2.4.1.21: starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring)
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring), go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.21
-
2.4.1.21
-
amylose
-
grain
-
amylopectin
-
endosperm
-
pyrophosphorylase
-
maize
-
wheat
-
potato
-
waxy
-
glucans
-
japonica
-
debranching
-
amyloplasts
-
triticum
-
aestivum
-
indica
-
agpase
-
kernel
-
chain-length
-
isoamylase
-
adpglucose
-
sbeiib
-
starch-branching
-
homoeologous
-
starch-binding
-
alpha-glucans
-
2.7.7.27
-
diphosphate-glucose
-
pullulanase
-
high-amylose
-
hexaploid
-
adp-glc
-
amylose-free
-
spikelet
-
grain-filling
-
biofuel production
-
food industry
-
nutrition
-
agriculture
-
chalky
- 2.4.1.21
- amylose
- grain
- amylopectin
- endosperm
-
pyrophosphorylase
- maize
- wheat
- potato
-
waxy
- glucans
- japonica
-
debranching
- amyloplasts
- triticum
- aestivum
- indica
- agpase
- kernel
-
chain-length
- isoamylase
- adpglucose
- sbeiib
-
starch-branching
-
homoeologous
-
starch-binding
- alpha-glucans
-
2.7.7.27
-
diphosphate-glucose
- pullulanase
-
high-amylose
-
hexaploid
- adp-glc
-
amylose-free
-
spikelet
-
grain-filling
- biofuel production
- food industry
- nutrition
- agriculture
-
chalky
Reaction
Synonyms
adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, adenosine diphosphoglucose-starch glucosyltransferase, ADP-glucose starch synthase, ADP-glucose synthase, ADP-glucose transglucosylase, ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, ADP-glucose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase, ADPG starch synthetase, ADPG-starch glucosyltransferase, AtSS2, AtSSII, AtSSIII, CkGBSS, dull1, GBSS, GBSSI, glgA, glucosyltransferase, adenosine diphosphoglucose-starch, glycogen synthase, glycogen/starch synthase, granule bound starch synthase, granule-bound starch synthase, granule-bound starch synthase I, GSase, OsGBSSII, OsSSIII-1, OsSSIII-2, OsSSIV-1, OsSSIV-2, PvSSI, PvSSII-1, SBD123, SS1, SS4, SSI, SSII, SSII(a), SSIIa, SSIIc, SSIII, SSIII(a), SSIII-1, SSIII-B, SSIII-C, SSIIIa, SSIIIb, SSIV, SSS, SSSI, SSV, starch synthase, starch synthase 1, starch synthase 4, starch synthase I, starch synthase II, starch synthase IIa, starch synthase III, starch synthase III-1, starch synthase III-2, starch synthase III-B, starch synthase IIIa, starch synthase IV, starch synthase IV-1, starch synthase IV-2, starch synthetase, starch-synthase III, starch/glycogen synthase, TaSSIVb, TVAG_258220
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2.4.1.21 starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring)Advanced search results
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results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 2.4.1.21 - starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring)
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + 3-phosphomaltose
ADP + ?
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + potato amylopectin
ADP + ?
-
amylopectin is a high affinity substrate
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + rabbit liver glycogen
ADP + ?
-
glycogen is a high affinity substrate
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + 6'''-alpha-maltotriosyl-maltohexaose
ADP + 6''''-alpha-maltotetrasyl-maltohexaose
-
-
starch synthase II elongates only the maltotriose chain
?
ADP-glucose + maltopentaose
ADP + maltohexaose
-
-
granule-bound starch synthase I, smaller amounts of longer malto-oligosaccharides are also produced suggesting that starch synthase I adds 1 or more glucose units to the primer
?
methyl-6'-alpha-maltosyl-alpha-maltotrioside + ADP-glucose
?
-
SSII catalyses an equimolar and non-processive elongation reaction of this substrate. Both of the non-reducing ends of methyl 6'-alpha-maltosyl-6'-maltotrioside are extended equally resulting in two hexasaccharide products in nearly equal amounts
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + amylopectin
ADP + ?
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + amylopectin
ADP + ?
high activity
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogen
ADP + ?
187% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogen
ADP + ?
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogen
ADP + ?
high activity
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltoheptaose
ADP + maltooctaose
80% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltoheptaose
ADP + maltooctaose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltohexaose
ADP + maltoheptaose
90% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltohexaose
ADP + maltoheptaose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltooctaose
ADP + maltononaose
79% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltooctaose
ADP + maltononaose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltopentaose
ADP + maltohexaose
116% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltopentaose
ADP + maltohexaose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltose
ADP + ?
20% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltose
ADP + maltotriose
20% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltose
ADP + maltotriose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltotetraose
ADP + maltopentaose
103% activity compared to maltotriose
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltotetraose
ADP + maltopentaose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltotriose
ADP + maltotetraose
100% activity
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + maltotriose
ADP + maltotetraose
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + soluble starch
ADP + ?
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + soluble starch
ADP + ?
high activity
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
the activity of SSII is required in Arabidopsis for production of the normal frequency of amylopectin chains of DP12 to DP25. None of the other SS classes can completely compensate for loss of SSII, however, SSIII is able to partially function in production of DP12 to DP25 chains
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
SSIII is able to partially function in production of DP12 to DP25 chains. SSIII is not required for the normal population of these chains
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
recombinant SSIII-CD uses with more efficiency rabbit muscle glycogen than amylopectin as primer and displays a high apparent affinity for ADP-Glc
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
SSIII uses preferentially ADP-glucose, although UDP-glucose can also be used as a sugar donor substrate. the N-terminal starch-binding domains have a regulatory role, showing a starch binding capacity and modulating the catalytic properties of SSIII
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
granule-bound starch synthase I is responsible for biosynthesis of extra-long unit chains of amylopectin in rice
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
granule-bound starch synthase I is responsible for biosynthesis of extra-long unit chains of amylopectin in rice
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
function of SSI is mainly involved in the synthesis of small outer chains during amylopectin cluster synthesis
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
SSII is a starch synthase for the synthesis of both transit and storage starch
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
amylopectin chains are synthesized by the coordinated actions of SSI, SSIIa, and SSIIIa isoforms
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
SSI regulates the population of short chains. Low activity of SSI gives rise to the decrease of short chains in amylopectin of indica rice varieties, suggesting that SSI effects the differences in physicochemical properties between the varieties
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
low CO2 level up-regulates GBSS biosynthesis at the transcriptional level
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
low CO2 level up-regulates GBSS biosynthesis at the transcriptional level
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
two insertion mutations at the AtSS3 gene locus, termed Atss3-1 and Atss3-2, condition complete loss of SSIII activity and prevent normal gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Total SS activity is increased in both Atss3 mutants and a specific SS activity appears to be upregulated. In addition to its expected direct role in starch assembly, SSIII also has a negative regulatory function in the biosynthesis of transient starch in Arabidopsis
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptors: Arthrobacter glycogen, potato starch, maltose and maltotriose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
Arthrobacter sp. NRRL B1973
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
Arthrobacter sp. NRRL B1973
-
glucosyl acceptors: Arthrobacter glycogen, potato starch, maltose and maltotriose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
Arthrobacter sp. NRRL B1973
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
Arthrobacter sp. NRRL B1973
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
granule-bound starch synthase I
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
r
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptors: maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose and maltoheptaose
-
r
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
specific for ADPglucose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
less than 5% activity with UDPglucose and GDPglucose instead of ADPglucose, primed and unprimed reaction
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylose
-
r
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: starch
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: starch
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
involved in starch biosynthesis
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
no activity with UDPglucose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
granule-bound starch synthase I synthesizes the amylose component of starch
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
enzyme shows both primed activity with amylopectin as glucose acceptor and unprimed activity in the presence of high citrate and bovine serum albumin, 4fold lower activity with UDPglucose instead of ADPglucose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptors: amylopectin beta-limit dextrin, glycogen E. coli beta-limit dextrin, maltose and maltotriose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
4 isoenzymes, isoenzyme III shows unprimed activity, no activity with UDPglucose and glucose 1-phosphate
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
involved in amylose synthesis in the pericarp
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
enzyme shows both primed and unprimed activity
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: starch
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
2 isoenzymes, 1 isoenzyme synthesizes a polyglucan in the absence of primer
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate independent enzyme requires a glucan primer e.g. rabbit liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: oyster glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
granule-bound isoenzyme I shows higher activity with glycogen as primer than with amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: starch
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: bovine liver glycogen
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate stimulates starch synthesis in the absence of primer
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
citrate stimulates starch synthesis in the absence of primer
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
involved in starch biosynthesis
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: starch
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptors: phytoglycogen, maltotriose, maltotetraose or maltopentaose
-
?
ADP-glucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
ADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
glucosyl acceptor: amylopectin
-
?
ADP-glucose + amylopectin
ADP + ?
N-domain of SSIII functions as a carbohydrate-binding module
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + glycogen
ADP + ?
N-domain of SSIII functions as a carbohydrate-binding module
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + maltotriose
ADP + maltotetraose
-
-
starch synthase II adds only 1 glucose unit to the primer
?
ADP-glucose + maltotriose
ADP + maltotetraose
-
-
granule-bound starch synthase I synthesizes maltotetraose and several higher maltose-oligosaccharides, starch synthase II adds only 1 glucose unit to the primer
?
ADP-glucose + maltotriose
ADP + maltotetraose
-
6.4fold activation of maltotriose elongation by granule-bound starch synthase I by amylopectin promoting a processive mode of maltotriose elongation
-
?
ADP-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
glycogen synthase exhibits specificity in the use of ADP-glucose to elongate alpha-1,4-glucan chains in the polysaccharide
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
substrate is rabbit liver glycogen
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
glycogen synthase exhibits specificity in the use of ADP-glucose to elongate alpha-1,4-glucan chains in the polysaccharide
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
ADP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
substrate is rabbit liver glycogen
-
-
?
dADPglucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
dADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
-
-
?
dADPglucose + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
dADP + alpha-1,4-polyglucan
-
8% of activity with ADPglucose
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
SSIII uses preferentially ADP-glucose, although UDP-glucose can also be used as a sugar donor substrate
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
less than 1% activity with D-glucose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the starch binding domains of starch synthase III bind preferentially to cell wall polysaccharides like cellulose, xylan and pectin rather than to starch
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the barley shrunken grain mutant M292 has a novel high-amylose starch phenotype caused by a mutation in the starch synthase IIa gene (SsIIa) located at the starch excess-6 (sex6) locus on chromosome 7H of barley. The loss of SSIIa enzyme activity leads to a decrease in amylopectin synthesis to less than 20% of the levels found in wild-type grains
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no significant activity with D-glucose as acceptor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSII but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is a substrate for isoforms GBSSI, SSI, and SSIIa but not for SSIII and SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for isoform SSIV
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not a substrate for SSIII
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
amylose-free transgenic sweet potato plants are produced by inhibiting sweet potato GBSSI gene expression through RNA interference
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a defect in starch synthase IIa causes that short A-chains can not reach a sufficient length for branching enzymes to act on them to produce B1-chains
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
amylose in rice leaves is synthesized by OsGBSSII. Two independent pathways may be involved in OsGBSSII expression: sugar-regulating pathway, which is glycolysis-dependent, and an endogenous circadian rhythm-regulated pathway. N-starvation-induced OsGBSSII expression may depend on the sugar-regulating pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the activity of starch synthase IIa determines the type of amylopectin structure of rice starch to be either the typical indica-type or japonica-type, by playing a specific role in the synthesis of the long B1 chains by elongating short A and B1 chains, notwithstanding the presence of functional two additional SSII genes, a single SSI gene, two SSIII genes, and two SSIV genes in the rice plants. Val737 and Leu781 are essential not only for the optimal SSII1 activity, but also for the capacity to synthesize indica-type amylopectin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isoform SSI cannot compensate for the function of isoform SSIIa and elongation of DP higher 30 by isoform SSIIIa
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoform SSIIa preferentially elongates outer but not inner chains of amylopectin. Isoform SSIIa can complement most isoform SSI functions that use glucan chains with DP 6-7 to generate DP 8-12 chains but cannot fully compensate for the elongation of DP 16-19 chains. Isoform SSIIa cannot compensate for elongation of DP higher 30 by isoform SSIIIa
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoform SSIIIa cannot compensate for the function of isoform SSIIa
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not active when UDP-alpha-D-glucose is used as the glucosyl donor substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the starch synthase isoenzymes PvSSI and PvSSII-1 are responsible for synthesis of transistory starch and for the synthesis of storage starch in early developing seeds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
potato starch-synthase synthesizes alpha-(1-4)-linked amylose chains de novo without the need of a primer. D-Glucopyranosyl and D-glucanyl starch chains are covalently attached to the active-site of starch synthase during catalysis. D-Glucose is added to the reducing-end of the growing chain processively, suggesting a two catalytic-site insertion mechanism
-
-
?
