2.3.2.15: glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.3.2.15
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2.3.2.15
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phytochelatins
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neurogenesis
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cadmium
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subventricular
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oligodendrocyte
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neurospheres
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hippocampal
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gsh
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neurogenic
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arsenic
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self-renewal
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phytoremediation
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metallothioneins
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nestin
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multipotent
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asiii
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subgranular
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neuroblast
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metalloid
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cord-derived
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analysis
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agriculture
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biotechnology
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environmental protection
- 2.3.2.15
- phytochelatins
-
neurogenesis
- cadmium
-
subventricular
-
oligodendrocyte
-
neurospheres
-
hippocampal
- gsh
-
neurogenic
- arsenic
-
self-renewal
-
phytoremediation
- metallothioneins
- nestin
-
multipotent
-
asiii
-
subgranular
-
neuroblast
-
metalloid
-
cord-derived
- analysis
- agriculture
- biotechnology
- environmental protection
Reaction
Synonyms
AdPCS1, AdPCS2, AdPCS3, alr0975, AtPCS, AtPCS1, AtPCS2, AtPCSI, BjPCS1, CaPCS1, CaPCS2, CePCS, DaPCS1, gamma-EC dipeptidyl(trans)peptidase, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteine transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl dipeptidyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl transpeptidase, glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase, LjPCS1, LjPCS3, MnPCS1, MnPCS2, NsPCS, OsPCS1, OsPCS15, OsPCS1a, OsPCS1b, OsPCS1c, OsPCS1full, OsPCS2, OsPCS5, PC synthase, PCS, PCS1, PCS15, PCS2, PCS5, phytochelatin synthase, phytochelatin synthase 1, phytochelatin synthase 2, phytochelatin synthase1, pPhytochelatin synthase, pseudo-phytochelatin synthase, SrPCS, SrPCS1, SrPCS2, SrPCS3, SrPCS4, TtpsiPCS
ECTree
2.3.2.15 glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferaseAdvanced search results
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results (Engineering
Engineering on EC 2.3.2.15 - glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase
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PROTEIN VARIANTS 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
A182G/A282V/G329S
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
A59V
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
C109A
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C109S
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C109Y
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
C113A
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C113S
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C56S
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mutation abolishes Cd2+ tolerance observed with wild-type enzyme, causes negligible intracellular phytochelatin accumulation
C90A
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C90S
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C91A
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C91S
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mutant enzyme shows similar degree of Cd2+ tolerance on DTY167 cells as the wild-type equivalent
C91S/A199S
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
D180A
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the mutation abolishes Cd2+ tolerance and phytocelatin synthetic activity
D71N
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
DELTA1-284
biosynthetically active in the presence of cadmium ions and supporting phytochelatin formation at a rate that is only about 5fold lower than that of full-length AtPCS1. The loss of the C-terminal region substantially decreases the thermal stability of the enzyme and impairs phytochelatin formation in the presence of certain heavy metals
DELTA1-373
almost as stable and biosynthetically active (in the presence of cadmium) as the full-length enzyme
DELTA222-485
truncation mutant is fulla sufficient for phytochelatin synthesis. The fragment may be insufficient to maintain the active form of the enzyme stably in vitro
E52K
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
F83C/N170D
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
H162A
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the mutation abolishes Cd2+ tolerance and phytocelatin synthetic activity
Q48R/C144Y/G168S/W280R
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
R183a
R74H/S230C/L250R
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
S51T/N143I/N170I/H220R
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
S60C/S202I
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
T123R/F163I
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
T139P
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
T49A
V181G
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
V97C
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
V97L
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
Y186C
the mutant has strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme. The mutant improves the Cd2+ tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
Y55A
additional information
T49A
AtPCS1 mutant, Thr49 is the only residue to be phosphorylated
T49A
AtPCS1-N mutant, Thr49 is the only residue to be phosphorylated
additional information
AtPCS2-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants display increased seed germination rates and seedling growth under high salt stress. Furthermore, decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation are observed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana compared to wild-type specimens. Salt stress greatly reduces transcript levels of CuSOD2, FeSOD2, CAT2, and GR2 in wild-type but not in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Levels of CAT3 in transgenic Arabidopsis are markedly increased upon salt stress, suggesting that low accumulation of H2O2 in transgenic Arabidopsis is partially achieved through induction of CAT
additional information
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AtPCS2-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants display increased seed germination rates and seedling growth under high salt stress. Furthermore, decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation are observed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana compared to wild-type specimens. Salt stress greatly reduces transcript levels of CuSOD2, FeSOD2, CAT2, and GR2 in wild-type but not in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Levels of CAT3 in transgenic Arabidopsis are markedly increased upon salt stress, suggesting that low accumulation of H2O2 in transgenic Arabidopsis is partially achieved through induction of CAT
additional information
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AtPCS2-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants display increased seed germination rates and seedling growth under high salt stress. Furthermore, decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation are observed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana compared to wild-type specimens. Salt stress greatly reduces transcript levels of CuSOD2, FeSOD2, CAT2, and GR2 in wild-type but not in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Levels of CAT3 in transgenic Arabidopsis are markedly increased upon salt stress, suggesting that low accumulation of H2O2 in transgenic Arabidopsis is partially achieved through induction of CAT
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additional information
Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations in both shoots and roots of the transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing PCS1 and/or PCS2 are higher than in wild-type seedlings at two different Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations. In addition, there is a positive correlation between Zn2+ accumulation and the expression level of MnPCS1 or MnPCS2
additional information
Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations in both shoots and roots of the transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing PCS1 and/or PCS2 are higher than in wild-type seedlings at two different Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations. In addition, there is a positive correlation between Zn2+ accumulation and the expression level of MnPCS1 or MnPCS2
additional information
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Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations in both shoots and roots of the transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing PCS1 and/or PCS2 are higher than in wild-type seedlings at two different Zn2+/Cd2+ concentrations. In addition, there is a positive correlation between Zn2+ accumulation and the expression level of MnPCS1 or MnPCS2
additional information
an extra copy of phytochelatin-encoding gene phytochelatin synthase (pcs) is constitutively expressed in Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 (An7120), an integrative expression vector pFPN is used for incorporating a cassette of genes for genomic integration and expression. Comparative growth behavior of wild-type strain and overexpressed strain AnFPN-pcs under LC50 doses of UV-B, salt, heat, copper, carbofuran, and cadmium resulted in decrement in specific growth rate by 26, 21, 27, 13, 30, and 17%, respectively, in An7120 compared to AnFPN-pcs thereby suggesting that the transformed cyanobacterium AnFPN-pcs has developed tolerance and hence shows better growth performances under different abiotic stresses. Comparison of differentially expressed proteins in An7120 and AnFPN-pcs, and dynamics of differentially expressed proteins in An7120 and AnFPN-pcs, overview
additional information
analysis of the transgenic rice lines grown under metal(loid) stress revealed almost complete absence of both OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 transcripts in the developing seeds couples with the significant reduction in the content of Cd (about 51%) and As (about 35%) in grains compared with the non-transgenic plant. Taken together, the findings indicate towards a crucial role played by the tissue-specific alternative splicing and relative abundance of the OsPCS2 gene during heavy metal(loid) stress mitigation in rice plant
additional information
analysis of the transgenic rice lines grown under metal(loid) stress revealed almost complete absence of both OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 transcripts in the developing seeds couples with the significant reduction in the content of Cd (about 51%) and As (about 35%) in grains compared with the non-transgenic plant. Taken together, the findings indicate towards a crucial role played by the tissue-specific alternative splicing and relative abundance of the OsPCS2 gene during heavy metal(loid) stress mitigation in rice plant
additional information
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analysis of the transgenic rice lines grown under metal(loid) stress revealed almost complete absence of both OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 transcripts in the developing seeds couples with the significant reduction in the content of Cd (about 51%) and As (about 35%) in grains compared with the non-transgenic plant. Taken together, the findings indicate towards a crucial role played by the tissue-specific alternative splicing and relative abundance of the OsPCS2 gene during heavy metal(loid) stress mitigation in rice plant
additional information
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analysis of the transgenic rice lines grown under metal(loid) stress revealed almost complete absence of both OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 transcripts in the developing seeds couples with the significant reduction in the content of Cd (about 51%) and As (about 35%) in grains compared with the non-transgenic plant. Taken together, the findings indicate towards a crucial role played by the tissue-specific alternative splicing and relative abundance of the OsPCS2 gene during heavy metal(loid) stress mitigation in rice plant
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additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. The mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. The mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. The mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. The mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. The mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. Thee mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. Thee mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. Thee mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. Thee mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
identification of two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines, a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line. Thee mutant rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations show increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibits the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd
additional information
isolation of two rice mutants (has1 and has2) in which As levels are much higher in grains but significantly lower in node I compared with the wild-type. Map-based cloning identifies the genes responsible as OsABCC1 in has1 and OsPCS1 in has2. F2 progeny obtained by crossing the mutant lines with the indica rice cultivar Habataki are genotyped by using polymorphism between cvs. Koshihikari and Habataki and measurements of As levels in grains from the F2 plants. The frequency of the high-As phenotype in F2 progeny is below 50%, suggesting that has1 and has2 are recessive mutants. Genetic linkage analyses indicate that the high-As mutant phenotypes are tightly linked to single regions on chromosome 4 in has1 and on chromosome 5 in has2
additional information
isolation of two rice mutants (has1 and has2) in which As levels are much higher in grains but significantly lower in node I compared with the wild-type. Map-based cloning identifies the genes responsible as OsABCC1 in has1 and OsPCS1 in has2. F2 progeny obtained by crossing the mutant lines with the indica rice cultivar Habataki are genotyped by using polymorphism between cvs. Koshihikari and Habataki and measurements of As levels in grains from the F2 plants. The frequency of the high-As phenotype in F2 progeny is below 50%, suggesting that has1 and has2 are recessive mutants. Genetic linkage analyses indicate that the high-As mutant phenotypes are tightly linked to single regions on chromosome 4 in has1 and on chromosome 5 in has2
additional information
silencing of OsPCS1 expression via RNA interference by OsPCS1 RNAi introduced into rice via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transfection method. Phenotypes, overview
additional information
silencing of OsPCS1 expression via RNA interference by OsPCS1 RNAi introduced into rice via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transfection method. Phenotypes, overview
additional information
silencing of OsPCS2 expression via RNA interference by OsPCS2 RNAi introduced into rice via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transfection method. Phenotypes, overview
additional information
silencing of OsPCS2 expression via RNA interference by OsPCS2 RNAi introduced into rice via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transfection method. Phenotypes, overview
