2.6.1.99: L-tryptophan-pyruvate aminotransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about L-tryptophan-pyruvate aminotransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.6.1.99
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2.6.1.99
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auxin
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indole-3-acetic
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iaa
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yucca
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indole-3-pyruvate
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monooxygenases
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flavin
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aminotransferases
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trp
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meristem
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maize
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shade
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gravitropism
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pin-formed1
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trp-dependent
- 2.6.1.99
- auxin
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indole-3-acetic
- iaa
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yucca
- indole-3-pyruvate
- monooxygenases
- flavin
- aminotransferases
- trp
- meristem
- maize
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shade
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gravitropism
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pin-formed1
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trp-dependent
Reaction
Synonyms
At1g80360, F5I6.11, FIB, SAV3, TAA, TAA1, tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis, tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1, TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1, Vas1, vl2
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General Information
General Information on EC 2.6.1.99 - L-tryptophan-pyruvate aminotransferase
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evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
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origin for the vt2/vt2-like clade at least near the base of the grass family and possibly deeper within monocots
evolution
TAA1 encodes a member of a small family of aminotransferases with strong sequence similarity to C-S Lyases
evolution
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TAA1 encodes a member of a small family of aminotransferases with strong sequence similarity to C-S Lyases
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L-kynurenine, being an alternate substrate, competitively inhibits TAA1/TAR activity, and Kyn treatment mimicks the loss of TAA1/TAR functions
malfunction
SAV3 mutants are unable to elongate in simulated shade light, phenotypes, overview. Other indole acetic acid biosynthetic pathways cannot compensate for the loss of the SAV3-dependent pathway. sav3 mutants have reduced auxin levels and a diminished auxin response, and sav3 mutants exhibit shorter hypocotyls than WT when grown in simulated shade and partially suppress the constitutive shade avoidance phenotype of a phyB null mutant, sav3-1 plants are shorter and have reduced leaf hyponasty as compared to wild-type plants. The sav3-1 mutant fails to induce shade avoidance syndrome, SAS, in a controlled environment typically used to detect PHYB-mediated SAS responses in light-grown plants
malfunction
significantly lower levels of free for indole 3-acetic acid are detected in the single wei8-2 as well as in the double wei8-2 tar2-1 mutants
malfunction
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taa mutants are partially indole-3-pyruvate-deficient, indicating that TAAs are responsible for converting tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvate. Inactivation of TAA1/TIR2 causes root resistance to the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid
malfunction
the ethylene defects of wei8 are dramatically enhanced in the wei8 tar2 double mutants that display a nearly complete lack of response to ACC in roots
malfunction
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vt2 mutants have dramatic effects on vegetative and reproductive development, decrease in leaf number in vt2 mutants, reduced tassel length in vt2 mutants is likely due to reduced cell elongation. In addition to male inflorescence defects, vt2 mutants also show severe defects in the female inflorescence, absence of branches and spikelets in vt2 inflorescences. spi1/vt2 double mutants have only a slightly more severe phenotype than vt2 single mutants. Both spi1 and vt2 single mutants exhibit a reduction in free auxin levels, but the spi1/vt2 double mutants do not have a further reduction compared with vt2 single mutants
malfunction
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SAV3 mutants are unable to elongate in simulated shade light, phenotypes, overview. Other indole acetic acid biosynthetic pathways cannot compensate for the loss of the SAV3-dependent pathway. sav3 mutants have reduced auxin levels and a diminished auxin response, and sav3 mutants exhibit shorter hypocotyls than WT when grown in simulated shade and partially suppress the constitutive shade avoidance phenotype of a phyB null mutant, sav3-1 plants are shorter and have reduced leaf hyponasty as compared to wild-type plants. The sav3-1 mutant fails to induce shade avoidance syndrome, SAS, in a controlled environment typically used to detect PHYB-mediated SAS responses in light-grown plants
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malfunction
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L-kynurenine, being an alternate substrate, competitively inhibits TAA1/TAR activity, and Kyn treatment mimicks the loss of TAA1/TAR functions
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malfunction
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the ethylene defects of wei8 are dramatically enhanced in the wei8 tar2 double mutants that display a nearly complete lack of response to ACC in roots
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malfunction
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significantly lower levels of free for indole 3-acetic acid are detected in the single wei8-2 as well as in the double wei8-2 tar2-1 mutants
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gene wei8 encodes a long-anticipated tryptophan aminotransferase, TAA1, in the essential indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway, a link between local auxin production, tissue-specific ethylene effects, and organ development exists. TAA1 and TAR2 have overlapping roles in the ethylene response, overview
metabolism
the TAA family produces indole-3-pyruvic acid, and the YUC family functions in the conversion of indole-3-pyruvic acid to indole 3-acetic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism
the three gene families, cytochrome P450 79B2/B3, YUCCA or YUC, and tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1/tryptopan aminotransferase related, i.e. TAA1/TAR, in the production of this hormone in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Each of these three gene families is believed to represent independent routes of auxin biosynthesis. TAA1/TARs and YUCs function in a common linear biosynthetic pathway that is genetically distinct from the CYP79B2/B3 route. In the redefined TAA1-YUC auxin biosynthetic pathway, TAA1/TARs are required for the production of indole-3-pyruvic acid from Trp, whereas YUCs are likely to function downstream, function of TAA1 and TARs is required for indole 3-acetic acid production via YUCs. Enzymatic reactions involved in indole-3-acetic acid production via indole-3-pyruvic acid, overview. The CYP79B2/B3 function is not required for YUC1-mediated auxin production
metabolism
tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 and tryptopan aminotransferase related, i.e. TAA1 and TAR, are the key enzymes in the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway of auxin biosynthesis
metabolism
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tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis thaliana, TAA, and YUCCA work in the same pathway and that YUC is downstream of TAA. The TAA family of amino transferases converts tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvate, and the YUC family of flavin monooxygenases participates in converting IPA to indole-3-acetic acid, the main auxin in plants
metabolism
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vt2 converts Trp to indole-3-pyruvic acid in one of four hypothesized Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathways. Both spi1 and vt2 function in auxin biosynthesis in maize, possibly in the same pathway rather than independently
metabolism
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tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 and tryptopan aminotransferase related, i.e. TAA1 and TAR, are the key enzymes in the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway of auxin biosynthesis
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metabolism
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gene wei8 encodes a long-anticipated tryptophan aminotransferase, TAA1, in the essential indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway, a link between local auxin production, tissue-specific ethylene effects, and organ development exists. TAA1 and TAR2 have overlapping roles in the ethylene response, overview
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metabolism
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the three gene families, cytochrome P450 79B2/B3, YUCCA or YUC, and tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1/tryptopan aminotransferase related, i.e. TAA1/TAR, in the production of this hormone in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Each of these three gene families is believed to represent independent routes of auxin biosynthesis. TAA1/TARs and YUCs function in a common linear biosynthetic pathway that is genetically distinct from the CYP79B2/B3 route. In the redefined TAA1-YUC auxin biosynthetic pathway, TAA1/TARs are required for the production of indole-3-pyruvic acid from Trp, whereas YUCs are likely to function downstream, function of TAA1 and TARs is required for indole 3-acetic acid production via YUCs. Enzymatic reactions involved in indole-3-acetic acid production via indole-3-pyruvic acid, overview. The CYP79B2/B3 function is not required for YUC1-mediated auxin production
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gene wei8 encodes a long-anticipated tryptophan aminotransferase, TAA1, in the essential indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway, a link between local auxin production, tissue-specific ethylene effects, and organ development exists. The IPA route of auxin production is key to generating robust auxin gradients in response to environmental and developmental cues. Proper gynoecium development requires TAA1 and TAR2 function
physiological function
SAV3 is an L-Trp aminotransferase involved in indole 3-acetic acid biosynthesis. SAV3 catalyzes the formation of indole-3-pyruvic acid from L-tryptophan as first step in an auxin biosynthetic pathway. Feedback regulation on SAV3 expression by shade
physiological function
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vt2 functions in axillary meristem formation during inflorescence development, but vt2 does not function in axillary meristem formation during vegetative development
physiological function
in a loss-of-function mutant, levels of the phytohormone auxin and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate are simultaneously increased. VAS1 overexpression reduces plant stature and seed set, and these plants accumulate less auxin than wild-type under shade. VAS1 serves key roles in coordinating the levels of these two vital hormones. VAS1 and tryptophan aminotransferases Sav3 catalyze opposing reactions with respect to 3-IPA formation. In response to shade, Vas1/Sav3 double mutant plants have longer hypocotyls and petioles than sav3 single mutants. When grown in continuous white light, Vas1 or Vas1/Sav3 mutant seedlings display elongated hypocotyls and petioles, with increased leaf hyponasty, decreased leaf area
physiological function
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loss of FIB function results in pleiotropic abnormal phenotypes, such as small leaves with large lamina joint angles, abnormal vascular development, small panicles, abnormal organ identity and defects in root development, together with a reduction in internal indole-3-acetic acid levels. Auxin sensitivity and polar transport activity are altered in the FIB mutant
physiological function
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SAV3 is an L-Trp aminotransferase involved in indole 3-acetic acid biosynthesis. SAV3 catalyzes the formation of indole-3-pyruvic acid from L-tryptophan as first step in an auxin biosynthetic pathway. Feedback regulation on SAV3 expression by shade
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physiological function
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gene wei8 encodes a long-anticipated tryptophan aminotransferase, TAA1, in the essential indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway, a link between local auxin production, tissue-specific ethylene effects, and organ development exists. The IPA route of auxin production is key to generating robust auxin gradients in response to environmental and developmental cues. Proper gynoecium development requires TAA1 and TAR2 function
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if TAA1/TARs and YUCs work together to produce indole 3-acetic acid, blocking the in vivo activity of TAA1/TARs with L-kynurenine suppresses the high-auxin phenotypes of YUC1ox plants
additional information
SAV3 in silico docking using the crystal structure obtained from SAV3 crystals soaked in L-Phe and co-crystallized with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, for analyzing substrate and cofactor pecificities, overview
additional information
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taa mutants show phenotypes including defects in shade avoidance, root resistance to ethylene and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, the phenotypes are phenocopied by inactivating YUC genes, overview
additional information
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SAV3 in silico docking using the crystal structure obtained from SAV3 crystals soaked in L-Phe and co-crystallized with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, for analyzing substrate and cofactor pecificities, overview
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additional information
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if TAA1/TARs and YUCs work together to produce indole 3-acetic acid, blocking the in vivo activity of TAA1/TARs with L-kynurenine suppresses the high-auxin phenotypes of YUC1ox plants
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