2.4.1.212: hyaluronan synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about hyaluronan synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.212
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2.4.1.212
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glycosaminoglycans
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collagen
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polysaccharide
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keratinocytes
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cartilage
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4-methylumbelliferone
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proteoglycans
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hyaluronidases
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chondrocytes
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dermal
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mesenchymal
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pericellular
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pasteurella
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udp-glucuronic
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hyals
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versican
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cumulus
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synovial
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vocal
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articular
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aggrecan
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osteoarthritis
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streptococcal
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udp-n-acetylglucosamine
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multocida
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rhamm
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pyogenes
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udp-sugars
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chondroitin
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glucuronic
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procollagen
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synoviocytes
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cumulus-oocyte
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decorin
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udp-glcua
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photoaging
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filaggrin
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equisimilis
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ha-binding
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temporomandibular
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glcua
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perineuronal
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ophthalmopathy
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zooepidemicus
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uvb-irradiated
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ha-mediated
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tnfaip6
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medicine
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hyaluronan-binding
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fibromodulin
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biglycan
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analysis
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synthesis
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drug development
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biotechnology
- 2.4.1.212
- glycosaminoglycans
- collagen
- polysaccharide
- keratinocytes
- cartilage
- 4-methylumbelliferone
- proteoglycans
- hyaluronidases
- chondrocytes
-
dermal
- mesenchymal
-
pericellular
- pasteurella
-
udp-glucuronic
-
hyals
- versican
-
cumulus
- synovial
-
vocal
-
articular
- aggrecan
- osteoarthritis
- streptococcal
- udp-n-acetylglucosamine
- multocida
-
rhamm
- pyogenes
- udp-sugars
- chondroitin
-
glucuronic
- procollagen
- synoviocytes
-
cumulus-oocyte
- decorin
- udp-glcua
-
photoaging
- filaggrin
- equisimilis
-
ha-binding
-
temporomandibular
-
glcua
-
perineuronal
- ophthalmopathy
- zooepidemicus
-
uvb-irradiated
-
ha-mediated
-
tnfaip6
- medicine
-
hyaluronan-binding
- fibromodulin
- biglycan
- analysis
- synthesis
- drug development
- biotechnology
Reaction
Synonyms
CHAS2, CHAS3, class I hyaluronan synthase, CPS1, DG42 protein, HA synthase, HA synthase 3, HA1, HA2, HA3, HAS, HAS-1, HAS-2, HAS-3, HAS1, Has2, Has3, hasA, HASs, HsHAS1, HuHAS1, HyaD, hyaluronan synthase, hyaluronan synthase 1, hyaluronan synthase 2, hyaluronan synthase 3, hyaluronan synthase-1, hyaluronan synthase-2, hyaluronan synthases 2, hyaluronan synthethase, hyaluronate synthase, hyaluronate synthetase, hyaluronic acid synthase, hyaluronic acid synthetase, More, PmHAS, seHAS, XHAS1, XHAS2, XHAS3
ECTree
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Posttranslational Modification
Posttranslational Modification on EC 2.4.1.212 - hyaluronan synthase
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glycoprotein
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HAS activity can be modulated by post-translational modification, such as phosphorylation and N-glycosylation
phosphoprotein
ubiquitination
the enzyme is regulated by post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination. The deubiquitinating enzymes USP4 and USP17 target hyaluronan synthase 2 and differentially affect its function
additional information
human HAS3 expressed in COS-7 cells is serine-phosphorylated. This phosphorylation can be enhanced by a number of effectors, most significantly by a membrane-permeable analogue of cAMP. Under non-stimulating conditions, the FLAGHAS3 is phosphorylated to a stoichiometry of approx. 0.11 in COS-7 cells and, following maximal stimulation with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, phosphorylation is increased to approximately 0.32 mol of phosphate/mol of protein
phosphoprotein
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HAS activity can be modulated by post-translational modification, such as phosphorylation and N-glycosylation
phosphoprotein
AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, phosphorylates HAS2 at Thr110, which inhibits its enzymatic activity. Isoenzymes HAS1 and HAS3 are not modified by the kinase
phosphoprotein
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ERK-mediated serine phosphorylation of all the three HAS isozymes increases their specific activity. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a sensor of the energy status of the cell and is activated by low ATP:AMP ratio, AMPK leads to the inhibition of hyaluronan secretion by HAS2 phosphorylation at residue Thr110
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HAS2 can be O-GlcNAcylated on serine 221, which strongly increases its activity and its stability to half-life of over 5 h versus 17 min without O-GlcNAcylation
additional information
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the treatments of plasma membranes or microsomal membranes with phosphatases or N-glycosidase F reveals that also HAS activity in internal vesicles can be modulated
additional information
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HAS2 is ubiquitinated on Lys190, HAS2 is both mono- and polyubiquitinated