1.2.3.1: aldehyde oxidase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about aldehyde oxidase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.2.3.1
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1.2.3.1
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xanthine
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molybdenum
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allopurinol
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oxidases
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menadione
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benzaldehyde
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abscisic
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n-oxide
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n-heterocyclic
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moco
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phthalazine
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raloxifene
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molybdenum-containing
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xanthinuria
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hydralazine
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oxidase-mediated
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drug-drug
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molybdoenzymes
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sulphite
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o6-benzylguanine
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molybdopterin
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flavin-containing
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disulfiram
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n1-methylnicotinamide
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oxypurinol
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nutrition
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medicine
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hypouricemia
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amidoxime
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oxidase-catalyzed
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pharmacology
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synthesis
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degradation
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cyp2a6
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nitroreduction
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imidacloprid
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neonicotinoids
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phenanthridine
- 1.2.3.1
- xanthine
- molybdenum
- allopurinol
- oxidases
- menadione
- benzaldehyde
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abscisic
- n-oxide
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n-heterocyclic
- moco
- phthalazine
- raloxifene
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molybdenum-containing
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xanthinuria
- hydralazine
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oxidase-mediated
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drug-drug
-
molybdoenzymes
- sulphite
- o6-benzylguanine
- molybdopterin
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flavin-containing
- disulfiram
- n1-methylnicotinamide
- oxypurinol
- nutrition
- medicine
-
hypouricemia
-
amidoxime
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oxidase-catalyzed
- pharmacology
- synthesis
- degradation
- cyp2a6
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nitroreduction
- imidacloprid
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neonicotinoids
- phenanthridine
Reaction
Synonyms
Aao4, AHO2, aldehyde oxidase 1, aldehyde oxidase 2, aldehyde oxidase 3, aldehyde oxidase 3-like 1, aldehyde oxidase 4, aldehyde-oxygen oxidoreductase, aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, ALOD, AlOx, antennae-specific aldehyde oxidase, AO, AO-alpha, AO-beta, AO-delta, AO-gamma, AO-kappa, AO1, AO2, AO3, AO4, AOH, AOH1, AOH2, AOH3, AOMM, AOR, AOX, AOX1, AOX2, AOX3, AOX4, AtraAOX2, EC 1.2.3.11, FOD, formate oxidase, IAO1, mAOX3, mouse liver aldehyde oxidase 3, quinoline oxidase, Retinal oxidase, retinene oxidase
ECTree
1.2.3.1 aldehyde oxidaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Inhibitors
Inhibitors on EC 1.2.3.1 - aldehyde oxidase
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INHIBITOR 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-benzyl-3-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]thiourea
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
2-(methylthio)-6-nitro-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
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specific inhibitor of enzyme in vitro, 50% inhibition of phenanthridine oxidation at 0.0093 mM
3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde
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0.01 mM, 50% and 76% inhibition of phenanthridine and N-methylphthalazine oxidation, respectively; 0.1 mM, 87% inhibition of 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxidation
3,4-dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine
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0.1 mM and 1 mM, 48% and 100% inhibition of benzaldehyde oxidation, respectively
3,4-dimethoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3,4-dimethoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3-benzyl-2-(methylthio)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3-benzyl-2-(methylthio)-6-nitro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3-benzyl-6-nitro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-thiol
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3-ethyl-2-(methylthio)-6-nitro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3-ethyl-6-nitro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-thiol
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
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0.1 mM, 87% and 85% inhibition of phenanthridine and N-methylphthalazine oxidation, respectively; 0.1 mM, 87% inhibition of 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxidation
4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonaniside
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dose-dependent inhibition, no complete inhibition
4-bromo-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzenesulfonamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-phenylethylamine
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0.1 mM and 1 mM, 21% and 55% inhibition of benzaldehyde oxidation, respectively
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate
50 microM, 55.3% residual AtraAOX2 activity
4-methoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
4-methoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
4-methyl-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
4-methyl-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
6-nitro-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-thiol
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
adiponectin
downregulates AOX1 expression by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha
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amidol
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complete inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.2 mM
aspartate
neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels
catechol
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0.1 mM and 1 mM, 64% and 98% inhibition of benzaldehyde oxidation, respectively
cimetidine
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0.5 mM, 50% inhibition of reaction without added electron donor
diphenylsulfoxide
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85% inhibition at 0.1 mM, it serves as an inhibitor in presence of other electron acceptors
dithiothreitol
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45% and 92% inhibition at 0.1 mM and 1 mM respectively
dopamine
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0.1 mM, 80% and 93% inhibition of phenanthridine and N-methylphthalazine oxidation, respectively; 0.1 mM and 1 mM, 59% and 100% inhibition of benzaldehyde oxidation, respectively
estrogen
reduces liver aldehyde oxidase activity of male animals; reduces liver aldehyde oxidase activity of male animals; reduces liver aldehyde oxidase activity of male animals; reduces liver aldehyde oxidase activity of male animals; reduces liver aldehyde oxidase activity of male animals
glutamate
neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels; neonatal pretreatment, which reduces circulating growth hormone levels, decreases male aldehyde oxidase activity to female levels
L-Dopa
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0.1 mM and 1 mM, 39% and 94% inhibition of benzaldehyde oxidation, respectively
N-hydroxy-2-acetylamino-biphenyl
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15%, 51% and 88% inhibition at 0.001 mM, 0.01 mM and 0.1 mM respectively
N-hydroxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene
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38% and 88% inhibition at 0.001 mM and 0.01 mM respectively, protection against inhibition in the presence of dithiothreitol, cysteine and glutathione, noncompetitive inhibitor
N-hydroxy-2-propionylamino-fluorene
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25% and 52% inhibition at 0.001 mM and 0.01 mM respectively
N-hydroxyphenacetin
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4%, 27% and 44% inhibition at 0.001 mM, 0.01 mM and 0.1 mM respectively
N-[(1E)-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
N-[(1E)-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
N-[(1E)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
N-[(1E)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
N-[(1E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
N-[(1E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
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comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
noradrenaline
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0.1 mM, 51% and 95% inhibition of phenanthridine and N-methylphthalazine oxidation, respectively; 0.1 mM and 1 mM, 90% and 100% inhibition of benzaldehyde oxidation, respectively
p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
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effective inhibitor, more pronounced at higher pH values
quinocrine
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59-63% inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.1 mM
scopoletin
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moderate inhibition, effect on superoxide anion formation is more pronounced than effect on hydrogen peroxide formation or substrate oxidation
selenium
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enzyme activity towards substrates (S)-4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta[d]-pyrimidine and vanillin is increased by selenium deficiency to 250% of initial rate, and this corresponds to an increase of Aox1 protein level, but not to a decrease in mRNA level
siRNA
knock-down of AOX1 in HepG2 cells, significantly reduces ABCA1-dependent lipid efflux and enhances phagocytic uptake of microspheres similar to ABCA1 deficiency, without affecting ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels
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allopurinol
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at 0.01 mM, 13% inhibition of 0.1 mM substrate benzaldehyde, 6% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate phenanthridine, 7% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate vanillin
allopurinol
does not affect the extent of the oxidation reactions of 5-nitroquinoline but instead increases the amount of reductive metabolite produced by around 60%
arsenite
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82-95% inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.1 mM
beta-carboline
a far better inhibitor of mouse AOH1 than AOX1; a far better inhibitor of mouse AOH1 than AOX1
chlorpromazine
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80% inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.2 mM
chlorpromazine
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0.5 mM, 48% inhibition of reaction without added electron donor
dicoumarol
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33% inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.01 mM
fenofibrate
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in mature adipocytes, enzyme expression is reduced in presence of 50 microM fenofibrate
fenofibrate
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in mature adipocytes, enzyme expression is reduced in presence of 50 microM fenofibrate
hydralazine
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upon coincubation of BIBX1382, carbazeran, and O6-benzylguanine with 50 microM hydralazine, metabolic clearance is substantially attenuated
KCN
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95% inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.25 mM
menadione
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at 0.01 mM, 80% inhibition of 0.1 mM substrate benzaldehyde, 96% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate phenanthridine, 89% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate vanillin
menadione
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inhibitory versus substrates vanillin and phenanthridine, activating versus substrate xanthine
menadione
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0.006 mM, 0.0042 mM, 0.0026 mM, 0.001 mM, 0.0014 mM and 0.0008 mM, 50% inhibition of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide oxidation in male swiss CD mouse, CB57BI/6J, female swiss CD mouse, nude mouse, nude mouse tumor bearing and C129/C57 muse, respectively
menadione
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0.2 mM, 78% inhibition of reaction without added electron donor
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
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95% inhibition of sulfoxide reductase and aldehyde oxidase activity at 0.1 mM
palmitic acid
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enzyme expression is reduced in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated in presence of 400 microM palmitic acid
palmitic acid
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enzyme expression is reduced in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated in presence of 400 microM palmitic acid
Promethazine
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0.5 mM, 28% inhibition of reaction without added electron donor
quercetin
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at 0.01 mM, 96% inhibition of 0.1 mM substrate benzaldehyde, 69% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate phenanthridine, 91% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate vanillin. Mixed type inhibition for all three substrates
quetiapine
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additionally shows inhibition towards the major CYP450 enzymes tested
raloxifene
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specific inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase, complete inhibition at 0.01 mM
raloxifene
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additionally acts as non-specific inhibitor of all major tested CYP450 enzymes
raloxifene
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aldehyde oxidase inhibitor, significantly decreases NO generation from nitrite in heart or liver
raloxifene
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inhibits substrate binding at the molybdenum site of the enzyme
rutin
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at 0.01 mM, 52% inhibition of 0.1 mM substrate benzaldehyde, 27% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate phenanthridine, 34% inhibition of 0.05 mM substrate vanillin. Mixed type inhibition for benzaldehyde and vanillin, non-competitive with phenanthridine
Triton X-100
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28% and 63% inhibition at 0.007% with O2 and diphenylsulfoxide as electron acceptor respectively
additional information
hydroquinone and sodium deoxycholate have no inhibitory effect
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additional information
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hydroquinone and sodium deoxycholate have no inhibitory effect
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additional information
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oxidation of vanillin is more sensitive to inhibition by flavonoids than that of phenanthridine. A rather plan structure is essential for a potent inhibitory effect and substitution by sugar moieties reduces the inhibitory effects
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additional information
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addition of 100 microM allopurinol has no significant effect on enzyme activity
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additional information
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activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice
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additional information
activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice
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additional information
activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice
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additional information
activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice
-
additional information
activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice; activity is significantly reduced by castration of adult males. Hypophysectomy markedly decreases hepatic activity in male and to a lesser extent in female mice
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additional information
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some purine and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as well as various unsustituted aglycones and some ribonucleosides of various purine analogs are also inhibitors of this enzyme
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additional information
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under alkaline conditions, prominent inhibition of NO generation by aldehyde oxidase occurs
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additional information
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low aldehyde oxidase activity groups are the Slc:Wistar, Crl:SD, F344/DuCrlCrlj, and Slc:SD strains
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