2.3.2.13: protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase, go to the full flat file.

Reaction

Synonyms

AcTG-1, BmTGA, chloroplast transglutaminase, chlTGase, cold active transglutaminase, cold-active transglutaminase, EPB42, factor XIII, factor XIIIa, fibrin stabilizing factor, fibrinoligase, Galphah, glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyl-transferase, glutaminylpeptide gamma-glutamyltransferase, glutamyltransferase, glutaminylpeptide gamma-, gpTGase 2, gTG2, hfXIIIa, hTG2, hTGase 1, hTGase 2, hTGase 3, hTGase 6, KALB, KalbTG, KALB_7456, Laki-Lorand factor, mammalian transglutaminase, microbial transglutaminase, microbial transglutaminases, MsTGase, MTG, MTG-TX, MTGase, mTGase 2, OlTGT, plastidial transglutaminase, polyamine transglutaminase, protein 4.2, protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase, R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyl transferase, R-glutaminylpeptide-amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, SCTG, SMTG, STG I, t-TG, TG-2, TG1, TG2, TG3, TG4, TG5, TG6, TG7, tGA, TGase, TGase 1, TGase 2, Tgase 3, TGase 6, Tgase II, TGase-2, TGase2, TGB, TGK1, TGK2, TGL, TGM1, TGM2, TGM3, TGM4, TGM5, TGM6, TGM7, TGZ, tgz15, TGZo, tissue transglutaminase, tissue transglutaminase 2, tissue-TG, transglutaminase, transglutaminase 1, transglutaminase 2, transglutaminase 3, transglutaminase 6, transglutaminase C, transglutaminase factor XIII, transglutaminase type II, transglutaminase-2, transglutaminase-like protein, transglutaminase2, tTG, tTG-2, type 2 transglutaminase, type I transglutaminase, type-2 transglutaminase

ECTree

     2 Transferases

         2.3 Acyltransferases

             2.3.2 Aminoacyltransferases

                2.3.2.13 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase

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Results	in table
53	Activating Compound
1511	AA Sequence
60	Application
1	CAS Registry Number
72	Cloned(Commentary)
2	Cofactor
16	Crystallization (Commentary)
14096	Disease/ Diagnostics
11	Expression
108	General Information
21	General Stability
237	IC50 Value
865	Inhibitors
20	kcat/KM [mM/s]
151	Ki Value [mM]
133	KM Value [mM]
108	Localization
170	Metals/Ions
108	Molecular Weight [Da]
159	Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
8	Organic Solvent Stability
467	Organism
1	Oxidation Stability
73	PDB ID
58	pH Optimum
12	pH Range
14	pH Stability
4	pI Value
33	Posttranslational Modification
189	Protein Variants
98	Purification (Commentary)
24	Reaction
1	Reaction Type
322	Reference
1	Renatured (Commentary)
361	Source Tissue
88	Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
25	Storage Stability
602	Substrates and Products (Substrate)
100	Subunits
392	Synonyms
1	Systematic Name
65	Temperature Optimum [°C]
11	Temperature Range [°C]
40	Temperature Stability [°C]
49	Turnover Number [1/s]

Activating Compound

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Activating Compound on EC 2.3.2.13 - protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase

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ACTIVATING COMPOUND

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

Calmodulin/Ca2+

2 entries

-

Chaotropic salts

Homo sapiens

-

strong activation of epidermal transglutaminase in the presence of Ca2+

487833

-

chlorpyrifos

Mythimna separata

-

-

759529

dithiothreitol

11 entries

ethanol

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

-

enzyme activity is slightly elevated at a lower concentration of ethanol at 25°C. With increasing ethanol concentration, the enzyme activity decreases, and in the presence of 50% ethanol the enzyme activity is almost lost after incubation for 30 min at 25°C

686843

GDP

Homo sapiens

P21980

GTP/GDP and Ca2+ are able to compete with one another to convert tTG from the closed- to open-state, and vice versa

759712

glutathione

Homo sapiens

-

reduced, 2.7fold increase in activity at 5 mM

658663

GTP

Homo sapiens

P21980

GTP/GDP and Ca2+ are able to compete with one another to convert tTG from the closed- to open-state, and vice versa

759712

NaCl

Loligo sp.

-

700 mM, 15fold activation

487873

papain

Homo sapiens

-

limited proteolysis of plasma factor XIII

487858

-

polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid

Mus musculus

-

treatment with 15-30 mg/kg polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid results in villous atrophy and activation of TG2 at the villus tips in small intestine

720850

-

reptilase

Homo sapiens

-

limited proteolysis of plasma factor XIII

487858

-

spinosyn A

Mythimna separata

-

as spinosad, a mixture of spinosyn A und spinosyn D

759529

spinosyn D

Mythimna separata

-

as spinosad, a mixture of spinosyn A und spinosyn D

759529

thioredoxin-1

Homo sapiens

P21980

thioredoxin-1 is released by macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli in sufficient quantity to reduce the tTG C370-C371 disulfide bond, activating the enzyme

759712

thrombin

11 entries

-

Trypsin

3 entries

-

additional information

10 entries

-

Calmodulin/Ca2+

Gallus gallus

-

0.01-0.2 mM, 3fold activation, inhibition above 0.3 mM, kinetics

487826

-

Calmodulin/Ca2+

Homo sapiens

-

0.01-0.2 mM, 3fold activation, inhibition above 0.3 mM, kinetics

487826

-

dithiothreitol

Cavia porcellus

-

-

487842, 487867

dithiothreitol

Cavia porcellus

-

optimum activity at 10 mM

718574

dithiothreitol

Cricetulus griseus

-

-

487844

dithiothreitol

Glycine max

-

10 mM, approx. 1.8fold activation

487861

dithiothreitol

Homo sapiens

-

3.8fold increase in activity at 10 mM

658663

dithiothreitol

Mus musculus

-

requirement

487838

dithiothreitol

Oreochromis niloticus

-

slight activation at 5 mM

673777

dithiothreitol

Oryctolagus cuniculus

-

required for activity of lens transglutaminase

487867

dithiothreitol

Rattus norvegicus

-

-

487846

dithiothreitol

Rattus norvegicus

-

6-8fold activation of lung transglutaminase B, no activation of transglutaminase C

487844

dithiothreitol

Tachypleus tridentatus

-

weak activation

487853

thrombin

Cavia porcellus

-

-

487830, 487845

-

thrombin

Cavia porcellus

-

activation, of proenzyme

487858

-

thrombin

Cavia porcellus

-

Ca2+-dependent proteolytical activation, in the presence of fibrin

487833

-

thrombin

Homo sapiens

-

-

487830, 487845, 487858

-

thrombin

Homo sapiens

-

slight activation

487826

-

thrombin

Homo sapiens

-

Ca2+-dependent proteolytical activation, in the presence of fibrin

487833

-

thrombin

Homo sapiens

-

removes blocked NH2-terminal peptide of factor XIII and unmasks reactive thiol-group at Cys-314 to yield catalytically active factor XIIIa, i.e. fibrinoligase, from inactive zymogen XIII

487820, 487833

-

thrombin

Mus musculus

-

-

487830

-

thrombin

Rattus norvegicus

-

-

487830

-

thrombin

Rattus norvegicus

-

guinea pig epidermal enzyme

487845

-

thrombin

Rattus norvegicus

-

particulate enzyme

487845

-

Trypsin

Homo sapiens

-

-

487858

-

Trypsin

Homo sapiens

-

strong activation of epidermal tranglutaminase in the presence of Ca2+

487833

-

Trypsin

Mus musculus

-

3fold activation of epidermal transglutaminase, activation is blocked by trypsin-inhibitors

487838

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

-

25fold increase in activity by heating at 56°C in the presence of Ca2+

487833

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

-

3-16fold increase in activity of 72000 Da epidermal transglutaminase isoform by heating at 56°C in the presence of calcium

487839

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

P21980

Arg580 in wild-type tTG forms several hydrogen bonds with GDP, while Arg478 binds only to the terminal phosphate. Arg476 binds more poorly to the terminal phosphate of GDP, and Ser171 does not form hydrogen bonds with the GDP molecule

759712

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

P21980

DNAJA1 facilitates and stabilizes in vitro cross-linking activity of TG2. The molecular co-chaperone, DNAJA1, is an interacting partner of human isozyme TG2. DNAJA1 interacts with the open form of TG2 and regulates its transamidation activity under both in vitro and in situ conditions. DNAJA1 does not affect the enzyme activity. DNAJA1 and TG2 are reported to regulate common pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, molecular mechanisms, interaction analysis, overview

758750

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

-

DNAJA1 facilitates and stabilizes in vitro cross-linking activity of TG2. The molecular co-chaperone, DNAJA1, is an interacting partner of human isozyme TG2. DNAJA1 interacts with the open form of TG2 and regulates its transamidation activity under both in vitro and in situ conditions. DNAJA1 does not affect the enzyme activity. DNAJA1 and TG2 are reported to regulate common pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, molecular mechanisms, interaction analysis, overview

758750

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

P21980

in normal conditions, t-TG in the cytosol and extracellular matrix is predominantly in a closed conformation, maintained by guanine nucleotide and/or integrin bindings. Physical or chemical injury opens the conformation and activates the enzyme

759154

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

-

in normal conditions, t-TG in the cytosol and extracellular matrix is predominantly in a closed conformation, maintained by guanine nucleotide and/or integrin bindings. Physical or chemical injury opens the conformation and activates the enzyme

759154

-

additional information

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

-

a model for TGase-activating protease inhibitor-regulated TGase activation process is proposed

687253

-

additional information

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

A0A291LTQ0

the inactive proform of the enzyme is activated by cleavage through trypsin

759518

-

additional information

Streptomyces mobaraensis

-

the enzyme is secreted as a pro-enzyme which is activated by the endoprotease TAMEP

718659

-