2.1.1.20: glycine N-methyltransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glycine N-methyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.1.1.20
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2.1.1.20
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s-adenosylmethionine
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s-adenosylhomocysteine
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homocysteine
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folate
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sarcosine
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adenosyltransferase
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cystathionine
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transmethylation
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adomet
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betaine-homocysteine
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remethylation
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beta-synthase
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one-carbon
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transsulfuration
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5-methyltetrahydrofolate
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medicine
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folate-dependent
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n-methylglycine
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s-methyltransferase
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glycine-n-methyltransferase
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guanidinoacetate
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folate-deficient
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pentaglutamate
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pah-binding
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adohcy
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diagnostics
- 2.1.1.20
- s-adenosylmethionine
- s-adenosylhomocysteine
- homocysteine
- folate
- sarcosine
-
adenosyltransferase
- cystathionine
-
transmethylation
- adomet
-
betaine-homocysteine
-
remethylation
- beta-synthase
-
one-carbon
-
transsulfuration
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
- medicine
-
folate-dependent
- n-methylglycine
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s-methyltransferase
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glycine-n-methyltransferase
- guanidinoacetate
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folate-deficient
- pentaglutamate
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pah-binding
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adohcy
- diagnostics
Reaction
Synonyms
4S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon binding protein, glycine methyltransferase, glycine N-methyltransferase, glycine-N methyltransferase, GNMT, Gnmt gene product, methyltransferase, glycine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine methyltransferase
ECTree
2.1.1.20 glycine N-methyltransferaseAdvanced search results
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Application on EC 2.1.1.20 - glycine N-methyltransferase
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APPLICATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
diagnostics
medicine
additional information
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phosphorylated serine residues 71, 182, and 241, in GNMT prepared from liver tissue and hepatocytes an S9 additional residue is phosphorylated, in hepatocytes and in recombinant GNMT S139 is detected, serine 9 is also identified as a target for cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro, positions of these phosphorylated residues in the tertiary structure of GNMT indicate their possible effect on enzyme conformation and activity
diagnostics
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enzyme level suitable as prognostic marker for human cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma
diagnostics
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partially suitable to distinguish between benign and malign tumor forms
medicine
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feeding with excess methionine leads to upregulation of hepatic enzyme
medicine
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patients with mutations Leu49Pro and His176Asn suffer from mild liver disease
medicine
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activation and induction of enzyme by retinoids are tissue- and gender-specific
medicine
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vitamin A may induce enzyme, induction by all-trans-retinoic acid can lead to impairment of essential transmethylation processes
medicine
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all-trans-retinoic acid and dexamethasone independently induce GNMT in liver, thereby having substantial implications for the potential interaction of retinoic administration with diabetes
medicine
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diabetes increases the activity and abundance of GNMT, lack of dietary folate results in the highest activity of GNMT in diabetic rats without the abundance of the protein being altered
medicine
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GNMT 1289 C->T polymorphism influences plasma homocysteine and is responsive to folate intake, plasma homocysteine concentrations do not differ among the GNMT C1289T genotypes at baseline. After folate restriction, women with the GNMT 1289 TT genotype have higher homocysteine concentrations than women with the CT or CC genotype. The influence of the GNMT 1289 C->T variant on homocysteine is dependent on the MTHFR C677T genotype. In subjects with the MTHFR 677 CC genotype, homocysteine is greater for GNMT 1289 TT subjects relative to 1289 CT or CC subjects. In subjects with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype, plasma homocysteine concentrations do not differ among the GNMT C1289T genotypes
medicine
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GNMT is a tumor susceptibility gene for prostate cancer, three major GNMT haplotypes in our populations, haplotype C conferred protection from the development of prostate cancer and exhibits the highest promoter activity
medicine
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GNMT sequesters benzo[a]pyrene, diminishes benzo[a]pyrene's effects to the liver detoxification pathway and prevents subsequent cytotoxicity
medicine
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glycine N-methyltransferase is a tumor susceptibility gene for both hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer
medicine
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GNMT is a tumor suppressor gene for liver cancer, and is associated with gender disparity in liver cancer susceptibility
medicine
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GNMT may represent a novel marker of malignant progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer
medicine
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GNMT is strongly downregulated in human cancers and is undetectable in cancer cell lines while the transient expression of the protein in cancer cells induces apoptosis and results in the activation of ERK1/2. The antiproliferative effect of GNMT can be partially reversed by treatment with the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk but not by supplementation with high folate or SAM. GNMT exerts the suppressor effect primarily in cells originated from malignant tumors. High levels of GNMT, detected in regenerating liver and in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts, do not produce cytotoxic effects. GNMT, a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, is translocated into nuclei upon transfection of cancer cells. The induction of apoptosis is associated with the GNMT nuclear localization but is independent of its catalytic activity or folate binding
