2.4.1.19: cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.19
-
2.4.1.19
-
cyclodextrins
-
cgtases
-
starch
-
synthesis
-
transglycosylation
-
circulans
-
cyclization
-
glucosylated
-
glucoamylase
-
paenibacillus
-
nutrition
-
beta-cyclodextrins
-
alkalophilic
-
gamma-cyclodextrins
-
beta-cds
-
alpha-amylases
-
maltooligosaccharides
-
stearothermophilus
-
disproportionation
-
amylose
-
maltodextrins
-
gamma-cds
-
industry
-
starch-degrading
-
maltohexaose
-
starch-binding
-
amylopectin
-
amylolytic
-
cyclomaltohexaose
-
agriculture
-
alpha-cd
-
maltopentaose
-
food industry
-
pharmacology
-
thermoanaerobacter
-
maltotetraose
-
maltotriose
-
beta-amylase
-
amyloglucosidase
-
pullulanase
-
alpha-1,4-glucans
-
thermosulfurigenes
-
acarbose
-
thermoanaerobacterium
- 2.4.1.19
- cyclodextrins
- cgtases
- starch
- synthesis
-
transglycosylation
- circulans
-
cyclization
-
glucosylated
- glucoamylase
- paenibacillus
- nutrition
- beta-cyclodextrins
-
alkalophilic
- gamma-cyclodextrins
- beta-cds
- alpha-amylases
- maltooligosaccharides
- stearothermophilus
-
disproportionation
- amylose
- maltodextrins
-
gamma-cds
- industry
-
starch-degrading
- maltohexaose
-
starch-binding
- amylopectin
-
amylolytic
- cyclomaltohexaose
- agriculture
-
alpha-cd
- maltopentaose
- food industry
- pharmacology
- thermoanaerobacter
- maltotetraose
- maltotriose
- beta-amylase
- amyloglucosidase
- pullulanase
- alpha-1,4-glucans
- thermosulfurigenes
- acarbose
-
thermoanaerobacterium
Reaction
Synonyms
1,4-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl transferase, Akrilex C cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glycosyltransferase, cyclizing, alpha-cgt, alpha-CGTase, alpha-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, alpha-cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, alpha-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, Bacillus macerans amylase, beta-CGTase, beta-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, beta-cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, beta-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, beta-cyclodextrinase, BMA, C-CGTase, CD glucanotransferase, CGT, CGT13, CGTase, cgtS, CGTse ET1, CGT_TK, cyclodextrin beta-glucanotransferase, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, cyclodextrin-glycosyltransferase, cyclodextrinase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanyltransferase, cyclomaltodextrin glucotransferase, cyclomaltodextrin glycanotransferase, cyclomaltodextrin glycosyltransferase, gamma-CGTase, gamma-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, konchizaimu, M-CGTase, More, neutral-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, PFCGT, Toruzyme
ECTree
2.4.1.19 cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferaseAdvanced search results
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results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 2.4.1.19 - cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose
4,6-benzylidene-alpha-D-4-nitrophenylmaltoheptaose + D-glucose
4,6-benzylidene-maltopentaose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)2-D-glucose
-
blocked p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)6-D-glucose , weak cleavage
-
-
?
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclohexaamylose + cycloheptaamylose + cyclooctaamylose
alpha-cyclodextrin + ascorbic acid
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-oligoglucoside
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + D-glucose
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + D-lactose
O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + glucose
alpha-cyclodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
alpha-cyclodextrin + isoascorbic acid
L-isoascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + L-isoascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-oligoglucoside
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltohexaose
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltose
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltotetraose
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltotriose
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + sucrose
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
alpha-cyclodextrin is preferentially produced. With a longer incubation period, the alpha-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin ratio declines
larger cyclodextrins (>8 glucose units) are formed in the initial reaction period
-
?
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose + cyclohexaamylose + exo-branched cyclohexaamylose
amylose + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
alpha-cyclodextrin is preferentially produced. With a longer incubation period, the alpha-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin ratio declines
larger cyclodextrins (>8 glucose units) are formed in the initial reaction period
-
?
amylose + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrin
-
-
higher yield of large-ring cyclodextrins are ontained with a reaction temperature of 60°C compared to 40°C
-
?
amylose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + D-glucose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
beta-cyclodextrin + maltohexaose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltotetraose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
cassava starch + D-glucose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharides
corn starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
beta-cyclodextrin is the major product
-
?
corn starch + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + malto-oligosaccharides
-
-
-
-
?
cyclomaltohexaose + cyclo-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Glp-(1-6)]
cyclo-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-4)]-alpha-D-Glp-(1-6)] + ?
-
-
-
-
?
cyclomaltohexaose + cyclo-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Glp-(1-6)]
cyclo-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-4)]-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-4)]-alpha-D-Glp-(1-6)] + ?
-
-
-
-
?
cyclomaltohexaose + D-lactose
O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + maltooligosyl sugars
cyclomaltohexaose + methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside
maltodextrin glycoside
-
the reactions are optimized by using different ratios of the D-glucopyranosides to cyclomaltohexaose. The lower ratios of 0.5-1.0 give a wide range of sizes from d.p. 2-17 and higher. As the molar ratio is increased from 1.0 to 3.0, the larger sizes, d.p. 917, decrease, and the small and intermediate sizes, d.p. 28, increase. As the molar ratios are increased further from 3.0 to 5.0, the large sizes completely disappear, the intermediate sizes, d.p. 48, decrease, and the small sizes, d.p. 2 and 3 become predominant
-
-
?
cyclomaltohexaose + methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
maltodextrin glycoside
-
the reactions are optimized by using different ratios of the D-glucopyranosides to cyclomaltohexaose. The lower ratios of 0.5-1.0 give a wide range of sizes from d.p. 2-17 and higher. As the molar ratio is increased from 1.0 to 3.0, the larger sizes, d.p. 917, decrease, and the small and intermediate sizes, d.p. 28, increase. As the molar ratios are increased further from 3.0 to 5.0, the large sizes completely disappear, the intermediate sizes, d.p. 48, decrease, and the small sizes, d.p. 2 and 3 become predominant
-
-
?
cyclomaltohexaose + phenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside
maltodextrin glycoside
-
the reactions are optimized by using different ratios of the D-glucopyranosides to cyclomaltohexaose. The lower ratios of 0.51.0 give a wide range of sizes from d.p. 217 and higher. As the molar ratio is increased from 1.0 to 3.0, the larger sizes, d.p. 917, decrease, and the small and intermediate sizes, d.p. 28, increase. As the molar ratios are increased further from 3.0 to 5.0, the large sizes completely disappear, the intermediate sizes, d.p. 48, decrease, and the small sizes, d.p. 2 and 3 become predominant
-
-
?
cyclomaltohexaose + phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
maltodextrin glycoside
-
the reactions are optimized by using different ratios of the D-glucopyranosides to cyclomaltohexaose. The lower ratios of 0.51.0 give a wide range of sizes from d.p. 217 and higher. As the molar ratio is increased from 1.0 to 3.0, the larger sizes, d.p. 917, decrease, and the small and intermediate sizes, d.p. 28, increase. As the molar ratios are increased further from 3.0 to 5.0, the large sizes completely disappear, the intermediate sizes, d.p. 48, decrease, and the small sizes, d.p. 2 and 3 become predominant
-
-
?
dextrin
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin
-
the maximum conversion of dextrin to beta-cyclodextrin and alpha-cyclodextrin is 29% both for the soluble and immobilized enzymes
-
-
?
gamma-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
genistein + alpha-cyclodextrin
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
genistein + beta-cyclodextrin
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
genistein + D-glucose
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
very low activity with D-glucose als glysosyl donor
-
-
?
genistein + maltodextrin
alpha-cyclodextrins
less than 20% conversion ratio
-
-
?
genistein + maltodextrin
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
genistein + maltose
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
genistein + starch
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
genistein + sucrose
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
very low activity with sucrose als glysosyl donor
-
-
?
hydrolyzed potato starch + (-)-epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate 3'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + epigallocatechin gallate 7-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
L-ascorbic acid + beta-cyclodextrin
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + ?
-
-
-
?
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)2 + glycosyl acceptor
L-ascorbic acid alpha-D-glucoside + D-glucosyl-[glycosyl acceptor]
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)2 + H2O
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + D-glucose
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)3 + glycosyl acceptor
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)2 + D-glucosyl-[glycosyl acceptor]
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)3 + H2O
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)2 + D-glucose
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)4 + glycosyl acceptor
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)3 + glucosyl-[glycosyl acceptor]
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)4 + H2O
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)3 + D-glucose
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + H2O
L-ascorbic acid + D-glucose
-
-
-
?
linear alpha-(1,4)-glucan DP 29 + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
linear alpha-(1,4)-glucan DP 38 + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
linear alpha-(1,4)-glucan DP 44 + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
linear alpha-(1,4)-glucan DP 53,116 + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
linear alpha-(1,4)-glucan DP 65,166 + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cylodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin
maltodextrin DE 4-7 + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
maltohexaose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid + ?
-
-
-
-
?
maltohexaose + L-ascorbic acid
L-ascorbic acid-(2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl)6
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
r
maltopentaose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltose + ascorbic acid
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + D-glucose
-
-
-
r
maltose + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
maltotetraose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
methanol + maltodextrin
alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
?
native starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
alpha-cyclodextrin is preferentially produced. With a longer incubation period, the alpha-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin ratio declines
larger cyclodextrins (>8 glucose units) are formed in the initial reaction period
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)2-D-glucose + glycosyl acceptor
p-nitrophenyl-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose + ?
-
E 192
main product p-nitrophenyl-glucose when chain length of substrate is 4 glucose or less, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose when substrate chain length is 5 or more glucose residues
?
p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)3-D-glucose + glycosyl acceptor
p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)2-D-glucose + ?
-
E 192
product proportions 48:31:21
?
p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)6-D-glucose + glycosyl acceptor
p-nitrophenyl-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(glucose)3 + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)3-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)4-D-glucose + ?
-
E 192
product proportions 33:27:16:6:17
?
p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)7-D-glucose + glycosyl acceptor
p-nitrophenyl-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)2-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)3-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)4-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)5-D-glucose + ?
-
E 192
product proportions 16:51:12:13:4:4
?
p-nitrophenyl-(glucose)5 + glycosyl acceptor
p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside + p-nitrophenyl 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-D-glucopyranosyl)2-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-D-glucopyranosyl)3-D-glucose
-
E 192
product proportions 32:50:12 6
?
p-nitrophenyl-(glucose)6 + glycosyl acceptor
p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside + p-nitrophenyl 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)2-D-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-(alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl)3-D-glucose + ?
-
E 192
product proportions 18:53:21:8
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
soluble potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
soluble potato starch + sucrose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
soluble starch
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
poly-lysine fused immobilization increases the Vmax of the immobilized CGTase by 40% without a change in Km. Maximum alpha-cyclodextrin productivity of 539.4 g/l*h is obtained with 2% soluble starch solution which is constantly fed at a flow rate of 4.0 ml/min in a continuous operation mode of a packed-bed reactor
-
-
?
soluble starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
-
11.7 mg/l of cyclodextrins produced after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cylodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
soluble starch + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + malto-oligosaccharides
-
-
-
-
?
sophoricoside + maltodextrin
Glc-sophoricoside + Glc2-sophoricoside + Glc3-sophoricoside + Glc4-sophoricoside + Glc5-sophoricoside + Glc6-sophoricoside
more than 40% conversion ratio
-
-
?
starch
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
starch + ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
r
starch + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin and gamma-cyclodextrin in the ratio of 0.26:1.0:0.86
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrin
-
the cyclodextrin product specificity can be changed into linear product specificity, by introducing a five-residue insertion mutation at the donor substrate binding subsites. The CGTase mutants remain clearly different from the maltogenic alpha-amylase, as they have much lower hydrolytic activities, they form linear products of variable sizes and they retain a low cyclodextrin forming activity, whereas maltogenic alpha-amylases produce primarily maltose. The five-residue insertion, concomitantly, strongly enhances the exo-specificity of CGTase
-
-
?
starch + maltose
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharides
-
-
-
-
?
stevioside + beta-cyclodextrin
4'-O-alpha-D-glycosyl stevioside + 4''-O-alpha-D-maltosyl stevioside + ?
sweet potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
wheat flour + polyphenol
gallic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + ellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + catechin-4'-O-glucopyranoside
-
polyphenols derived from Moringa oleifera leaves extract
-
-
?
wheat starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose
-
strain 1011, disproportionation
-
-
?
4,6-O-ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside + maltose
?
-
maltose as donor and acceptor, overview
-
-
?
4,6-O-ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside + maltose
?
-
maltose as donor and acceptor, overview
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoheptaoside-4-6-O-ethylidene + maltose
?
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoheptaoside-4-6-O-ethylidene + maltose
?
-
-
-
?
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
strain 1011
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
strain 1011
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
strain 1011
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
strain 1011
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclohexaamylose + cycloheptaamylose + cyclooctaamylose
-
-
product ratio 1: 2.4: 1
r
alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor
cyclohexaamylose + cycloheptaamylose + cyclooctaamylose
-
-
product ratio 1: 2.4: 1
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + D-lactose
O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + glucose
-
-
oligosaccharide A
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + D-lactose
O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + glucose
-
-
oligosaccharide A
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
highest activity with alpha-cyclodextrin as glycosyl donor
-
-
?
alpha-cyclodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
Paenibacillus macerans CCTCC M203062
-
highest activity with alpha-cyclodextrin as glycosyl donor
-
-
?
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
Niallia circulans E 192
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
-
r
alpha-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
highest activity, 40% conversion rate
-
-
?
alpha-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
highest activity
-
-
?
alpha-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
30% conversion rate
-
-
?
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose + cyclohexaamylose + exo-branched cyclohexaamylose
-
-
-
r
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose + cyclohexaamylose + exo-branched cyclohexaamylose
-
-
-
-
r
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose + cyclohexaamylose + exo-branched cyclohexaamylose
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
r
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose + cyclohexaamylose + exo-branched cyclohexaamylose
-
C31
-
-
?
amylopectin + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose + cyclohexaamylose + exo-branched cyclohexaamylose
-
C31
-
-
?
amylose
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
catalyzes the conversion of amylose to cyclodextrins, circular alpha-(1,4)-linked glucopyranose oligosaccharides of different ring sizes, the cyclodextrin containing 12 alpha-D-glucopyranose residues is preferentially synthesized by the enzyme. Interactions at oligosaccharide-binding subsites located close to the catalytic site apparently play a more important role in the determination of the size of the cyclodextrin formed
product identification by amperometric detection, overview
-
?
amylose
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
catalyzes the conversion of amylose to cyclodextrins, circular alpha-(1,4)-linked glucopyranose oligosaccharides of different ring sizes, the cyclodextrin containing 12 alpha-D-glucopyranose residues is preferentially synthesized by the enzyme. Interactions at oligosaccharide-binding subsites located close to the catalytic site apparently play a more important role in the determination of the size of the cyclodextrin formed
product identification by amperometric detection, overview
-
?
amylose + glycosyl acceptor
?
-
NO2, spiral amylose
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranose
?
-
beta-cyclodextrin as a glycosyl donor and 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranose as a glycosyl acceptor
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranose
?
-
beta-cyclodextrin as a glycosyl donor and 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranose as a glycosyl acceptor
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + D-glucose
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + D-glucose
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + D-glucose
?
Niallia circulans E 192
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
-
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + genistein
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
Paenibacillus macerans CCTCC M203062
-
-
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
1% conversion rate
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
1% conversion rate
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
30% conversion rate
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
37% conversion rate
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
37% conversion rate
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
9% conversion rate
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltotriose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
-
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltotriose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + maltotriose
alpha-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharide
-
immobilized enzyme
-
r
beta-cyclodextrin + salicin
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + salicin
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
beta-cyclodextrin + salicin
?
Niallia circulans E 192
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cassava starch + D-glucose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharides
-
the native and recombinant enzymes show 48.8% and 47.8% conversion, respectively
-
-
?
cassava starch + D-glucose
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + maltooligosaccharides
Paenibacillus barengoltzii DF 9 R
-
the native and recombinant enzymes show 48.8% and 47.8% conversion, respectively
-
-
?
corn starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
-
0.17 mg/l of cyclodextrins produced after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
corn starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
Microbacterium terrae KNR 9
-
0.17 mg/l of cyclodextrins produced after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
corn starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
corn starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
cycloamylose + D-glucose
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cycloamylose + D-glucose
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cycloamylose + D-glucose
?
Niallia circulans E 192
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cycloamylose + salicin
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cycloamylose + salicin
?
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cycloamylose + salicin
?
Niallia circulans E 192
-
E 192, rapid degradation of beta-cyclodextrin by increasing the coupling reaction
-
-
?
cyclodextrins + acceptor
linear maltooligosaccharide
-
strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening
-
r
cyclodextrins + acceptor
linear maltooligosaccharide
-
strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening
-
r
cyclodextrins + acceptor
linear maltooligosaccharide
-
strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening
-
r
cyclodextrins + acceptor
linear maltooligosaccharide
-
strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening
-
r
cyclomaltohexaose + D-lactose
O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + maltooligosyl sugars
-
-
oligosaccharide A
r
cyclomaltohexaose + D-lactose
O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside + maltooligosyl sugars
-
-
oligosaccharide A
r
dextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
dextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
dextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
highest activity, 17% conversion rate
-
-
?
dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside + alpha-cyclodextrin
dodecyl-beta-D-maltooctaoside + ?
-
the equilibrium lays to 80% on the side of dodecyl-beta-D-maltooctaoside production when the enzyme from Bacillus macerans is used as biocatalyst
-
-
r
dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside + alpha-cyclodextrin
dodecyl-beta-D-maltooctaoside + ?
-
-
-
-
r
gamma-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
gamma-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
gamma-cyclodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
genistein + alpha-cyclodextrin
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
-
highest activity with alpha-cyclodextrin as glycosyl donor
-
-
?
genistein + alpha-cyclodextrin
genistein monoglucoside + genistein diglucoside + genistein triglucoside + genistein tetraglucoside
Paenibacillus macerans CCTCC M203062
-
highest activity with alpha-cyclodextrin as glycosyl donor
-
-
?
glycogen + acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
glycogen + acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
L-ascorbic acid + maltodextrin
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + ?
-
-
-
?
L-ascorbic acid + maltodextrin
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + ?
-
-
-
?
L-ascorbic acid + maltodextrin
L-ascorbic acid-2-O-alpha-D-glucoside + ?
-
-
-
?
linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor
?
-
strain 1011, disproportionation reaction
-
-
r
linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor
?
-
strain 1011, disproportionation reaction
-
-
r
linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor
?
-
strain 1011, disproportionation reaction
-
-
r
linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor
?
-
strain 1011, disproportionation reaction
-
-
r
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans STB01
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
displays unusually high amylolytic activity in relation to the cyclization activity. Disproportionation activity of the CGTase is optimal with maltose as the acceptor substrate. Cyclization reaction and beta-cyclodextrin formation are significantly promoted in the presence of CaCl2. The salt allows the cyclization reaction to be performed at higher temperature
the product of cyclization reaction is predominantly beta-cyclodextrin along with alpha-cyclodextrin as a minor product. The CDs profile is influenced by the reaction conditions. At pH 10, alpha-cyclodextrin is replaced by gamma-cyclodextrin formation
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
displays unusually high amylolytic activity in relation to the cyclization activity. Disproportionation activity of the CGTase is optimal with maltose as the acceptor substrate. Cyclization reaction and beta-cyclodextrin formation are significantly promoted in the presence of CaCl2. The salt allows the cyclization reaction to be performed at higher temperature
the product of cyclization reaction is predominantly beta-cyclodextrin along with alpha-cyclodextrin as a minor product. The CDs profile is influenced by the reaction conditions. At pH 10, alpha-cyclodextrin is replaced by gamma-cyclodextrin formation
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cylodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cylodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans STB01
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin
38% conversion
-
-
?
maltodextrin + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans STB01
38% conversion
-
-
?
maltodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid + ?
-
-
-
-
?
maltodextrin + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid + ?
-
-
-
-
?
maltoheptaose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltoheptaose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltooligosaccharides + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
maltooligosaccharides + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
maltose + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
maltose + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
E 192, poor substrate
-
r
maltose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
Bacillus sp. SK 13.002
-
20% conversion rate
-
-
?
maltose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltotetraose + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
r
maltotriose + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
maltotriose + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
?
maltotriose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
maltotriose + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
naringin + maltodextrin
?
cyclization reaction with naringin as acceptor and maltodextrin as donor
-
-
?
naringin + maltodextrin
?
cyclization reaction with naringin as acceptor and maltodextrin as donor
-
-
?
Paselli starch
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
78% conversion, 1.9fold higher activity with Paselli starch than with soluble starch
-
?
Paselli starch
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
78% conversion, 1.9fold higher activity with Paselli starch than with soluble starch
-
?
potato starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
-
best substrate giving 13.46 mg/l of cyclodextrins after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
potato starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
Microbacterium terrae KNR 9
-
best substrate giving 13.46 mg/l of cyclodextrins after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
worst substrate
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
uncultured Carboxydocella sp. MAT3016
-
worst substrate
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA 1919
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA A7/1
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA T4
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA t6
-
AL-6
-
-
r
potato starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
potato starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
raw corn starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
ratio of beta- to gamma-cyclodextrin products is about 4:1
-
?
raw corn starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
ratio of beta- to gamma-cyclodextrin products is about 4:1
-
?
raw starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
sole products, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin in a ratio of 80%:20%
-
?
raw starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
sole products, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin in a ratio of 80%:20%
-
?
rice starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
highest activity
-
-
?
rice starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
highest activity
-
-
?
rice starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
rice starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
sago starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
-
second best substrate giving 12.96 mg/l of cyclodextrins after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
sago starch + ?
beta-cyclodextrins
Microbacterium terrae KNR 9
-
second best substrate giving 12.96 mg/l of cyclodextrins after 1 h of incubation at 60°C
-
-
?
soluble potato starch
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
ratio of products is alpha-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin to gamma-cyclodextrin 1:0.6:0.3
-
?
soluble potato starch
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
ratio for alpha- to beta- to gamma-cyclodextrin 1:1.3:0.5
-
?
soluble potato starch
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans DF 9R
-
-
ratio for alpha- to beta- to gamma-cyclodextrin 1:1.3:0.5
-
?
soluble potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
the native and recombinant enzymes show 45.2% and 43.2% conversion, respectively
-
-
?
soluble potato starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Paenibacillus barengoltzii DF 9 R
-
the native and recombinant enzymes show 45.2% and 43.2% conversion, respectively
-
-
?
soluble starch
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
at the initial stage of the reaction, alpha-cyclodextrin is the main product. Subsequently, the proportion of beta-cyclodextrin increases and becomes the main product after prolonged incubation. After 10 h or 40 h of incubation, the conversion rates of starch into cyclodextrins are 36.8% or 42.3%, respectively
-
?
soluble starch
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
at the initial stage of the reaction, alpha-cyclodextrin is the main product. Subsequently, the proportion of beta-cyclodextrin increases and becomes the main product after prolonged incubation. After 10 h or 40 h of incubation, the conversion rates of starch into cyclodextrins are 36.8% or 42.3%, respectively
-
?
soluble starch
beta-cyclodextrin
-
51.5% conversion
71% of total cyclodextrin formed
-
?
soluble starch
beta-cyclodextrin
-
51.5% conversion
71% of total cyclodextrin formed
-
?
soluble starch + D-galactose
?
-
less efficient acceptor
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-galactose
?
-
less efficient acceptor
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-glucose
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-glucose
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + D-maltose
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-xylose
?
-
less efficient acceptor
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-xylose
?
-
less efficient acceptor
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-xylose
?
-
less efficient acceptor
-
-
r
soluble starch + D-xylose
?
-
less efficient acceptor
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA 1919
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA A7/1
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA T4
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA t6
-
INMIA 1919
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
Paenibacillus macerans CCTCC M203062
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
producing ratio 0.0: 4.0: 1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA 1919
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA A7/1
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA T4
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA t6
-
INMIA A/7
INMIA A/7, product proportions 1: 58.4: 7.4
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
producing ratio 0.0: 0.0: 1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
producing ratio 0.0: 0.0: 1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product proportions 0.2:9.2:0.6 from gelatinized tapioca starch, 0.2:8.6:1.2 from raw wheat starch
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product proportions 4.2: 5.9: 1
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
producing ratio 5.5: 8.0: 1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product proportions 4.2: 5.9: 1
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
producing ratio 5.5: 8.0: 1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product proportions 1: 67: 1.6
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
strain ATCC 21783, pH 4.5-4.7, producing ratio 23.5: 1.0: 1.0, pH 7.0 0.2: 6.0: 1.0, product ratio 2.0:5.0:1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
21783, neutral CGTase, 0.4, 14 and 2.5%
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
strain 251, product proportions 9: 82: 9 with addition of tert-butanol, 15: 65: 20 without solvent
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
strain 251, product proportions 9: 82: 9 with addition of tert-butanol, 15: 65: 20 without solvent
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans BIO-3m
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
ratio 12: 82: 6
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
ratio 12: 82: 6
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
IFO 3490, product proportions 2.7: 1: 1
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
potato starch, sweet potato starch, rice starch, corn starch, wheat starch
producing ratio 5.0: 2.0: 1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
IFO 3490, product proportions 2.7: 1: 1
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product ratio 2.0:5.0:1.0
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product proportions 1: 2.4: 1
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product proportions 1: 2.4: 1
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product ratios 43% alpha-cyclodextrin, 46% beta-cyclodextrin and 11% gamma-cyclodextrin
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
product ratios 43% alpha-cyclodextrin, 46% beta-cyclodextrin and 11% gamma-cyclodextrin
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
potato starch, sweet potato starch, rice starch, corn starch, wheat starch
potato starch, 20 h at 50°C, ratio 8.1: 8.9: 1.0, various conditions, product proportions 1.0: 1.0: 0.3
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Weizmannia coagulans BIO-13m
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
strain NO2
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
Geobacillus stearothermophilus ET1/NO2
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
strain NO2
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
C31
product ratio 1: 10.5
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
C31
product ratio 1: 10.5
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
60.3% conversion rate with 3% (w/v) soluble starch
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
60.3% conversion rate with 3% (w/v) soluble starch
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
uncultured Carboxydocella sp. MAT3016
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus autolyticus
-
potato starch, small amounts of alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus autolyticus 11149
-
potato starch, small amounts of alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA T42, INMIA A7/1
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Ha3-3-2 / ATCC 39612
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
E 192, waxy maize starch is the best substrate, wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
E 192, waxy maize starch is the best substrate, wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans E 192
-
E 192, waxy maize starch is the best substrate, wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA 3849
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
INMIA 3849
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans STB01
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
41.6% conversion
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cylodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
45.2% conversion yield
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + alpha-cylodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans STB01
45.2% conversion yield
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus BA-4229
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
tapioca starch is the best substrate
production ratio of beta-cyclodextrin to gamma-cyclodextrin is 0.11/0.89 after 24 h at 60°C, without presence of any selective agents
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
tapioca starch is the best substrate
production ratio of beta-cyclodextrin to gamma-cyclodextrin is 0.11/0.89 after 24 h at 60°C, without presence of any selective agents
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA 1919
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA A7/1
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA T4
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) INMIA t6
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
Niallia circulans BIO-3m
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
tapioca starch, wheat starch
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
corn starch
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
corn starch
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
beta-cyclodextrin is the main product
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
Niallia circulans STB01
-
-
beta-cyclodextrin is the main product
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
alpha-cyclodextrin is the main product
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
alpha-cyclodextrin is the main product
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose
-
No. 5 strain
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
cycloheptaamylose
-
No. 5 strain
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin
-
AL-6
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin
-
strain no.313
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin
-
strain no.313
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
alpha-cyclodextrin production is not observed at any pH examined. The enzyme produces gamma-cyclodextrin principally at any pH and the ratio of gamma-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin is always more than 1.7 and 4.7 with 1% and 10% substrate
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
gamma-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) G-825-6
-
-
alpha-cyclodextrin production is not observed at any pH examined. The enzyme produces gamma-cyclodextrin principally at any pH and the ratio of gamma-cyclodextrin to beta-cyclodextrin is always more than 1.7 and 4.7 with 1% and 10% substrate
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
maltose + maltotriose + maltotetraose + maltopentaose
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
maltose + maltotriose + maltotetraose + maltopentaose
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
maltose + maltotriose + maltotetraose + maltopentaose
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
Schardinger beta-dextrin
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
Schardinger beta-dextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
Schardinger beta-dextrin
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
Schardinger beta-dextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
?
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
Schardinger beta-dextrin
-
ATCC 21783
-
-
r
soluble starch + glycosyl acceptor
Schardinger dextrins
-
-
-
-
r
soluble starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
-
-
-
-
?
soluble starch + L-ascorbic acid
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
Paenibacillus sp. JK-12
-
-
-
-
?
starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
86% beta-cyclodextrin and 14% of gamma-cyclodextrin are produced after 24 h incubation at 60°C, without adding any selective agent, in 0.1 M phosphate buffer
-
-
?
starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
86% beta-cyclodextrin and 14% of gamma-cyclodextrin are produced after 24 h incubation at 60°C, without adding any selective agent, in 0.1 M phosphate buffer
-
-
?
starch
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
the maximum starch conversion to beta-cyclodextrin and gamma-cyclodextrin is 29% and 38%, for the immobilized and soluble enzyme, respectively
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
enzymes from Escherichia coli, Bacillus macerans and Bacillus subtilis show similar production profile in cyclization reaction
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
enzymes from Escherichia coli, Bacillus macerans and Bacillus subtilis show similar pruduction profile in cyclization reaction
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
enzymes from Escherichia coli, Bacillus macerans and Bacillus subtilis show similar pruduction profile in cyclization reaction
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
to manipulate the product specificity of the Paenibacillus sp. A11 and Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases towards the preferential formation of gamma-cyclodextrin (CD8), crosslinked imprinted protein of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is prepared by applying enzyme imprinting and immobilization methodologies. The native enzyme produces CD6:CD7:CD8:CD9 ratios of 43:36:21:0 at 40°C. The size of the synthesis products formed bythe crosslinked imprinted cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases is shifted towards CD8 and CD9, and the overall cyclodextrin yield is increased by 12% compared to the native enzymes
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
enzymes from Escherichia coli, Bacillus macerans and Bacillus subtilis show similar pruduction profile in cyclization reaction
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
to manipulate the product specificity of the Paenibacillus sp. A11 and Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases towards the preferential formation of gamma-cyclodextrin (CD8), crosslinked imprinted protein of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is prepared by applying enzyme imprinting and immobilization methodologies. The native enzyme produces CD6:CD7:CD8:CD9 ratios of 15:65:20:0 at 40°C. The size of the synthesis products formed by the crosslinked imprinted cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases is shifted towards CD8 and CD9, and the overall cyclodextrin yield is increased by 12% compared to the native enzymes
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
to manipulate the product specificity of the Paenibacillus sp. A11 and Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases towards the preferential formation of gamma-cyclodextrin (CD8), crosslinked imprinted protein of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is prepared by applying enzyme imprinting and immobilization methodologies. The native enzyme produces CD6:CD7:CD8:CD9 ratios of 15:65:20:0 at 40°C. The size of the synthesis products formed by the crosslinked imprinted cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases is shifted towards CD8 and CD9, and the overall cyclodextrin yield is increased by 12% compared to the native enzymes
-
-
?
starch
cyclodextrin
-
in acetatebuffer, pH 6.0, 60°C, the CGTase produces pre dominantly beta-cyclodextrin from either raw or gelatinized sago (Cycas revoluta) starch. Changing the buffer from acetate to phosphate reduces the yield of beta-cyclodextrin from 2.48 to 1.42 mg/ml, production of both alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins are more pronounced. The decrease in the production of cyclodextrins in phosphate buffer is significant at both pH 6.0 and 7.0. Changing the buffer to Tris/HCl (pH 7.0) shows a significant increase in beta-cyclodextrin production
-
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
-
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
the main product is alpha-cyclodextrin
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
the main product is alpha-cyclodextrin
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
the main product is alpha-cyclodextrin
-
?
starch + glycosyl acceptor
cyclodextrins
-
-
the main product is alpha-cyclodextrin
-
?
starch + stevioside
glycosyl stevioside
-
extrusion starch, raw starch and liquefied starch as glucosyl donor
-
-
r
stevioside + beta-cyclodextrin
4'-O-alpha-D-glycosyl stevioside + 4''-O-alpha-D-maltosyl stevioside + ?
-
1,4-intermolecular transglycosylation, the substrate is an entkaurene diterpene glycoside, and is a constituent in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. It has therapeutic importance as substitute of sugar for diabetics. Enhancement of thre reaction under microwave assisted reaction, overview
formed to 66% and 24%, respectively, product identification by detailed NMR, LC-MS/MS studies
-
?
stevioside + beta-cyclodextrin
4'-O-alpha-D-glycosyl stevioside + 4''-O-alpha-D-maltosyl stevioside + ?
Cytobacillus firmus 5119
-
1,4-intermolecular transglycosylation, the substrate is an entkaurene diterpene glycoside, and is a constituent in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. It has therapeutic importance as substitute of sugar for diabetics. Enhancement of thre reaction under microwave assisted reaction, overview
formed to 66% and 24%, respectively, product identification by detailed NMR, LC-MS/MS studies
-
?
stevioside + maltodextrin
?
-
the enzyme from strain BL-12 is more suitable for transglycosylation than the cyclization reaction, and is specific for the intermolecular transglycosylation of stevioside with maltodextrin as the most suitable glycosyl donor
-
-
?
stevioside + maltodextrin
?
-
the enzyme from strain BL-12 is more suitable for transglycosylation than the cyclization reaction, and is specific for the intermolecular transglycosylation of stevioside with maltodextrin as the most suitable glycosyl donor
-
-
?
stevioside + starch
?
-
soluble, extrusion, or potato starch
-
-
?
stevioside + starch
?
-
soluble, extrusion, or potato starch
-
-
?
wheat starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
-
best substrate, the enzyme is preferentially forming alpha- (50%) and beta-cyclodextrin (40%) in the cyclization reaction using wheat starch as substrate
-
-
?
wheat starch + glycosyl acceptor
alpha-cyclodextrin + beta-cyclodextrin + gamma-cyclodextrin
uncultured Carboxydocella sp. MAT3016
-
best substrate, the enzyme is preferentially forming alpha- (50%) and beta-cyclodextrin (40%) in the cyclization reaction using wheat starch as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
D-glucuronate is ineffective as acceptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
D-glucuronate is ineffective as acceptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus BA-4229
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus BA-4229
-
D-glucuronate is ineffective as acceptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with D-glucose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the immobilized enzyme, of both strains, as membrane biocatalysts forms mainly beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins after 6 h enzyme reaction at pH 9.0 of the reaction mixture, 35-37% of the reaction products formed are gamma-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
increasing substrate concentrations (0.5%-20.0%) and glucans containing branching points (alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages) shift the product pattern to: beta-cyclodextrin > alpha-cyclodextrin > gamma-cyclodextrin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Anaerobranca gottschalkii produces alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Bacillus autolyticus
-
sorbitol, mannitol, xylulose, galactose, fructose, lactose, glycerol and arabinose are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Bacillus autolyticus 11149
-
sorbitol, mannitol, xylulose, galactose, fructose, lactose, glycerol and arabinose are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus lichenifoormis produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus obhensis produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isolation of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains and determination of their phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glycosyl donor specificity for intermolecular transglycosylation of stevioside, overview, cyclization reaction with soluble starch as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme from strain BL-31 is highly specific for the intermolecular transglycosylation of bioflavonoids, with high specificities for glycosyl acceptor bioflavonoids, including naringin, rutin, and hesperidin, and especially naringin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme from strain BL-31 is highly specific for the intermolecular transglycosylation of bioflavonoids, with high specificities for glycosyl acceptor bioflavonoids, including naringin, rutin, and hesperidin, and especially naringin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme produces cyclodextrins from starch, enzymes from strains 20RF and 8SB Bacillus strains form only two types of cyclodextrins, beta and gamma
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus strains produce beta-cyclodextrins, strain G-825-6 also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain G-825-6 produces beta-cyclodextrins and alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
production of beta-cyclodextrin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is soluble starch, formation of beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme's surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus strains produce beta-cyclodextrins, strain G-825-6 also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain G-825-6 produces beta-cyclodextrins and alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme's surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glycosyl donor specificity for intermolecular transglycosylation of stevioside, overview, cyclization reaction with soluble starch as substrate
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus strains produce beta-cyclodextrins, strain G-825-6 also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain G-825-6 produces beta-cyclodextrins and alpha-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain produces beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme's surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme from strain BL-31 is highly specific for the intermolecular transglycosylation of bioflavonoids, with high specificities for glycosyl acceptor bioflavonoids, including naringin, rutin, and hesperidin, and especially naringin
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus strains produce beta-cyclodextrins, strain G-825-6 also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain G-825-6 produces beta-cyclodextrins and alpha-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain produces beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme's surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is soluble starch, formation of beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus strains produce beta-cyclodextrins, strain G-825-6 also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain G-825-6 produces beta-cyclodextrins and alpha-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme's surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus strains produce beta-cyclodextrins, strain G-825-6 also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain G-825-6 produces beta-cyclodextrins and alpha-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from the Bacillus strain produces beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme's surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
when the coupling reaction is measured utilizing beta-cyclodextrin as substrate, CGTase from Escherichia coli displays a 14fold greater catalytic activity as compared to CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillis subtilis. The coupling activity of CGTase from Escherichia coli is not significantly different from that of CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillus subtilis when alpha-cyclodextrin is used as the substrate
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Brevibacillus brevis produces beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Brevibacillus brevis produces beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows cyclization activity on different raw and hydrolyzed starches, hydrolyzed cornstarch gives the highest activity. The enzyme from strain 7b mainly forms beta-cyclodextrin, but also alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrins, from maltodextrin, influence of substrate concentration on CGTase activity, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produce beta-cyclodextrins, except for strain 290-3 that also produces gamma-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
the extracelluar enzyme converts starch into non-reducing, cyclic malto-oligosacchrarides called cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method optimization, the optimum ratio of stevioside to beta-cyclodextrin for optimum transglycosylation is 1:2, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is gelatinized soluble starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Cytobacillus firmus 5119
-
assay method optimization, the optimum ratio of stevioside to beta-cyclodextrin for optimum transglycosylation is 1:2, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows cyclization activity on different raw and hydrolyzed starches, hydrolyzed cornstarch gives the highest activity. The enzyme from strain 7b mainly forms beta-cyclodextrin, but also alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrins, from maltodextrin, influence of substrate concentration on CGTase activity, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
when the coupling reaction is measured utilizing beta-cyclodextrin as substrate, CGTase from Escherichia coli displays a 14fold greater catalytic activity as compared to CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillis subtilis. The coupling activity of CGTase from Escherichia coli is not significantly different from that of CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillus subtilis when alpha-cyclodextrin is used as the substrate
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produces 80% gamma-cyclodextrins with an overall conversion of starch into cyclodextrins of 14%
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Evansella clarkii 7384
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produces 80% gamma-cyclodextrins with an overall conversion of starch into cyclodextrins of 14%
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-
?
additional information
?
-
Evansella clarkii 7384
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
disaccharides are not substrates, except maltose
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isomaltose, sucrose, melibiose, phenyl-alpha-D-glucoside, cellobiose and lactose are not acceptors, L-ascorbic acid-2-O-phosphate and, L-ascorbic acid-2-O-sulfate are not substrates
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTase catalyzes the transfer of dextrin units from cyclodextrins or longer dextrins to polyols, such as glycerol, sugars, and flavonoids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Geobacillus stearothermophilus produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTase transfers glycosyl residues from dextrin, maltosides with an alkyl side chain of C4, C8, C12, to the maltosides of butanol, octanol, and lauryl alcohol generating maltosides with 3-4 glucose units, substrate specificity, overview. Product identification with TLC, NMR, and ESI mass spectrometry
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-
?
additional information
?
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with D-glucose as glycosyl donor
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus clarkii produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Geobacillus stearothermophilus produces beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyclization is the predominant activity, followed by hydrolysis and to a lesser extent coupling and disproportionation activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclization is the predominant activity, followed by hydrolysis and to a lesser extent coupling and disproportionation activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Klebsiella pneumoniae produces alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Klebsiella pneumoniae produces alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in addition to the intramolecular transglycosylation and cyclization producing beta-cyclodextrins, using maltodextrin and starch as substrates, the CGTase shows disproportionation and coupling activities, intermolecular transglycosylation reactions. The enzyme produces alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins in the ratio of 0.40:1:0.45. Activity with different starch types, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ATCC 21783 contains 3 types of enzymes, acid, neutral and alcaline
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no reaction with p-nitrophenyl-glucose and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta cyclodextrin is not transformed
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity from partially hydrolyzed potato starch with an average degree of polymerization of 50. Disproportionation activity is determined using 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-maltoheptaoside-4-6-O-ethylidene, i.e. pNPG7, as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
conversion of starch into beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins in a ratio 73:27
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzymes from Bacillus circulans strans produce beta-cyclodextrins, except for strain DF 9R that also produces alpha-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CGTase catalyzes the formation of cyclomaltooligosaccharides, cyclic molecules formed by alpha-(1,4)-linked D-glucopyranosyl units with an apolar central cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. alpha-, beta-Cyclizing and amylolytic activities withpotato starch as substrate, enzyme structure-function relationship, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
formation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from starch and matotriose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme from strain BC251 also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch. Substrate binding structure of the strain BC251 enzyme, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity from partially hydrolyzed potato starch with an average degree of polymerization of 50. Disproportionation activity is determined using 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-maltoheptaoside-4-6-O-ethylidene, i.e. pNPG7, as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no reaction with p-nitrophenyl-glucose and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta cyclodextrin is not transformed
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Niallia circulans BIO-3m
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Niallia circulans DF 9R
-
formation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from starch and matotriose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Niallia circulans DF 9R
CGTase catalyzes the formation of cyclomaltooligosaccharides, cyclic molecules formed by alpha-(1,4)-linked D-glucopyranosyl units with an apolar central cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. alpha-, beta-Cyclizing and amylolytic activities withpotato starch as substrate, enzyme structure-function relationship, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Niallia circulans E 192
-
no reaction with p-nitrophenyl-glucose and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-1,4-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta cyclodextrin is not transformed
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTase can hydrolyze glucan chains, e.g. starch, in a manner similar to alpha-amylases, but differs in its ability to form cyclodextrins as reaction products. Cyclodextrins are formed from starch molecules through intramolecular transglycosylation, i.e. cyclization, and can be made up of 6 to 8 glucan residues, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin, respectively. The enzyme is multifunctional
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclization with maltodextrin as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus campinasensis produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
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-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
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CGTase can hydrolyze glucan chains, e.g. starch, in a manner similar to alpha-amylases, but differs in its ability to form cyclodextrins as reaction products. Cyclodextrins are formed from starch molecules through intramolecular transglycosylation, i.e. cyclization, and can be made up of 6 to 8 glucan residues, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin, respectively. The enzyme is multifunctional
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?
additional information
?
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cyclization with maltodextrin as substrate
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus campinasensis produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
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-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus graminis produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
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substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus graminis produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
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-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus illinoisensis produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
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-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
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the native enzyme does not convert king oyster mushroom powder and enoki mushroom powder, while recombinant enzyme converts king oyster mushroom powder and enoki mushroom powder to beta-cyclodextrin
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?
additional information
?
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cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus illinoisensis produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
-
-
the native enzyme does not convert king oyster mushroom powder and enoki mushroom powder, while recombinant enzyme converts king oyster mushroom powder and enoki mushroom powder to beta-cyclodextrin
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?
additional information
?
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-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
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?
additional information
?
-
-
D-galactose, D-ribose, D-mannose, D-arabinose and D-fructose do not contribute as glucosyl acceptor
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?
additional information
?
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when the coupling reaction is measured utilizing beta-cyclodextrin as substrate, CGTase from Escherichia coli displays a 14fold greater catalytic activity as compared to CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillis subtilis. The coupling activity of CGTase from Escherichia coli is not significantly different from that of CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillus subtilis when alpha-cyclodextrin is used as the substrate
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?
additional information
?
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CGTase produces alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from soluble starch, overview
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?
additional information
?
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CGTase produces alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from soluble starch, overview
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?
additional information
?
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CGTase is an extracellular enzyme capable of converting starch or starch derivatives into cyclodextrins through an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction. Cyclodextrins are cyclic, nonreducing oligoglucopyranose molecules linked via alpha(1,4)-glycosidic bonds
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?
additional information
?
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cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus macerans produces alpha-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
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Asp372 and Tyr89 at subsite -3 play important roles in cyclodextrin product specificity of CGTase. Comparison of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclization specificity of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview
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?
additional information
?
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CGTases function according to an alpha-retaining double displacement mechanism with a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Efficient synthesis of a long carbohydrate chain alkyl glycoside catalyzed by CGTase
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
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synthesis of 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl dopamine and 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl dopamine, and of 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl L-DOPA and 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl L-DOPA by reaction with cyclomaltohexaose catalyze by the CGTase using dopamine-HCl or imidazolium-HCl and glucose or maltose as substrates, maltodextrin chains attached to dopamine, overview. Determination of the reaction products by MALDI-TOF MS and NMR, molecular structure of the dopamine-glycosides, overview
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme performs formation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin. Lys47 is important for the alpha-cyclization reaction. Enhancement of beta-cyclodextrin specificity might be due to weakening or removal of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the side chain of residue 47 and the bent intermediate specific for alpha-cyclodextrin formation
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme shows alpha-cyclodextrin forming activity with soluble starch
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with D-glucose as glycosyl donor
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additional information
?
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when using genistein plus D-glucose and sucrose as glycosyl donors, there is hardly detected any transglycosylation product
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additional information
?
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mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
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?
additional information
?
-
Paenibacillus macerans CCTCC M203062
-
when using genistein plus D-glucose and sucrose as glycosyl donors, there is hardly detected any transglycosylation product
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-
additional information
?
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when the coupling reaction is measured utilizing beta-cyclodextrin as substrate, CGTase from Escherichia coli displays a 14fold greater catalytic activity as compared to CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillis subtilis. The coupling activity of CGTase from Escherichia coli is not significantly different from that of CGTase from Bacillus macerans or CGTase from Bacillus subtilis when alpha-cyclodextrin is used as the substrate
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?
additional information
?
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CGTase is an extracellular enzyme capable of converting starch or starch derivatives into cyclodextrins through an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction. Cyclodextrins are cyclic, nonreducing oligoglucopyranose molecules linked via alpha(1,4)-glycosidic bonds
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme shows alpha-cyclodextrin forming activity with soluble starch
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?
additional information
?
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-
the enzyme performs formation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin. Lys47 is important for the alpha-cyclization reaction. Enhancement of beta-cyclodextrin specificity might be due to weakening or removal of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the side chain of residue 47 and the bent intermediate specific for alpha-cyclodextrin formation
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?
additional information
?
-
production of beta-cyclodextrin from potato starch
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?
additional information
?
-
the main amino acid residues of cyclization activity are Lys47, Tyr89, Asn94, Phe183, Asn193, Leu194, Tyr195, Asp196, Phe259, Phe283, and Asp371
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?
additional information
?
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cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus pabuli produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus pabuli produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
-
production of beta-cyclodextrin from potato starch
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?
additional information
?
-
the main amino acid residues of cyclization activity are Lys47, Tyr89, Asn94, Phe183, Asn193, Leu194, Tyr195, Asp196, Phe259, Phe283, and Asp371
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the main amino acid residues of cyclization activity are Lys47, Tyr89, Asn94, Phe183, Asn193, Leu194, Tyr195, Asp196, Phe259, Phe283, and Asp371
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?
additional information
?
-
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soluble potato starch, cellobiose, and cyclodextrins as substrates, cyclodextrin product spectrum of native and recombinant enzymes, overview
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Paenibacillus sp. strains produce alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with D-glucose as glycosyl donor
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme preforms cyclization of different alpha-1,4-glucans, e.g. soluble potato starch, or amylopectin, and amylose, the enzyme forms preferably beta-cyclodextrins, the ratio of products is 27:68:5 for alpha, beta, and gamma cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
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cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus megaterium produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme produces alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from starch
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?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme produces alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from starch, product ratios depend on the duration of the process. The enzyme also shows coupling activity and is able to degrade high concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin and to transform different types of cyclodextrins one into another. Native corn starch and soluble potato starch as substrates, product determination by thin layer chromatography
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?
additional information
?
-
reversible cyclization reaction with alpha-1,4-glucans, e.g. starch, the major final product of PFCGT cyclization is beta-cyclodextrin, and thus the enzyme is a beta-CGTase
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?
additional information
?
-
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reversible cyclization reaction with alpha-1,4-glucans, e.g. starch, the major final product of PFCGT cyclization is beta-cyclodextrin, and thus the enzyme is a beta-CGTase
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclization activity forming cyclodextrins from starch
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?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
D-glucuronate is ineffective as acceptor
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?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
D-glucuronate is ineffective as acceptor
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus agaradhaerens produces beta-cyclodextrins
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?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Bacillus agaradhaerens produces beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzymes from Thermoanaerobacter sp. strains produce alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases function according to an alpha-retaining double displacement mechanism with a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Synthesis of a long carbohydrate chain alkyl glycoside catalyzed by CGTase
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?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase produces a mixture of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins from starch
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows high also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme primarily catalyses the formation of cyclic alpha-1,4-linked cyclodextrins from starch. This enzyme also possesses unusually high hydrolytic activity as a side reaction, thought to be due to partial retention of ancestral enzyme function. Product formation, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, of wild-type and mutant enzymes, substrate-binding subsites of CGTase, and sugar binding structure, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows high hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme primarily catalyses the formation of cyclic alpha-1,4-linked cyclodextrins from starch. This enzyme also possesses unusually high hydrolytic activity as a side reaction, thought to be due to partial retention of ancestral enzyme function. Product formation, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, of wild-type and mutant enzymes, substrate-binding subsites of CGTase, and sugar binding structure, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows high hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cyclodextrin glucanotransferases produce a mixture of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, from starch. The enzyme from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrates bind across the enzyme surface in a long groove formed by the domains A and B that can accommodate at least 7 glucose residues at the donor subsites and 3 at the acceptor subsites. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between the subsites -1 and +1 in alpha-glucans yielding a stable covalent glycosyl-intermediate bound at the donor subsites. The glycosyl-intermediate is then transferred to the 4-hydroxyl of its own non-reducing end forming a new alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond to yield a cyclic product
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 alpha, 7 beta, or 8 gamma glucose units, specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, a linear glucan chain binds to the substrate binding subsites of CGTase followed by bond cleavage to yield a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The nature of the acceptor molecule in the second step of the reaction, to which the covalently bound oligosaccharide is transferred, determines the enzyme reaction specificity, schematic overview. The enzyme also shows hydrolytic activity on potato starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Weizmannia coagulans BIO-13m
-
mannose, ribose, arabinose, mannitol or sorbitol are not acceptors
-
-
?
