1.21.99.3: thyroxine 5-deiodinase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about thyroxine 5-deiodinase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.21.99.3
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1.21.99.3
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thyroid
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triiodothyronine
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hypothyroidism
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tsh
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deiodination
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pituitary
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euthyroidism
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3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
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adipose
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5'-deiodination
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propylthiouracil
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l-thyroxine
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prohormone
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3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
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thyrotropin
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selenocysteine
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selenoproteins
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selenoenzyme
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iopanoic
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methimazole
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dlk1-dio3
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pituitary-thyroid
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3,3'-diiodothyronine
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medicine
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monodeiodination
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extrathyroidal
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se-deficient
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t3-dependent
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selenium-deficient
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hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid
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amiodarone
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thyroidectomized
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harderian
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nonthyroidal
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thyroxine-binding
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thyrotropin-releasing
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thermogenic
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thyromimetically
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inner-ring
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6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil
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thyroid-stimulating
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thyrotoxicosis
- 1.21.99.3
- thyroid
- triiodothyronine
- hypothyroidism
- tsh
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deiodination
- pituitary
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euthyroidism
- 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
- adipose
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5'-deiodination
- propylthiouracil
- l-thyroxine
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prohormone
- 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
- thyrotropin
- selenocysteine
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selenoproteins
-
selenoenzyme
-
iopanoic
- methimazole
-
dlk1-dio3
-
pituitary-thyroid
- 3,3'-diiodothyronine
- medicine
-
monodeiodination
-
extrathyroidal
-
se-deficient
-
t3-dependent
-
selenium-deficient
-
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid
- amiodarone
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thyroidectomized
-
harderian
-
nonthyroidal
-
thyroxine-binding
-
thyrotropin-releasing
-
thermogenic
-
thyromimetically
-
inner-ring
- 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil
-
thyroid-stimulating
-
thyrotoxicosis
Reaction
Synonyms
5'-deiodinase, D3, deiodinase, deiodinase 3, deiodinase, thyroxine 5-, deiodinase-3, diiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase, Dio, Dio3, Dio3a, Dio3b, EC 1.97.1.11, ID-3, iodothyronine 5-deiodinase, iodothyronine deiodinase type III, iodothyronine inner ring monodeiodinase, iodothyronine monodeiodinase, ITHD, T4-5'-deiodinase, T4-5-deiodinase, thyroxine 5-deiodinase, type 3 deiodinase, type 3 iodothyronine 5-deiodinase, type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase, type III deiodinase, type III iodothyronine deiodinase, type-3 deiodinase, zD3
ECTree
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General Information on EC 1.21.99.3 - thyroxine 5-deiodinase
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
physiological role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion, overview. type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone inactivation is thought to participate in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from beta cellsA cAMP pathway mediates the pretranslational regulation of D3 expression in MIN6 cells
physiological function
malfunction
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in Dio3-deficient mice, about 80% of both M opsin+ and S opsin+ cones are lost through neonatal cell death
malfunction
inhibition of deiodinase-3 activity with iopanoic acid alone causes strong inhibition (58%) of blastema formation
malfunction
type 3 deiodinase is the cause of consumptive hypothyroidism, a clinical entity which often requires close cooperation between clinical endocrinologists, pediatricians, and oncologists, pathology, detailed overview
malfunction
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enzyme-deficient mice of both sexes exhibit decreased adiposity, reduced brown and white adipocyte size, and enhanced fat loss in response to triiodothyronine treatment. They also exhibit increased thyroid hormone action in the hypothalamus, with abnormal expression and triiodothyronine sensitivity of genes integral to the leptin-melanocortin system, including Agrp, Npy, Pomc, and Mc4r. Enzyme-deficient mice also display elevated locomotor activity and increased energy expenditure
physiological function
protective role in hearing by influence of thyroid hormone, influence on cochlear development and auditory function, thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme
physiological function
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role in innate immune response, reduction of thyroid hormone levels during illness, protective role in defense against acute bacterial infection, probably by reinforcement of microbial killing capacity of neutrophils
physiological function
hepatic type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase in adult vertebrates plays a sentinel role in avoiding an inappropriate overload of exogenous 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine secondary to feeding in those species that devour the whole prey
physiological function
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the development of cones, the photoreceptors for daylight and color vision, requires protection from thyroid hormone by type 3 deiodinase
physiological function
the local inactivation of thyroid hormone by deiodinase-3 is important for cell proliferation
physiological function
mRNA knock-down induces an overall delay in development and a severe delay of the time of hatching. There is a severe disturbance of several aspects of development. Swim bladder development and inflation are aberrant as is the development of liver and intestine. Enzyme knock-down larvae spend significantly less time moving, and both embryos and larvae exhibit perturbed escape responses. Isoform Dio3b mRNA levels in embryos are higher and the effects of Dio3b knock-down on enzymic activity and on the resulting phenotype are more severe than those of Dio2a knock-down
physiological function
mRNA knock-down induces an overall delay in development and a severe delay of the time of hatching.There is a severe disturbance of several aspects of development. Swim bladder development and inflation are aberrant as is the development of liver and intestine. Enzyme knock-down larvae spend significantly less time moving, and both embryos and larvae exhibit perturbed escape responses. Isoform Dio3b mRNA levels in embryos are higher and the effects of Dio3b knock-down on enzymic activity and on the resulting phenotype are more severe than those of Dio2a knock-down
physiological function
the enzyme is active in local deiodination processes, it degrades T4 and T3 into inactive metabolites and is thus the major physiological thyroid hormone inactivator, overview. The enzyme plays a relevant role in pregnancy, the enzyme activity in the maternal-fetal unit locally converts most of the T4 derived from the mother into rT3. The enzyme is involved in consumptive hypothyroidism, overview. Pregnancy can be considered a physiological form of compensated consumptive hypothyroidism, in which the physiologically increased expression of the enzyme increases the inactivation rate of maternal T4 thereby enhancing the need for thyroid hormone
physiological function
type 3 deiodinase plays a role in the fasting-induced alterations in thyroid hormone homeostasis. The enzyme activity is increased in kidney, muscle, and liver up to 4fold during fasting. The observed fasting-induced reductions in the circulating T3 and T4 levels are mediated in part by increased the enzyme activity and by the sequestration of thyroid hormone and their metabolites in tissues, overview
physiological function
type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) converts thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) to3,3',5-triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2), respectively, inactivating thyroid hormones in a cell-specific fashion
physiological function
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enzyme-mediated regulation of thyroid hormone action in the central nervous system influences multiple critical determinants of energy balance
