-7, hexokinase-8, hexokinase-9, hexokinase-II, hexokinase-like 1, hGK, hGK isoform 1, HK, HK II, HK-1, HK-I, HK-R, HK1, HK2, HK4, HKDC1, HKI, HKII, HKIII, HKL1, HPGLK1, HXK, HXK A, HXK II, Hxk1, HXK10, Hxk2, Hxk3, HXK4, HXK5, HXK6, HXK7, HXK8, HXK9, hxkC, hxkD, kinase, hexo- (phosphorylating), KlHxk1, LGK, LGK2, liver glucokinase, liver glucokinase isoform 2, MODY2 glucokinase, More, muscle form hexokinase, NfGlck, NtHXK1, OsHXK, OsHXK1, OsHXK10, OsHXK2, OsHXK3, OsHXK4, OsHXK5, OsHXK6, OsHXK7, OsHXK9, pHXK, plastid hexokinase, PpHXK1, PpHXK10, PpHXK11, PpHXK2, PpHXK3, PpHXK4, PpHXK5, PpHXK6, PpHXK7, PpHXK8, PpHXK9, Rag5p, ROK hexokinase, ScHK2, ScHXK2, SoHXK1, StHK, STK_23540, StoHK, TbHK1, TbHK2, TcHK, TthHK, type II hexokinase, VIT_18s0001g14230, xprF, Zm.5206, Zm.95484

ECTree

     2 Transferases

         2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups

             2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor

                2.7.1.1 hexokinase

Advanced search results

Do not include text mining results

Include results (more...)

Include results (more...)

Results	in table
276	Activating Compound
5054	AA Sequence
24	Application
1	CAS Registry Number
90	Cloned(Commentary)
127	Cofactor
24	Crystallization (Commentary)
4640	Disease/ Diagnostics
19	Expression
78	General Information
32	General Stability
86	IC50 Value
392	Inhibitors
15	kcat/KM [mM/s]
162	Ki Value [mM]
500	KM Value [mM]
105	Localization
58	Metals/Ions
117	Molecular Weight [Da]
91	Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
1	Organic Solvent Stability
366	Organism
28	Pathway
92	PDB ID
74	pH Optimum
19	pH Range
6	pH Stability
32	pI Value
9	Posttranslational Modification
244	Protein Variants
108	Purification (Commentary)
15	Reaction
1	Reaction Type
322	Reference
351	Source Tissue
133	Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
15	Storage Stability
615	Substrates and Products (Substrate)
96	Subunits
328	Synonyms
1	Systematic Name
64	Temperature Optimum [°C]
4	Temperature Range [°C]
24	Temperature Stability [°C]
135	Turnover Number [1/s]

Application

print visible entries

print all entries

Go back to the abbreviated version
of the Enzyme Summary Page.

Application on EC 2.7.1.1 - hexokinase

Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.

top print hide show all columns Go to Application Search

Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.

APPLICATION

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

analysis

2 entries

diagnostics

Homo sapiens

-

increased proportion of hexokinase II is used as a marker for brain tumors

640259

industry

2 entries

medicine

15 entries

pharmacology

3 entries

synthesis

Yarrowia lipolytica

O74996

overexpression of HXK1 in a highly modified strain of Yarrowia lipolytica W29 engineered to optimize oil production, combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene expression. For the recombinant strain, sucrose is a better substrate than either of its building blocks, glucose or fructose. Over its 96 h of growth in the bioreactors, this strain produces 9.15g/l of lipids, yielding 0.262g/g of biomass

738979

analysis

Homo sapiens

-

detection of glucose-induced conformational change in hexokinase II using fluorescence complementation assay

672756

analysis

Plasmodium falciparum

Q02155

high-throughput assay for screening small molecule collections to identify inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum hexokinase. The assay employs an ADP-GloTM reporter system in a 1536-well plate format, is robust with a signal-to-background of 3.4, a percent coefficient of variation of 6.8 and a Z'-factor of 0.75

737463

industry

Moniliella megachiliensis

-

production of abundant intermediates for industrially erythritol production

704746

industry

Moniliella megachiliensis SN-G42

-

production of abundant intermediates for industrially erythritol production

-

medicine

Rattus norvegicus

-

given the combined prominent role of glucokinase on insulin secretion and hepatic glucose metabolism where the GK-GKRP mechanism is involved, activation of glucokinase has a new therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

674716

medicine

Homo sapiens

-

glucokinase mutations are found only in medically responsive children with congenital hyperinsulinism who are negative for ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations

686512

medicine

Homo sapiens

P52789

HK II gene can act as a crucial therapeutic target for slowing colon cancer growth

685911

medicine

Mus musculus

-

HK II inhibitors may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of advanced infiltrative hypovascular hepatocellular carcinomas, which are growing in a hypoxic environment

688926

medicine

Trypanosoma brucei

-

TbHK1 is a valid therapeutic target while identifying a potential molecular target of the anti-trypanosomal agent lonidamine

688893

medicine

Homo sapiens

-

activation of glucokinase as glucose lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes

703597

medicine

Homo sapiens

P19367

glucokinase is a potential therapeutic target for treating maturity-onset diabetes of the young and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy

706430

medicine

Homo sapiens

P35557

28-homobrassinolide is able to protect or restore the native structure of hexokinase when exposed to diabetic levels of glucose

738893

medicine

Mus musculus

-

endogenous glucokinase expression correlates with O-GlcNAc levels in the pathophysiological model of type II diabetes, ob/ob mice. In response to the pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcase, contents of glucokinase increase. Glucokinase is modified by O-GlcNAcylation. siRNA-mediated O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase knock-down not only decreases O-GlcNAc content but also glucokinase protein level

737623

medicine

Clonorchis sinensis

-

hexokinase is distributed in the worm extensively as well as in liver tissue and serum from infected rats. High-level specific IgG1 and IgG2a are induced in rats by immunization with recombinant enzyme. The enzymatic activity of hexokinase is suppressed by the antibodies in vitro, and the survival of Clonorchis sinensis is inhibited by the antibodies in vivo and in vitro

739403

medicine

Homo sapiens

-

hexokinase-II binds to the voltage-dependent anion channel located on the mitochondrial outer membrane. When bound, hexokinase-II is blocking a major cell death pathway. A series of truncations and point mutations to the N-terminal end of hexokinase-II identify the binding site to the channel within the first 10 amino acids

737884

medicine

Homo sapiens

-

HIV-1 induces a robust increase in hexokinase-1 expression. Hexokinase enzymatic activity is significantly inhibited in HIV-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate differentiated U1 cells. Increased levels of mitochondria-bound hexokinase -1are observed in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced U1 cells and in the HIV-1 accessory protein, viral protein R transduced U937 cell derived macrophages. Dissociation of hexokinase-1 from mitochondria in U1 cells using clotrimazole induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3/7 mediated apoptosis. Dissociation of hexokinase-1 from mitochondria in viral protein R transduced U937 also activates caspase-3/7 activity

737993

medicine

Homo sapiens

-

in cancer cells, elevated hexokinase-2 expression is induced by activated PI3K/Akt signaling. Hexokinase-2 is overexpressed in 83.3% of specimens detected and is closely correlated with Ki67, a cell proliferation index. Silencing of endogenous hexokinase-2 results in decreased aerobic glycolysis. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling also suppresses aerobic glycolysis and this effect can be reversed by reintroduction of hexokinase-2. Knockdown of HK2 leads to increased cell apoptosis and reduced ability of colony formation

737609

medicine

Homo sapiens

-

mutations A379S, D400Y, E300A, E395A, E395G, H380N, I348N, L301M, M298I, M381G, M402R, R308K, R394P, R397S, and S398R are observed in 12 different patients with type 2 diabetic condition. The structural analysis of these mutated GKs shows a variable number of beta-alpha-beta units, hairpins, beta-bulges, strands, helices, helix-helix interactions, beta-turns, and gamma-turns along with the RMSD variations when compared to wild-type GK. The substrate shows variable binding orientations and cannot fit into the active site of these mutated structures, it is expelled out of the conformations

738711

medicine

Mus musculus

-

the peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus casei shows cytotoxic activity against various tumour cells. A synthetic peptide derived from the peptidoglycan impairs the entire metabolism of cultured tumour cells and restores the apoptotic process. Normal cells appear to be stimulated rather than inhibited by the peptide. The pentapeptide binds with the hexokinase and exerts a weak inhibitory effect on hexokinase enzymatic specific activity. in tumour cells, a percentage of peptide is partially blocked by the cytosolic hexokinase and the remaining is available to bind with the mitochondrial-bound hexokinase. This binding triggers the Bax-induced proapoptotic process including a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity, cellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as changes in the voltage dependent anion channel structure on the outer mitochondrial membrane and cytochrome C release. As the final stage, the antiapoptotic process is suppressed, the cellular functions are altered and the cell is destroyed

737457

pharmacology

Trypanosoma cruzi

Q8ST54

enzyme may constitute an interesting drug target

640265

pharmacology

Trypanosoma brucei

-

hexokinase may be an excellent target for the development of a rational chemotherapy against the parasite

2572

pharmacology

Homo sapiens

-

enzyme is a target for activator drug design in therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus

663393