2.5.1.32: 15-cis-phytoene synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about 15-cis-phytoene synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.5.1.32
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2.5.1.32
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carotenoid
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desaturase
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carotenogenic
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ripening
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carotenogenesis
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orange
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zeaxanthin
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carotene
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astaxanthin
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lutein
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capsicum
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xanthophyl
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annuum
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xanthophyllomyces
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provitamin
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apocarotenoids
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dendrorhous
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violaxanthin
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zeta-carotene
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chromoplast
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nutrition
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alpha-carotene
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ananatis
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pantoea
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krabbe
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canthaxanthin
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analysis
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phaffia
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dunaliella
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9-cis-epoxycarotenoid
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ketolase
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uredovora
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pluvialis
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food industry
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ketocarotenoids
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norflurazon
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beta-cryptoxanthin
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beta-cyclase
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carra
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haematococcus
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biofortification
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biotechnology
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agriculture
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galcs
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rhodozyma
- 2.5.1.32
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carotenoid
-
desaturase
-
carotenogenic
-
ripening
-
carotenogenesis
- orange
- zeaxanthin
- carotene
- astaxanthin
- lutein
- capsicum
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xanthophyl
- annuum
- xanthophyllomyces
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provitamin
-
apocarotenoids
- dendrorhous
- violaxanthin
- zeta-carotene
- chromoplast
- nutrition
- alpha-carotene
- ananatis
- pantoea
- krabbe
- canthaxanthin
- analysis
- phaffia
- dunaliella
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9-cis-epoxycarotenoid
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ketolase
- uredovora
- pluvialis
- food industry
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ketocarotenoids
- norflurazon
- beta-cryptoxanthin
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beta-cyclase
-
carra
- haematococcus
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biofortification
- biotechnology
- agriculture
-
galcs
- rhodozyma
Reaction
2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = + 2 diphosphate
Synonyms
AtPSY, CitPsy, CrtB, crtYB, EgcrtB, fruit-specific phytoene synthase, geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase, MaPsy1, MaPsy2, phytoene synthase, phytoene synthase 1, phytoene synthase 2, phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase, phytoene synthetase, phytoene-synthetase, prephytoene-diphosphate synthase, Psase, PSY, PSY protein, PSY1, PSY1a, PSY1b, PSY1C, PSY2, PSY3, PSY5, synthetase, phytoene, sZmPSY1, TaPSY1, TaPSY2, TaPSY3, YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 2, yft2, Zmpsy1
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General Information
General Information on EC 2.5.1.32 - 15-cis-phytoene synthase
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evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
Euglena gracilis CrtB belongs to a clade that is distinct from groups of algae and higher plants
evolution
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Euglena gracilis CrtB belongs to a clade that is distinct from groups of algae and higher plants
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the recessive mutation yellow-flesh (locus r) in tomato eliminates fruit carotenoids by disrupting the activity of the fruit-specific phytoene synthase, PSY1, allele r2997 of yellow-flesh eliminates transcription of PSY1 in fruits. Fruits of the recessive mutation tangerine (t) appear orange due to accumulation of 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene (prolycopene) as a result of a mutation in the carotenoid cis-trans isomerase, tangerine is epistatic to yellow-flesh, interaction between tangerine and yellow-flesh at the molecular level, overview
malfunction
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RNA interference-based gene silencing of phytoene synthase impairs growth, carotenoids, and plastid phenotype in Oncidium hybrid orchid. PSY-RNAi in transgenic Oncidium alters the expression pattern of biosynthetic pathway and leads to decreased accumulation of carotenoid contents. The transgenic orchids show downregulated level of enzyme PSY and geranyl synthase gene. They display semi-dwarf phenotype, brilliant green leaves, and development-arrested plastids with rare grana. The total carotenoid content is decreased and the efficiency of the photosynthetic electron transport is declined. The chlorophyll level and the expression of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, such as OgGLUTR and OgCS are dramatically reduced. The endogenous level of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid in the dwarf transformants are 4fold lower than in wild-type plants. Chilling tolerance of the transgenic Oncidium plants is reduced
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catalyzation of the first two steps of the carotenoid biosynthesis
metabolism
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first step in the biosynthesis of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein
metabolism
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PSY1 catalyzes the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, the formation of phytoene from two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate
metabolism
light-sensitive phytochrome-interacting factors are not required to regulate phytoene synthase gene expression in the root
metabolism
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phytoene synthase is the first rate-limiting regulatory enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
the enzyme catalyzes an early step of carotenoid biosynthesis. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway responds to excess light stress at the level of crtB transcription
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
carotenogenesis is regulated by 5'UTR-mediated translation of phytoene synthase splice variants. Arabidopsis thaliana possess a single phytoene synthase gene. This monogenic situation is compensated by the differential expression of two alternative splice variants, which differ in length and in the exon/intron retention of their 5'UTRs
metabolism
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specific upregulation of a cotton phytoene synthase gene produces golden cottonseeds with enhanced provitamin A
metabolism
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the expression of the MaPsy gene for phytoene synthase shows a differential pattern in the peel and pulp suggesting MaPsy to be a regulatory enzyme in carotenoid accumulation in banana fruit
metabolism
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trans-splicing of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 alters tomato fruit color by map-based cloning
metabolism
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the enzyme catalyzes an early step of carotenoid biosynthesis. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway responds to excess light stress at the level of crtB transcription
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metabolism
Phaffia rhodozyma CGMCC As2.1557
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the enzyme is involved in the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway
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molecular mechanism underlying the epistasis of mutations tangerine over yellow-flesh and suggest the involvement of cis-carotenoid metabolites in a feedback regulation of PSY1 gene expression
physiological function
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phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2) can compensate for the absence of phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) in pepper fruit, resulting in the yellow color of Capsicum annuum MicroPep Yellow fruits
physiological function
phytoene synthase catalyzes a rate-limiting step in carotenoid biosynthesis
physiological function
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phytoene synthetase is an important rate limiting enzyme in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway
physiological function
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PSY3 is involved in drought response in wheat
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in carotenoid accumulation and salt stress tolerance
physiological function
Capsicum annuum MicroPep Yellow
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phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2) can compensate for the absence of phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) in pepper fruit, resulting in the yellow color of Capsicum annuum MicroPep Yellow fruits
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