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(1aR,1bS,4aR,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-4a,7b,9-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-5-oxo-1,1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9-decahydro-9aH-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulen-9a-yl acetate
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11beta,12alpha,17-trihydroxy-5beta,9beta,10alpha-12,16-epoxyabieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16-one
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2-amino-9-(naphthalen-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ol
0.05 microg/microl showing 38% inhibition in the presence of 0.10 mM acetyl-CoA, binding to active site
2-amino-9-naphthalen-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ol
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3-oxo-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxylate
most potent inhibitor, 0.05 microg/microl showing 50% inhibition in the presence of 0.10 mM acetyl-CoA, binding to active site, increasing Km, decreasing Vmax
3-oxo-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid
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4,10-dihydroxy-1,7-phenanthroline-3,9-dicarboxylate
0.05 microg/microl showing 24% inhibition in the presence of 0.10 mM acetyl-CoA, binding to active site
4,10-dihydroxy-1,7-phenanthroline-3,9-dicarboxylic acid
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7beta,11alpha,17-trihydroxyhelioscopinolide E
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8,11beta,14beta-trihydroxy-5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha,12beta-12,16-epoxyabiet-13(15)-en-16-one
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8,14alpha-dihydroxy-5beta,9beta,10alpha,12alpha-12,16-epoxyabiet-13(15)-ene-11,16-dione
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8,14beta,17-trihydroxy-5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-12,16-epoxyabieta-11,13(15)-dien-16-one
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apocynin
41% inhibition at 0.005 mM with 500 ng enzyme
ATP
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mixed non-competitive with respect to serine
Berberine
the ligand binds at the trimer-trimer interface, 24% inhibition at 0.005 mM with 500 ng enzyme
EDTA
1.0 mM, complete inhibition
glutathione
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weak, allosteric inhibition
L-alanine
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noncompetitive against acetyl-CoA
L-cystine
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allosteric inhibition
mangiferin
the ligand is involved in hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic interactions with enzyme Kpn CysE, 22% inhibition at 0.005 mM with 500 ng enzyme
N-acetyl-L-serine
0.5 mM, weak inhibition
oxidized glutathione
0.5 mM, weak inhibition
quercetin
uncompetitive inhibitor, molecular dynamics simulations carried out to elucidate the binding mode of quercetin reveal that this small molecule binds at the trimer-trimer interface of hexameric CysE, a site physically distinct from the active site of the enzyme, overview. Binding of quercetin to CysE leads to conformation changes in the active site loops and proximal loops that affect its internal dynamics and consequently its affinity for substrate/co-factor binding, justifying the reduced enzyme activity. Quercetin binding kinetics and analysis provide mechanistic understanding of allosteric modulation. The ligand is involved in hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic interactions with Kpn CysE, 62% inhibition at 0.005 mM with 500 ng enzyme
reduced glutathione
0.5 mM weak inhibition; 0.5 mM, weak inhibition
vasicine
the ligand binds at the trimer-trimer interface, 46% inhibition at 0.005 mM with 500 ng enzyme
CoA
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cysteine
feedback inhibition; feedback inhibition
cysteine
competitive inhibitor of Ser
cysteine
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competitive versus acetyl-CoA, mixed non-competitive with respect to serine
cysteine
competitive, binds at the serine substrate site, negatively regulates its own synthesis
D-cysteine
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D-cysteine
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no inhibition
glycine
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competitive against L-serine, noncompetitive against acetyl-CoA
glycine
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mixed non-competitive inhibitor of propionyl transfer to serine with respect to propionyl-CoA
glycine
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competitive versus L-serine, uncompetitive versus acetyl-CoA
glycine
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competitive against L-serine, noncompetitive against acetyl-CoA
hydroxylamine
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L-cysteine
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IC50: 0.0031 mM
L-cysteine
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feed-back inhibition; weak
L-cysteine
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feed-back inhibition of cytosolic isozyme SAT-c, not of mitochondrial and plastidic isozymes SAT-m and SAT-p
L-cysteine
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feed-back inhibition of cytosolic isozyme SAT-c, not of mitochondrial and plastidic isozymes SAT-m and SAT-p
L-cysteine
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feedback inhibition, isoform Serat3,1, noncompetitive versus L-serine, competitive versus acetyl-CoA
L-cysteine
competitive inhibition versus L-serine, noncompetitive inhibition versus acetyl-CoA
L-cysteine
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allosteric inhibition
L-cysteine
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recombinant wild-type and mutants, not mutant M280I, inhibitor binding motif
L-cysteine
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feed-back inhibition
L-cysteine
0.03 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM, strong inhibition, 5-500 microM L-cysteine in the presence of 0.5 mM L-serine inhibits the enzyme remarkably, much less but still significantly in the presence of 3 mM L-serine, 90% inhibition by 0.3 mM L-cysteine with 3 mM L-serine (as found in throphozoite culture), acetyl-CoA concentration influences the inhibitory efficiency as well; 0.5 mM inhibits by 75.3%, no inhibition with 0.03 mM, 1 mM not determined, 20% inhibition by 0.3 mM L-cysteine with 3 mM L-serine (as found in throphozoite culture); 1 mM, weak inhibition, no inhibition by 0.3 mM L-cysteine with 3 mM L-serine (as found in throphozoite culture) or at other L-cysteine concentrations from 10-1000 micoM in the presence of 3 mM L-serine
L-cysteine
feedback inhibition; feedback inhibition; feedback inhibition, isozyme SAT3 is almost insensitive to cysteine inhibition. A combination of comparative modeling, multiple molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculation studies shows a difference in binding energies of wild-type isozyme SAT3 and of a S208H-SAT3 mutant for cysteine
L-cysteine
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competitive in response to acetyl-CoA, noncompetitive in presence of L-Ser
L-cysteine
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dead-end inhibitor, competitive against botn substrates in both reaction directions
L-cysteine
a feedback inhibitor, binding structure from crystal structure analysis of the enzyme-bound complex. A cysteine molecule bound at the active site pocket at the interface of two Kpn CysE subunits. Each Kpn CysE trimer in-houses three cysteine molecules at the equivalent sites related by a 3fold axis, that, in turn, are related to remaining 3 active sites by 2 fold symmetry. Cysteine at the interface of two subunits is stabilized by interactions from one subunit involving Asp92, Pro93 and Ala94 (residues of turn connecting alpha5 and alpha6 helices) and Asp157, His158 (residues of L?betaloop) as well as from Gly183, Gly184, Thr185, Arg192, His193 (residues of substrate binding loop) of the adjacent subunit. About 50% inhibition at 0.005 mM with 500 ng enzyme
L-cysteine
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under physiological conditions L-cysteine specifically inhibits chloroplast enzyme activity, which is linked to the sulfate assimilation network. This metabolic feedback control does not apply to the enzyme activity located in cytosol
L-cysteine
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feed-back inhibition
L-cysteine
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allosteric inhibition
L-cysteine
feedback inhibition; feedback inhibition; feedback inhibition; feedback inhibition, isozyme VvSERAT2-1 is almost insensitive to cysteine inhibition
L-homocysteine
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weak
L-homoserine
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weak
L-methionine
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L-serine
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above 3 mM, weak
L-serine
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product inhibition is noncompetitive with respect to O-acetyl-L-serine and CoA
L-serine
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product inhibition, competitive against CoA and noncompetitive against O-acetyl-L-serine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
1 mM weak inhibition; 1 mM, weak inhibition; 1 mM, weak inhibition
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
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weak
O-acetyl-L-serine
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product inhibition is noncompetitive against acetyl-CoA and uncompetitive against L-serine
O-acetyl-L-serine
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product inhibition, competitive against acetyl-CoA and noncompetitive against O-acetyl-L-serine
p-chloromercuribenzoate
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p-chloromercuribenzoate
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S-methyl-L-cysteine
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competitive versus O-acetyl-L-serine and competitive versus CoA
S-methyl-L-cysteine
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competitive against O-acetyl-L-serine, noncompetitive against CoA
additional information
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isoform Serat3,1 is insensitive to feedback inhibition by L-Cys
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additional information
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beta-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine has no inhibitory effect
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additional information
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no inhibition by 0.03 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, and oxidized glutathione (reduced glutathione not determined); no inhibition with 0.03 and 0.5 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, and N-acetyl-L-serine; no inhibition with 0.03 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, N-acetyl-L-serine, and oxidized glutathione
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additional information
no inhibition by 0.03 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, and oxidized glutathione (reduced glutathione not determined); no inhibition with 0.03 and 0.5 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, and N-acetyl-L-serine; no inhibition with 0.03 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, N-acetyl-L-serine, and oxidized glutathione
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additional information
no inhibition by 0.03 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, and oxidized glutathione (reduced glutathione not determined); no inhibition with 0.03 and 0.5 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, and N-acetyl-L-serine; no inhibition with 0.03 mM L-cystine, 0.5 mM D-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-homoserine, N-acetyl-L-serine, and oxidized glutathione
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additional information
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histidine 208 appears to be one of the important residues that distinguish the serine substrate from the cysteine inhibitor
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additional information
histidine 208 appears to be one of the important residues that distinguish the serine substrate from the cysteine inhibitor
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additional information
histidine 208 appears to be one of the important residues that distinguish the serine substrate from the cysteine inhibitor
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additional information
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no inhibition by N-acetylserine
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additional information
structural information of a ligand-bound receptor complex via molecular dynamics simulation, docking study, overview
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additional information
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structural information of a ligand-bound receptor complex via molecular dynamics simulation, docking study, overview
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additional information
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no growth inhibition of mouse cell culture with 4,10-dihydroxy-1,7-phenanthroline-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, 2-amino-9-naphthalen-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ol, or 3-oxo-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid in a MTT assay
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additional information
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analysis of cytotoxicity of compounds 8,14alpha-dihydroxy-5beta,9beta,10alpha,12alpha-12,16-epoxyabiet-13(15)-ene-11,16-dione and 8,14beta,17-trihydroxy-5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-12,16-epoxyabieta-11,13(15)-dien-16-one, inhibition types of different inhibitors on MRSA CysE, overview; ligand molecular docking study
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