2.1.1.4: acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.1.1.4
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2.1.1.4
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melatonin
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pineal
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n-acetyltransferase
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rhythm
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retina
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circadian
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nocturnal
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night
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arylalkylamine
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pinealocytes
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diurnal
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photoreceptors
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photoperiodic
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melatoninergic
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harderian
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melatonin-synthesizing
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daytime
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nighttime
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5-hydroxytryptophan
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aa-nat
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arylalkylamine-n-acetyltransferase
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5-methoxytryptophan
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5-methoxytryptamine
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5-hydroxyindole
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n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
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pinealectomized
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serotonin-n-acetyltransferase
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5-hydroxyindoleacetic
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5-methoxyindoles
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analysis
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light:dark
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synthesis
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ganglionectomy
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extrapineal
- 2.1.1.4
- melatonin
-
pineal
- n-acetyltransferase
-
rhythm
- retina
-
circadian
-
nocturnal
-
night
- arylalkylamine
- pinealocytes
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diurnal
- photoreceptors
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photoperiodic
-
melatoninergic
-
harderian
-
melatonin-synthesizing
-
daytime
-
nighttime
- 5-hydroxytryptophan
- aa-nat
-
arylalkylamine-n-acetyltransferase
- 5-methoxytryptophan
- 5-methoxytryptamine
- 5-hydroxyindole
- n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
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pinealectomized
- serotonin-n-acetyltransferase
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5-hydroxyindoleacetic
- 5-methoxyindoles
- analysis
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light:dark
- synthesis
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ganglionectomy
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extrapineal
Reaction
Synonyms
acetylserotonin methyltransferase, ASMT, ASMT1, ASMT2, COMT, HIOMT, hydroxindole-O-methyltransferase, hydroxyindole methyltransferase, hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase, hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, MANES_17G050500, methyltransferase, acetylserotonin, N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase, N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase1, N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
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General Information
General Information on EC 2.1.1.4 - acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
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evolution
the enzyme belongs to S-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent animal natural product O-methyltransferase
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
lack of melatonin is a risk signal and will result in diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and other diverse medical conditions
malfunction
melatonin production is significantly reduced or increased when the rice plants overexpressed or suppressed the endogenous rice caffeic acid O-methyltransferase
malfunction
transgenic rice plants overexpressing rice caffeic acid O-methyltransferase/N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase show an increase in melatonin levels whereas transgenic rice plants suppressing the rice caffeic acid O-methyltransferase/N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase have a significant decrease on melatonin levels
metabolism
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all three isozymes are involved in the biosynthesis of melatonin. the enzyme is involved in a general tryptophan metabolism pathway where it catalyzes the final reaction in the production of melatonin, converting normelatonin to melatonin (a neurohormone). The conversion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetate to 5-methoxyindoleacetate in the same pathway is also catalyzed by this enzyme. In general tryptophan metabolism pathway, tryptophan functions as a biochemical precursor for serotonin
metabolism
ASMT is a key enzyme to catalyse the terminal step of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)
metabolism
in vivo role played by the COMT for biosynthesizing melatonin
metabolism
the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of N-acetylserotonin to melatonin as the last step in melatonin biosynthesis. The enzyme exhibits no caffeic acid O-methyltransferase activity, suggesting that its function is highly specific to melatonin synthesis
metabolism
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the final two enzymes in the melatonin synthesis pathway in plants are serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), which have thermophilic characteristics
metabolism
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in vivo role played by the COMT for biosynthesizing melatonin
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metabolism
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the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of N-acetylserotonin to melatonin as the last step in melatonin biosynthesis. The enzyme exhibits no caffeic acid O-methyltransferase activity, suggesting that its function is highly specific to melatonin synthesis
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HIOMT is required for full transcriptional activation in chicken embryonic retinal cells
physiological function
ASMT is a key enzyme to catalyse the terminal step of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Melatonin is related with various physiological functions, such as sleep induction, circadian rhythm regulation together with oxidative stress and immune response
physiological function
direct role of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase/N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase in melatonin biosynthesis in plants
physiological function
cassava bacterial blight induces the expression of transcription factor WRKY79 and heat-shock transcription factor Hsf20, and the induced WRKY79 and Hsf20 activate the expression of ASMT2 via binding to W-box and HSEs in the ASMT2 promotor, which in turn increases melatonin accumulation and confers improved disease resistance
physiological function
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melatonin-deficient rice, in which expression of endogenous ASMT is suppressed, exhibits accelerated senescence in detached flag leaves, as well as significantly reduced yield
physiological function
rice leaves treated with flavonoids and then cadmium display lower melatonin levels than the flavonoid-untreated control
physiological function
the absence of pineal melatonin in pinealectomized animals phase shifts the daily peak of Asmt mRNA expression to daytime
roles of several residues around the active sites and methyl-transfer mechanism of human N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase, density function theory method, overview. residues H255, D256, E311, and R252 play an important role in reducing the barrier height and inducing methyl transfer. Some residues around the SAM in the centre of active site are essential factors to influence the mechanism and barrier height
additional information
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structural homology molecular modeling and model evaluation, molecular dynamics simulation, overview. Active site determination and modeling of ligand binding by the enzyme
additional information
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the daily melatonin levels in field-grown rice plants are unaffected as the positive effect of the relatively high temperature during the day is counteracted by the negative effect of the high light. The opposite effect occurs during the night, in which the positive effect of darkness on melatonin synthesis is counteracted by the negative effect of a low temperature