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NDP-glucose + 3-phospho-D-glycerate
NDP + 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-phospho-D-glycerate
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + alpha-thrombomodulin
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-alpha-thrombomodulin
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-xylose-1-O-Gly-Ser-Gly-Glu
UDP + ?
synthetic tetrasaccharide substrate
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-xylose-1-O-serine
UDP + ?
synthetic tetrasaccharide substrate
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + C11-oligosaccharide of chondroitin sulfate A
?
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + chondroitin
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-chondroitin
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + chondroitin sulfate A
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-chondroitin sulfate A
and oligosaccharide of chondroitin sulfate with chain length of C11
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl chondroitin polysaccharide
UDP + beta-D-GlcA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-chondroitin polysaccharide
polysaccharide substrate used after beta-glucuronidase treatment
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?
UDP-GalNAc + 4-nitrophenyl D-glucuronide
UDP + 4-nitrophenyl 4-O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-D-glucuronide
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin
UDP + N-acetylchondrosine glucuronic acid beta(1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin heptasaccharide
?
heptasaccharide having a N-acetylgalactosamine residue at its non-reducing terminus
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin sulfate heptasaccharide
?
heptasaccharide having a N-acetylgalactosamine residue at its non-reducing terminus
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin sulfate undecasaccharide
?
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?
additional information
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NDP-glucose + 3-phospho-D-glycerate
NDP + 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-phospho-D-glycerate
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?
NDP-glucose + 3-phospho-D-glycerate
NDP + 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-phospho-D-glycerate
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?
NDP-glucose + 3-phospho-D-glycerate
NDP + 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-phospho-D-glycerate
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + chondroitin
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-chondroitin
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + chondroitin
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-chondroitin
chondroitin polymerization in disaccharide units by glucuronyltransferase and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities of the enzyme
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + chondroitin
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-chondroitin
and oligosaccharide of chondroitin with chain length of C11
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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chondroitin sulfate A-8, chondroitin sulfate C-8,chondroitin-8, and GlcUAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Xylbeta1-O-methoxy-phenyl as acceptor substrates
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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chondroitin sulfate A-8, chondroitin sulfate C-8,chondroitin-8, and GlcUAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Xylbeta1-O-methoxy-phenyl as acceptor substrates
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?
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan
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?
UDP-GalNAc + 4-nitrophenyl D-glucuronide
UDP + 4-nitrophenyl 4-O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-D-glucuronide
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?
UDP-GalNAc + 4-nitrophenyl D-glucuronide
UDP + 4-nitrophenyl 4-O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-D-glucuronide
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?
UDP-GalNAc + 4-nitrophenyl D-glucuronide
UDP + 4-nitrophenyl 4-O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-D-glucuronide
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin
UDP + N-acetylchondrosine glucuronic acid beta(1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin
UDP + N-acetylchondrosine glucuronic acid beta(1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin
UDP + N-acetylchondrosine glucuronic acid beta(1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin
UDP + N-acetylchondrosine glucuronic acid beta(1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine
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?
UDP-glucuronic acid + chondroitin
UDP + N-acetylchondrosine glucuronic acid beta(1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine
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?
additional information
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GlcA with a para-nitrophenyl group can serve as the acceptor for ApCS. The enzyme shows a stringent donor tolerance when the acceptor is as small as this monosaccharide. Ligand/substrate interaction analysis via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Substrate specificity, overview
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additional information
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GlcA with a para-nitrophenyl group can serve as the acceptor for ApCS. The enzyme shows a stringent donor tolerance when the acceptor is as small as this monosaccharide. Ligand/substrate interaction analysis via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Substrate specificity, overview
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additional information
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GlcA with a para-nitrophenyl group can serve as the acceptor for ApCS. The enzyme shows a stringent donor tolerance when the acceptor is as small as this monosaccharide. Ligand/substrate interaction analysis via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Substrate specificity, overview
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additional information
?
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GlcA with a para-nitrophenyl group can serve as the acceptor for ApCS. The enzyme shows a stringent donor tolerance when the acceptor is as small as this monosaccharide. Ligand/substrate interaction analysis via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Substrate specificity, overview
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additional information
?
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further substrates: chondroitin heptaserine, pentaserine, non-sulfated odd-numbered oligosaccharides with a N-acetylgalactosamine residue at the non-reducing terminus except for a trisaccharide
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additional information
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no substrates: a trisaccharide-serine, an alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine-capped pentasaccharide-serine
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additional information
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the glucuronic acid transfer rate roughly increases with increasing chain length
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additional information
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6-O-sulfation of non-reducing terminal N-acetylgalactosamine markedly enhances glucuronic acid transfer
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additional information
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the glucuronic acid transfer rate roughly increases with increasing chain length
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additional information
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the glucuronic acid transfer rate roughly increases with increasing chain length
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additional information
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no substrates: chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, N-acetylheparosan, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, heparin, hyaluronan heptasaccharides
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additional information
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no substrates: chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, N-acetylheparosan, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, heparin, hyaluronan heptasaccharides
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additional information
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in vitro activity of the recombinant enzyme requires concomitant expression of the chondroitin polymerizing factor ChPF in a fusion protein, mixing of separately expressed proteins does not result in an active complex, overview
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additional information
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in vitro activity of the recombinant enzyme requires concomitant expression of the chondroitin polymerizing factor ChPF in a fusion protein, mixing of separately expressed proteins does not result in an active complex, overview
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additional information
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substrate specificities of enzymes CSGlcAT-II and CSS2 in truncated form
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additional information
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substrate specificities of enzymes CSGlcAT-II and CSS2 in truncated form
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additional information
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CSGlcA-T exhibits polymerization activity on alpha-thrombomodulin using alpha-thrombomodulin as acceptor incubated with UDP-Gal-NAc and UDP-GlcUA. The chain length of chondroitin formed by the co-expressed proteins ChSy-1,ChSy-2 (CSS3), or ChPF in various combinations is different
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additional information
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CSGlcA-T exhibits polymerization activity on alpha-thrombomodulin using alpha-thrombomodulin as acceptor incubated with UDP-Gal-NAc and UDP-GlcUA. The chain length of chondroitin formed by the co-expressed proteins ChSy-1,ChSy-2 (CSS3), or ChPF in various combinations is different
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additional information
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polymerization reactions carried out using alpha-thrombomodulin as an acceptor co-incubated with UDP-GalNAc and UDP-GlcA
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additional information
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polymerization reactions carried out using alpha-thrombomodulin as an acceptor co-incubated with UDP-GalNAc and UDP-GlcA
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additional information
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chondroitin synthase-1 has two glycosyltransferase activities: it acts as a GlcUA and a GalNAc transferase and is responsible for adding repeated disaccharide units to growing chondroitin sulfate chains
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additional information
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CHSY1, CHSY2 and CHSY3 possess dual, glucuronyltransferase and galactosaminyltransferase enzymatic activities, while the CSGlcA-T acts only by transferring glucuronic acid
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additional information
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CSS1, CSS2, and CSS3 contain two glycosyltransferase domains, beta-3 domain at the N-terminal region and beta-4 domain at the C-terminal region and exhibit dual enzymatic activities of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-II, GalNAcTII, and glucuronyltransferase-II, GlcAT-II. Chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase, similarly containing two glycosyltransferase domains, shows only GlcAT-I activity, EC 2.4.1.135
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additional information
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CSS2A exhibits both GalNAcT-II and GlcAT-II activities, CSS2B also shows both GalNAcT-II and GlcAT-II activities, but they are 82.8% and 26.5% that of CSS2A, respectively
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additional information
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CSS1, CSS2, and CSS3 contain two glycosyltransferase domains, beta-3 domain at the N-terminal region and beta-4 domain at the C-terminal region and exhibit dual enzymatic activities of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-II, GalNAcTII, and glucuronyltransferase-II, GlcAT-II. Chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase, similarly containing two glycosyltransferase domains, shows only GlcAT-I activity, EC 2.4.1.135
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additional information
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CSS2A exhibits both GalNAcT-II and GlcAT-II activities, CSS2B also shows both GalNAcT-II and GlcAT-II activities, but they are 82.8% and 26.5% that of CSS2A, respectively
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