2.6.1.27: tryptophan transaminase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about tryptophan transaminase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.6.1.27
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2.6.1.27
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auxin
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iaa
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indole-3-pyruvic
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tryptamine
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indolepyruvate
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gravitropism
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indole-3-acetaldehyde
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l-kynurenine
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tryptophan-dependent
- 2.6.1.27
- auxin
- iaa
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indole-3-pyruvic
- tryptamine
- indolepyruvate
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gravitropism
- indole-3-acetaldehyde
- l-kynurenine
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tryptophan-dependent
Reaction
Synonyms
5-hydroxytryptophan-ketoglutaric transaminase, aminotransferase, tryptophan, FIB, hydroxytryptophan aminotransferase, L-phenylalanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, L-tryptophan aminotransferase, L-tryptophan transaminase, L-tryptophan-pyruvate aminotransferase 1, LmTAM1, OsTAR1, protein FIB, protein FISH BONE, TAA, TAA1, Tam1, TAR1, TAR2, Trp-dependent aminotransferase, tryptophan aminotransferase, tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1, TSG1, vanishing tassel2, vt2
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General Information on EC 2.6.1.27 - tryptophan transaminase
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
evolution
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related enzymes TSG1 and OsTAR1, but not OsTARL1 and OsTARL2, display marked aminotransferase activity suggesting that OsTARL1 and OsTARL2 have lost their aminotransferase activity and play other roles, with only TSG1 and OsTAR1 functioning as aminotransferases during auxin biosynthesis in rice. Possible gene redundancy in the rice tryptophan aminotransferase family. The subcellular localization is identified as the endoplasmic reticulum, while phylogenetic analysis reveals functional divergence of TSG1 and OsTAR1 from OsTARL1 and OsTARL2. TSG1 dominates the tryptophan aminotransferase family, playing a prominent role in local auxin biosynthesis in rice
malfunction
metabolism
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expression of indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase LmIPDC2, tryptophan aminotransferase LmTAM1 and nitrilase LmNIT1 genes is mainly upregulated after adding tryptophan and correlated with IAA production, suggesting that these genes are the key components of auxin biosynthesis in Leptosphaeria maculans. Tryptamine acts as a potent inducer of IAA production, though a pathway independent of LmIPDC2/LmTAM1 may be involved. Analysis of the biosynthetic pathways in the fungus, overview
physiological function
malfunction
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phenotypes observed in taa mutants, including root resistance to ethylene treatment, altered shade avoidance responses, and root resistance to naphthylphthalamic acid treatments, are phenocopied by inactivating certain combinations of YUC genes. Synergistic effects between yuc and known auxin mutants are observed when TAA genes are inactivated in the known auxin mutant backgrounds. Overexpression of YUC1 in taa1/sav3 partially rescues the shade avoidance defects. Using a genetic analysis it is shown that YUC and TAA genes are in the same auxin biosynthesis pathway, with YUCs downstream of TAAs
malfunction
vt2 mutants have dramatic effects on vegetative and reproductive development. vt2 mutants share many similarities with sparse inflorescence1 (spi1) mutants in maize. both spi1 and vt2 single mutants exhibit a reduction in free auxin levels, but the spi1 vt2 double mutants do not have a further reduction compared with vt2 single mutants
malfunction
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the rice tillering and small grain 1 (tsg1) mutant, which has more tillers but a smaller panicle and grain size resulting from a reduction in endogenous auxin. TSG1 encodes a tryptophan aminotransferase that is allelic to the FISH BONE (FIB) gene. The tsg1 mutant shows hypersensitivity to indole-3-acetic acid and the competitive inhibitor of aminotransferase, L-kynurenine. TSG1 knockout results in an increased tiller number but reduction in grain number and size, and decrease in height. Deletion of the TSG1 homologues OsTAR1 (UniProt ID Q0DKE8), OsTARL1, and OsTARL2 causes no obvious changes, although the phenotype of the TSG1/OsTAR1 double mutant is intensified and infertile, suggesting gene redundancy in the rice tryptophan aminotransferase family. In line with the role of TSG1 in regulating cell development, relative expression levels of cell cycle-related genes and genes encoding expansin proteins, which affect cell expansion, are significantly downregulated in spikelets of the tsg1 mutant
physiological function
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it is hypothesized that indole-3-acetic acid production in developing rice grains is controlled via expression of OsTAR1, OsYUC9, OsYUC11
physiological function
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enzyme TSG1 dominates the tryptophan aminotransferase family, playing a prominent role in local auxin biosynthesis in rice, TSG1 thus affects auxin signaling and transport. Auxin is a crucial phytohormone, underlying multiple aspects of plant growth and development. TSG1 contributes to localized cell proliferation and cell expansion
physiological function
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the enzyme influences the auxin metabolisms in the fungus and in host plants, e.g. Brassica napus
