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(+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate
(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
(1E,2E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-hydroxy-1-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-imine
-
52.5% inhibition at 50 mM
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
-
-
(2-([4-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)-benzylidene]-hydrazono)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
(2-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazono]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
(2-[(5-methyl-furan-2-ylmethylene)-hydrazono]-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
(2E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
59.2% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
55.9% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
48.9% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-1-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
49.5% inhibition at 50 mM
-
(2E)-1-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
59.2% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-1-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
42.7% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
12.3% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
14% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 2% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
1% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 4% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
19% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
13% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 4% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
40% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
49% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
strong tyrosinase inhibitory potential
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2E)-3-phenyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2E)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
-
16.9% inhibition at 50 mM
(2E)-but-2-enoic acid
-
non-competitive inhibition
(2E)-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-benzyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
strong tyrosinase inhibitory potential
(2E)-N-benzyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-benzyl-3-phenylprop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
62% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
25% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
-
non-competitive inhibition
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanone
-
-
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexanone
-
-
(2R,3R)-taxifolin
-
isolated from the sprout of Polygonum hydropiper L. (Benitade), inhibited 70% of tyrosinase activity at a concentration of 0.50 mM
(2Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(2Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid
-
-
(4-oxo-2-[(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
(4-oxo-2-[(3-phenyl-allylidene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
(7S, 8R, 8'R)-(-)-lariciresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, lignan glucosides
(7S, 8R, 8'R)-(-)-lariciresinol-4,4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, lignan glucosides
(7S, 8R, 8'R)-(-)-lariciresinol-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, lignan glucosides
(S)-imperanene
-
inhibitor in rum distillate wastewater significantly inhibits tyrosinase isolated from HMV-II cells, competitive inhibition. The inhibitory activities in descending order are (S)-imperanene 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl imperanene, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy imperanene
(Z)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one
-
71% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(Z)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one
-
69% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(Z)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one
-
39% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one
-
-
(Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one
-
11% inhibition at 0.1 mM
1,10-bis(1,10-carboxyethyl) ether
-
-
1,10-phenanthroline
-
1 mM, inactivation, half-life: 30 min
1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate
-
69.7% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
1,4-dithiothreitol
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one
-
-
1-(1,4-diacetylphenyl)dithiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-isopropylphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylidene)-thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-p-tolylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(1-phenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)propane
1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyurea
-
-
1-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)thiourea
-
-
1-(2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(3-methylbutylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(3-oxocyclohexylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(3-phenylallylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene)-thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-hydroxyurea
-
-
1-(4-butoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyurea
-
-
1-(4-fluorophenyl)-ethanone
-
-
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone
-
-
1-(4-methylpent-3-en-2-ylidene) thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(but-2-enylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(butan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide
1-(thiophen-2-yl)-ethanone
-
-
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate
-
47.8% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
1-cyclohexylidenethiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-cyclopentyl-1-hydroxy-2-oxohydrazine
-
inhibition of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase over the pH range of 5.5-8.0 is studied
1-cyclopentylidenethiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-dodecyl-1-hydroxy-2-oxohydrazine
-
inhibition of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase over the pH range of 5.5-8.0 is studied
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate
in the presence of 10 or 20% (w/v) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, the activity decreases dramatically and becomes negligible
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate
-
64.1% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
1-ethylidenethiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-3-phenylurea
-
-
1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)urea
-
-
1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-phenylurea
-
-
1-hydroxy-1-naphthalen-1-yl-2-oxohydrazine
-
inhibition of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase over the pH range of 5.5-8.0 is studied
1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-phenylhydrazine
-
inhibition of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase over the pH range of 5.5-8.0 is studied
1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)urea
-
-
1-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea
-
-
1-hydroxy-3-(4-nitrophenyl)urea
-
-
1-hydroxy-3-phenylthiourea
-
-
1-hydroxy-3-phenylurea
-
also retains a substantial potency in cell culture by reducing pigment synthesis by 78%
1-hydroxy-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea
-
-
1-methoxy-3-(4-nitrophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-methoxy-3-naphthalen-2-ylthiourea
-
-
1-methoxy-3-phenylurea
-
-
1-methylethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(2,6-dibromo-4-fluorophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(3-nitrophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(4-bromophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-pentanoyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea
-
noncompetitive inhibition, docking interaction analysis between 1-pentanoyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea and mushroom tyrosinase
1-pentanoyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)thiourea
-
-
1-propylidenethiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene]thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-3-hydroxyurea
-
-
1-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-3-phenylurea
-
-
1H-indol-5-ol
-
54% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 62% inhibition at 0.1 mM
2'-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3',5,5',7,7'-pentahydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2',3,3',4a,8a-hexahydro-4H,4'H-3,8'-bichromene-4,4'-dione
-
most potent inhibitor
2,2':4',2''-ter-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5,5',5''(4H,4''H)-trithione
-
-
2,2':4',2''-ter-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,5',5''(4H,4''H)-trithione
-
-
2,3,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxydeoxybenzoin
-
displays stable and significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity
2,3,4,4'-tetrahydroxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,3,4-trihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,3,4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol
-
2 mM, 93% inhibition
2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,4,4'-trihydroxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,4,5-trihydroxy-4'-methoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one
2,4,6-trihydroxy-4'-methoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid
-
-
2,4-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,4-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.550 mM
2,4-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 1.820 mM
2,4-dihydroxy-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
39% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 50% inhibition at 0.1 mM
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
2-(2-furanylmethylene)-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
-
mixed-type inhibitor
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
-
34% inhibition at 0.1 mM
2-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one
-
synthesis of the tyrosinase inhibitor, inhibits the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. Structure analysis by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high resolution mass spectrometry. Molecular docking simulation analysis and inhibition mechanism, a mixed-type inhibitor exerting reversible inhibition, overview. The inhibitor does not reduce the amount of the enzyme, but decreases the enzyme activity for the oxidation of L-dopa
2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate
-
mixed-type inhibition
2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
-
reversible, mixed-type inhibition
2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate
-
mixed-type inhibition
2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
-
-
2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate
-
-
2-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
-
-
2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
-
16% inhibition at 0.1 mM
2-(chloromethyl)-10-(2-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-6,7,8,10-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-b]chromene-4,9-dione
-
-
2-(chloromethyl)-10-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-6,7,8,10-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-b]chromene-4,9-dione
-
i.e. DHPC04, binding mode of R-DHPC04 and S-DHPC04 on the catalytic site of the enzyme, interactions between DHPC04 and residues His243 and Asn260
2-(hydroxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-6,7,8,10-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-b]chromene-4,9-dione
-
weak inhibition
2-(phenylmethylene)-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide
2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
-
exhibits significant inhibitory potency on both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, reversible noncompetitive inhibitor
2-chlorocinnamic acid
-
-
2-chlorophenol
-
competitive inhibitor
2-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
-
-
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one
-
-
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid
-
-
2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid
-
-
2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid
-
-
2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoic acid
-
-
2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
-
-
2-hydroxyethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
2-methoxyethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
2-Methylresorcinol
-
acts as enzyme substrate and inhibitor
2-oxoglutaric acid
-
AKG, a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase, inhibition kinetics integrated with molecular dynamics simulations reveal a complex induced parabolic slope mixed-type inhibition. AKG significantly inhibits the L-dopa oxidation of tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner, complete inactivation at about 25 mM. Enzyme residues His85, His259, Asn260, Phe264, Met280, Gly281, and Val283 interact with the inhibitor
2-[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl]phenol
-
77.5% inhibition at 50 mM, reversible competitive inhibition
2-[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl]phenol
-
80.6% inhibition at 50 mM, reversible competitive inhibition
2-[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl]phenol
-
69.8% inhibition at 50 mM
2-[(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
most potent tyrosinase inhibitor
2-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(2-hydroxy-4-bromophenyl)methylene]thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(4-bromophenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-thiosemicarbazone
-
-
2-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-(D-xylopyranosyloxy)phenyl D-xylopyranoside
-
isolated from Chlorophytum arundinaceum (liliaceae)
2-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-hydroxyphenyl D-xylopyranoside
-
isolated from Chlorophytum arundinaceum (liliaceae)
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl (2E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
non-competitive inhibitor, binding to the enzyme's binuclear active site is irreversible. The 2-hydroxy group in the compound interacts with amino acid HIS85 which is present in active binding site
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
mixed-type inhibition
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate
mixed-type inhibition
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl 3-hydroxybenzoate
-
2-[2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-oxoethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
-
2-[3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl]benzene-1,4-diol
-
plant-derived diarylpropane tyrosinase inhibitor
2alpha,3alpha,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
3'',4''-dihydroglabridin
-
100% inhibition at 0.33 mg/ml
3',5,5',7,7'-pentahydroxy-2,2'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2',3,3',4a,8a-hexahydro-4H,4'H-3,8'-bichromene-4,4'-dione
-
-
3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.555 mM
3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 1.180 mM
3,4-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydeoxybenzoin
-
-
3,4-dihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.280 mM
3,4-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 2.0 mM
3,4-dihydroxy-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
2% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 7% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3,4-dihydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzamide
-
6% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 9% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3,4-dihydroxy-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
43% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 48% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-O-ethyloxime
-
-
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid
-
noncompetitive inhibition
3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid
-
2.5% inhibition at 0.33 mM
3,4-dimethoxydihydrocinnamic acid
-
20.2% inhibition at 1 mM
3,5-dihydroxy-N-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.705 mM
3,5-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide
-
IC50: 0.710 mM
3,7,3',4'-taxifolin tetraacetate
-
assayed together with (2R,3R)-taxifolin
3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
-
15% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 22% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3-(3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl)-6,8-dihydroxycoumarin
-
potent, non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor, 68.3% inhibition at 0.8 mM
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
-
94% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one
-
19.3% inhibition at 0.8 mM
3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-hydroxy-1-methylurea
-
-
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
-
28% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
-
96% inhibition at 0.1 mM
3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4(1H)-pyridone
-
-
3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-phenylurea
-
-
3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
-
-
3-methoxy-1-methyl-1-phenylurea
-
-
3-Methoxybenzaldehyde
-
-
3-methylcrotonic acid
-
-
3-O-[2,6-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-quercetin
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
3-[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl]naphthalen-2-ol
-
58.2% inhibition at 50 mM
3-[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl]naphthalen-2-ol
-
62.6% inhibition at 50 mM
3-[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-enimidoyl]naphthalen-2-ol
-
57.5% inhibition at 50 mM
3beta, 23, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
4'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
4'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid
-
-
4'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid
-
binding mode, modeling
4'-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
4'-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid
-
-
4'-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid
-
binding mode, modeling
4,4'-diamino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1'H-1,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole-5,5'(4H,4'H)-dithione
-
-
4,4'-diamino-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1'H-1,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole-5,5'(4H,4'H)-dithione
-
-
4,4'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene-1,3-diol
-
-
4,6,4'-trihydroxyaurone
-
75% inhibition at 0.1 mM
4-(1-methylethyl)benzaldehyde
-
-
4-(1-methylethyl)benzoic acid
-
-
4-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyl-4,9-dioxo-4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]chromen-10-yl)benzonitrile
-
-
4-(benzyloxy)-N'-(hydrazinylcarbonyl)benzohydrazide
-
-
4-(hexyloxy)benzoic acid
-
-
4-(pentyloxy)benzoic acid
-
-
4-chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
-
exhibits significant inhibitory potency on both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, reversible mixed-type inhibitor
4-chlorosalicylic acid
-
-
4-coumaric acid
-
74.4% inhibition at 0.33 mM
4-dodecylresorcinol
-
reversible and competitive inhibition, IC50: 0.00112 mM
4-ethenylbenzaldehyde
-
-
4-ethenylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-ethylresorcinol
-
acts as enzyme substrate and inhibitor
4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetate
-
reversible, non-competitive inhibition
4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl (4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)acetate
-
-
4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl chloroacetate
-
-
4-formylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-ribopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 2,3-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 4,6-O-(phenylmethylidene)-beta-D-gulopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 6-O-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl 6-O-trityl-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl beta-D-ribopyranoside
-
-
4-formylphenyl-O-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid
-
noncompetitive inhibition
4-hydroxy-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
0% inhibition at 0.1 mM
4-hydroxy-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-methoxybenzamide
-
16% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 32% inhibition at 0.1 mM
4-hydroxy-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
31% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 9% inhibition at 0.1 mM
4-hydroxyanisole
-
can also act as enzyme substrate
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol
-
the compound is a substrate and an inhibitor for tyrosinase, 39% inhibition at 1.5 mM
4-Hydroxycoumarin
-
weak inhibition
4-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-xyloside
-
-
4-hydroxyphenyl beta-xylodioside
-
competitive inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenyl beta-xylotetraoside
-
competitive inhibitor, shows 35fold more potent inhibitory activity than beta-arbutin
4-hydroxyphenyl beta-xylotrioside
-
competitive inhibitor
4-methoxybenzaldehyde
-
-
4-methoxybenzoic acid
-
-
4-methylresorcinol
-
acts as enzyme substrate and inhibitor
4-nitrophenol
-
competitive to catechol
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl imperanene
-
inhibitor in rum distillate wastewater significantly inhibits tyrosinase isolated from HMV-II cells. The inhibitory activities in descending order are (S)-imperanene, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl imperanene, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy imperanene
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy imperanene
-
inhibitor in rum distillate wastewater significantly inhibits tyrosinase isolated from HMV-II cells. The inhibitory activities in descending order are (S)-imperanene, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl imperanene, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy imperanene
4-OH-cinnamic acid
-
4% inhibition at 0.1 mM
4-phenyl-2-butanol
-
a reversible, potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, mixed-type inhibitor fothe monophenoase activity and noncompetitive-type inhibitor for the diphenolase activity
4-propoxybenzoic acid
-
-
4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde
-
-
4-tert-butylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-xylidine-bis(dithiocarbamate) sodium salt
-
Na-SSC-NH-CH2-C6H4-CH2-NH-CSS-Na, mixed-type inhibition for both, catecholase and cresolase activities
4-[(1E,3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl]-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
50.6% inhibition at 50 mM
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(phenylcarbonyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4-tris-O-(phenylcarbonyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
reversible and competitive-type inhibitor
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(phenylcarbonyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4-tris-O-(phenylcarbonyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(phenylcarbonyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,4-tris-O-(phenylcarbonyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl beta-D-allopyranoside
-
-
4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)methyl]phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
4-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxyphenyl D-xylopyranoside
-
isolated from Chlorophytum arundinaceum (liliaceae)
4-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)propyl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
plant-derived diarylpropane tyrosinase inhibitor
4-[[hydroxy(nitroso)amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
inhibition of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase over the pH range of 5.5-8.0 is studied
4-[[hydroxy(nitroso)amino]methyl]phenol
-
inhibition of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase over the pH range of 5.5-8.0 is studied
5'-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]phenyl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-benzyl-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-cyclohexyl-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-phenyl-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-phenyl-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-[(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-[(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-[3-(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propyl]-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-[3-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5'-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-2,3'-bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2',5(4H)-dithione
-
-
5,2',4'-trihydroxy-2'',2''-dimethylchromene-(6,7:5'',6'')-flavanone
-
dalenin, the reversible inhibitor is 52 and 495times more effective as a monophenolase inhibitor than hydroquinone and kojic acid, respectively, non-competitive inhibitor with L-DOPA as substrate, mixed-I type inhibitor with L-tyrosine as substrate
5,5',7,7'-tetrahydroxy-2,2'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2',3,3',4a,8a-hexahydro-4H,4'H-3,8'-bichromene-4,4'-dione
-
-
5,5',7-trihydroxy-2,2'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4'-dioxo-3,3',4,4',4a,8a-hexahydro-2H,2'H-3,8'-bichromen-7'-yl D-glucopyranoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from extracts of the seeds of Garcinia kola
5,6,7,4'-tetramethylscutellarein
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavones/flavonols. Methoxylated flavones, like the methylethers of scutellarein, showed 10times lower inhibitory activity than kojic acid
5,6,7,8,4'-pentahydroxyflavone
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, flavones/flavonols
5,7,3',4'-taxifolin teramethyl ether
-
assayed together with (2R,3R)-taxifolin
5,7,4'-trimethylscutellarein
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavones/flavonols. Methoxylated flavones, like the methylethers of scutellarein, showed 10times lower inhibitory activity than kojic acid
5-(4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
97.49% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)trione
-
14.3% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
88.67% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-butoxyethoxy)benzyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
78.67% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-butoxyethoxy)benzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
85.88% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-butoxyethoxy)benzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
95.86% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
5.27% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
16.54% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
22.41% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
23.12% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(4-methoxy)benzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
12.2% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(4-methoxybutoxy)benzyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
9.85% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(4-methoxyethoxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
1.15% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-(4-methoxyethoxy)benzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
47.5% inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
5-ethenyl-5-hydroxy-3-isocyanocyclopent-2-en-1-one
-
inhibitor produced by Trichoderma viride strain H1-7 from a marine environment. Competitive inhibition
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-4-one
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one
5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural
-
noncompetitive inhibition
5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol
-
competitive to catechol
6'-glucosyl-martynoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of 6'-glucosyl-martynoside in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
6-hydroxy-2H-pyran-3-carbaldehyde
-
a new tyrosinase inhibitor from Crinum yemense, testing for tyrosinase inhibiting activity, based on structural similarity to kojic acid. It shows a concentration-dependant reduction in tyrosinase activity similar to kojic acid in an in vitro assay, more potent than kojic acid
6-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)coumarin
-
26.7% inhibition at 0.8 mM
6-hydroxy-kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
6-hydroxyapigenin
-
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, high inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. Acts as a cofactor to monophenolase
6-hydroxycoumarin
-
weak inhibition
6-hydroxygalangin
-
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, high inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. Acts as a cofactor to monophenolase
6-hydroxykaempferol
-
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, high inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. Acts as a cofactor to monophenolase. competitive inhibitor
7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro(3,2-g)chromen-5-one
-
artocarpfuranol, isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one
-
9.6% inhibition at 0.8 mM
8-isoprenyl-5'-geranyl-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxy flavanone
-
competitive inhibitor
8-O-methyltianmushanol
-
-
9-hydroxy-4-methoxypsoralen
-
noncompetitive inhibition
Ac-KSRFR
-
N-acetyl-pentapeptide Ac-P2, mixed-type inhibition
Ac-KSSFR
-
N-acetyl-pentapeptide Ac-P3, mixed-type inhibition
Ac-RSRFK
-
N-acetyl-pentapeptide Ac-P1, mixed-type inhibition
Ac-RSRFS
-
N-acetyl-pentapeptide Ac-P4, mixed-type inhibition
acetone
-
increasing solvent concentration up to 80% (v/v) yields a gradual reduction in the activity of the soluble and cross-linked enzyme forms, the cross-linked enzyme aggregate shows about 40% residual activity after incubation in acetone for about 34 h
Acetylacetone
-
0.1 mM, 75% inhibition
acteoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of acteoside in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
Agaritine
-
uncompetitive inhibition
Al3+
-
strongly inhibited diphenolase activity at ripening stage 1 and 2
alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl
-
5 mM, 44% inhibition
alpha-arbutin
-
inhibition of monophenolase activity, the inhibitory activity of beta-arbutin is higher compared to alpha-arbutin, molecular docking, overview. The hydroxyl group establishes hydrogen bonds with the peroxide ion and polar contacts with a copper ion as well as with residues H259 and H263. The aromatic ring position cannot be stabilized by Pi-Pi-interactions
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
-
-
alpha-picolyl heptyl amine
-
-
alpha-picolyl nonyl amine
-
-
alpha-picolyl pentyl amine
-
-
alpha-picolyl propyl amine
-
-
alyssonoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
ammonium tetramolybdate
-
anacardic acid
-
competitive inhibition
Anisic acid
-
uncompetitive inhibition
anthraglycoside B
-
anthraquinone, isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum
Antrodia camphorata extract
-
basidiomycete, only other effect on tyrosinase activity is prepared from Antrodia camphorata using 75% ethanol extraction
-
apigenin
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavones/flavonols
apigenin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
apigenin-7-O-(3'',6''-di-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
apigenin-7-O-(6''-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
arbutine
-
clinically used tyrosinase inhibitor
arjungenin
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
arjunilic acid
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum, most potent inhibitor, have potential to be used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation associated with the high production of melanocytes
artocarpanone
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
artocarpesin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
artocarpetin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
artocarpin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
ascorbate
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
baicalein
-
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, high inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. Acts as a cofactor to monophenolase
Barbituric acid
-
5.95% inhibition at 0.2 mM
Bathocuproine sulfonate
-
-
bayogenin
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
benzohydroxamic acid
-
is known to inhibit tyrosinase by chelating with copper. Completely independent of pH
benzylacetone
-
a reversible, potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, mixed-type inhibitor
benzyldithiocarbamate sodium salt
-
C6H5-CH2-NH-CSS-Na, noncompetitive inhibition for both, catecholase and cresolase activities
benzylideneacetone
-
a reversible, potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, mixed-type inhibitor
benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-one
-
-
beta-(N-3-hydroxypyridone-4)-alpha-aminopropionic acid
beta-picolyl heptyl amine
-
uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase and diphenolase activities
beta-picolyl nonyl amine
-
-
beta-picolyl pentyl amine
-
uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase and diphenolase activities
beta-picolyl propyl amine
-
uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase and diphenolase activities
betulin
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
betulinic acid
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
borax
-
71% residual activity at 10 mM
Bromoacetate
-
noncompetitive inhibition in a dose-dependent manner
brosimone I
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
broussonin C
-
competitive inhibition
butylxanthate sodium salt
-
sodium salt of n-alkyl xanthate compound, competitive inhibition for the cresolase activity, competitive inhibition for the catecholase activity
campestrol
-
isolated from Trifolium balansae, NMR structure identification, IC50: 0.00890 mM
carpachromene
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
chloroform
-
the cross-linked enzyme aggregate shows about 30% residual activity after incubation in chloroform for about 3 h
chlorogenic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenolic acids
choline acetate
-
27.9% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
choline dihydrophosphate
-
27.4% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
choline methylsulfonate
-
39.7% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
choline nitrate
-
54.6% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
chrysoeriol
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavones/flavonols
chrysoeriol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
chrysoeriol-7-O-(3'',6''-di-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
cistanoside F
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Comparing the activity of tetrasaccharides with cistanoside F
citreorosein
-
anthraquinone, isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum
crenulatoside A
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract, inhibition at 5 mg/ml 23.7%
crenulatoside B
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
crenulatoside C
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
crenulatoside D
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
crude ethanol phase
-
ECPE, inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of tyrosinase
-
cudraflavone B
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
cumic acid
-
noncompetitive inhibition
CuSO4
-
87% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 50% inhibition at 10 mM
cyanomaclurin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
cycloartocarpesin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
cycloartocarpin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus
cyclomorusin
-
exhibits competitive inhibition characteristics. Flavone displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity, isolated from the stem barks of Morus lhou. Inhibitory potency of this flavonoid toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase is investigated
D-ascorbic acid
-
met-tyrosinase is stable in anaerobic conditions but, in the presence of D-ascorbic acid undergoes an inactivation
D-ascorbic acid-6-p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
-
irreversible inhibitor
daedalin A
-
(2R)-6-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-2H-chromene from mycelial culture of Daedalea dickinsii
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
deoxyarbutin
competitive, a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase that can also act as substrate of the enzyme, shows membrane breaking and toxicity towards melanosomes, induces hydroxyl free radicals. Inhibition mechanism, overview
dihydro-4-coumaric acid
-
19.6% inhibition at 1 mM
dihydro-4-methoxycinnamic acid
-
46.4% inhibition at 1 mM
dihydrocaffeic acid
-
2.7% inhibition at 1 mM
dihydrocinnamic acid
-
40.5% inhibition at 1 mM
dihydroferulic acid
-
17.9% inhibition at 1 mM
dihydroisoferulic acid
-
60.6% inhibition at 0.33 mM
dihydromorin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
dihydrosinapic acid
-
22.6% inhibition at 1 mM
dioxane
-
increasing solvent concentration up to 80% (v/v) yields a gradual reduction in the activity of the soluble and cross-linked enzyme forms, the cross-linked enzyme aggregate shows about 40% residual activity after incubation in dioxane for about 62 h
dithioerythritol
-
0.05 mM, 82% inhibition of catechol oxidation, 95% inhibition of pyrogallol oxidation and 62% inhibition of dopa oxidation
dithiothreitol
-
strong inhibition
DMSO
-
low concentrations of DMSO (lower than 3.5 M) lead to reversible mixed-type inhibition of the enzyme, 68.0% residual activity at 1.4 M, 52.6% residual activity at 2.1 M, 36.6% residual activity at 2.8 M, complete inhibition at 5.6 M
dopamine
-
10% inhibition at 0.1 mM
echinacoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of echinacoside in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
emodin
-
anthraquinone, isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum
epicatechin-(4beta-8, 2beta-O-7)-epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract, inhibition at 5 mg/ml 34.6%
epigallocatechin gallate
-
exhibits a greater anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin
erythrodiol
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
ethanol
-
50% ethanol, 56% inhibition
ethyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
ethylxanthate sodium salt
-
sodium salt of n-alkyl xanthate compound, uncompetitive inhibition for the cresolase activity, mixed inhibition for the catecholase activity
Fe2+
-
complete inhibition at 5 mM
flemichin D
-
competitive inhibition
fleminchalcone A
-
i.e. 1-(5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chroman-8-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one, competitive inhibition
fleminchalcone B
-
i.e. 1-(3,5-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-6-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one, competitive inhibition
fleminchalcone C
-
i.e. 1-(5-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-2H-furo[2,3-h]chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one, competitive inhibition
forsythoside B
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of for sythoside B in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
galangin
-
and its flavonoid mixture from Alpinia officinarum
gamma-picolyl heptyl amine
-
uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase activity and mixed-type inhibition of diphenolase activity
gamma-picolyl nonyl amine
-
-
gamma-picolyl pentyl amine
-
uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase activity and mixed-type inhibition of diphenolase activity
gamma-picolyl propyl amine
-
uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase activity and mixed-type inhibition of diphenolase activity
Ganoderma lucidum extract
-
basidiomycete, also known as Lingzhi in the herbal medicine community, exhibits significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity. No difference in inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity is observed by Ganoderma lucidum extracts obtained by the three different extraction methods (75%, 50% ethanol, and distilled water extraction)
-
geranic acid
-
in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
geranic acid ethyl amide
-
-
geranic acid ethyl ester
-
-
geranic acid ethylene glycol ester
-
-
glutamic acid
-
individually grafted onto a novel CSG1.0 membrane as a ligand for enzyme purification
glycine
-
9% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 12% inhibition at 5 mM
Guanidine-HCl
-
treatment with guanidine-HCl at increasing concentrations (0-800 mM) results in a reduced activity for both enzyme forms, but aggregation as cross-linked enzyme aggregate improves tyrosinase stability at higher concentrations (above 314 mM)
H2O2
-
the enzyme becomes inactivated by hydrogen peroxide during catalysis
hesperidin
-
inhibitory effect on tyrosinase diphenolase, from citrus peel crude extracts
hexane
-
the cross-linked enzyme aggregate shows about 20% residual activity after incubation in hexane for about 24 h
hexanoic acid
-
mixed-type inhibition
Hexestrol
-
best inhibitors are tropolone, hinokitiol and hexestrol
hexylxanthate sodium salt
-
sodium salt of n-alkyl xanthate compound, competitive inhibition for the cresolase activity, competitive inhibition for the catecholase activity
hinokitiol
-
best inhibitors are tropolone, hinokitiol and hexestrol
histidine
-
individually grafted onto a novel CSG1.0 membrane as a ligand for enzyme purification
inhibitor peptide
Agaricus hortensis
-
2 natural occuring inhibitors: a 1200 Da peptide that inhibits tyrosinase competitively and second uncharacterized peptide
-
Inhibitor protein from human skin
-
-
-
iodobenzoic acid
-
1 mM, 78% inhibition
isoartocarpesin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
isoferulate
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, phenolic acids
isoferulic acid
-
77.8% inhibition at 0.33 mM
isorhamnetin-3-O-(6''-OAc)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
isorhamnetin-7-O-(6''-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
IC50 of 0.1806 mg/ml
kaempferol 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)][alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
IC50 of 0.1935 mg/ml
kaempferol-3-O-(6''-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum and Marrubium cylleneum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
kaempferol-3-O-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
kazinol C
-
competitive inhibition
kazinol F
-
competitive inhibition
kazinol S
-
competitive inhibition, i.e. 5'-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-6''-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5''-(2,3-epoxy-3-methylbytyl)-2',4',3'',4''-tetrahydroxy diphenylpropane
kazinol T
-
i.e. 5'-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-6''-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4'',5''-[(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)]-dihydrofuranyl)-2',4',3''-trihydroxy diphenylpropane
khonklonginol H
-
competitive inhibition
kuraridinol
-
prenylated flavonoid from Sophora flavescens, isolated from the EtOAc fraction, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Inhibitory activity 20times more potent than that of the positive control, kojic acid. Kuraridinol is a chalcone compound belonging to the prenylated flavonoids
kurarinone
-
from the root of Sophora flavescens, exhibits potent antibacterial activity, noncompetitive inhibitor, binds at an allosteric site
kuwanon C
-
exhibits competitive inhibition characteristics. Flavone displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity, isolated from the stem barks of Morus lhou. Inhibitory potency of this flavonoid toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase is investigated
kuwanon E
-
competitive inhibitor
L-ascorbate
-
significantly inhibits PPO activity, evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
L-cysteine chloride
-
competitive
L-tyrosine
-
uncompetitive inhibition
Lactic acid
-
3.73 mM, 50% inhibition of recombinant enzyme
ladanein
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavones/flavonols. Methoxylated flavones, like the methylethers of scutellarein, showed 10times lower inhibitory activity than kojic acid
lamiophlomiside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
lavandulifolioside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of lavandulifolioside in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
leucosceptoside A
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of leucosceptoside A in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
Li+
-
72.5% residual activity at 1 mM
lupeol
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
lupinifolin
-
competitive inhibition
luteolin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract, inhibition at 5 mg/ml 14%
luteolin-7-O-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
macroporus adsorption resin
-
FGRE, inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of tyrosinase
-
martynoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
maslinic acid
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
mauritianin
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract
methyl (Z)-2-((E)-2-(((E)-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methylene)hydrazono)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate
-
-
methyl (Z)-2-((E)-2-(((E)-4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)hydrazono)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate
-
-
methyl arjunolate
-
pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Rhododendron collettianum
methyl gallate
-
shows a concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase with IC50 of 0.0625 mg/ml
MgCl2
-
10% inhibition at 0.1-1.0 mM, 11% inhibition at 10 mM
mimosine
-
inhibits monophenolhydroxylase and diphenoloxidase activity, inhibits the activity at concentrations in the microM-range, competitive inhibition
moracin M
-
competitive inhibitor
moracin N
-
competitive inhibitor
moracinoside M
-
competitive inhibitor
mormin
-
exhibits competitive inhibition characteristics. Characterized as a new flavone possesing a 3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl at C-3. Flavone displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity, isolated from the stem barks of Morus lhou. Inhibitory potency of this flavonoid toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase is investigated
morusin
-
Flavone displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity, isolated from the stem barks of Morus lhou. Inhibitory potency of this flavonoid toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase is investigated
N',N'''-benzene-1,4-diylbis(1-hydroxyurea)
-
-
N'-(hydrazinylcarbonyl)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide
-
-
N'-(hydrazinylcarbonyl)naphthalene-2-carbohydrazide
-
-
N,N-unsubstituted selenourea derivatives
-
55.5% inhibition at 0.2 mM, IC50: 0.17-0.23 mM
-
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.029 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.017 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.011 mM
N-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3,5-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.0022 mM
N-(4-coumaroyl)serotonin
-
isolated from safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L.
N-benzyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 1.660 mM
N-benzyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.780 mM
N-benzyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 2.0 mM
N-benzyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzamide
-
IC50: 0.700 mM
N-benzylamide
-
IC50: 1.990 mM
N-benzylbenzamide derivatives
-
inhibitory potency, structureactivity relationships, overview
-
N-dihydrocaffeoyltyramine
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-feruloylserotonin
-
isolated from safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L.
N-hydroxy-N-(phenylcarbamoyl)acetamide
-
-
N-phenylthiourea
-
PTU induces a strong inhibition of the tyrosinase activity
N-protocatechuoylserotonin
N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
0% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 1% inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
-
42% inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
-
18% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]benzamide
-
22% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Na2S2O4
-
0.1 mM, 30% inhibition
NaF
-
inhibits moderately
NaHSO3
-
strong inhibitor
neocyclomorusin
-
competitive inhibitor
nikotiflorin
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
nobiletin
-
inhibitory effect on tyrosinase diphenolase, from citrus peel crude extracts
NP-40
-
leads to a decrease in the PPO activity, whether p-cresol or catechol is used as the substrate. 50% inhibition is observed in the presence of 68 microM NP-40
o-Nitrophenol
-
competitive to catechol
o-phenanthroline hydrate
-
3 mM, 30% inhibition
O2
-
at concentrations above 30%
octanoic acid
-
mixed-type inhibition
octyl (2E)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)prop-2-enoate
-
-
p-aminobenzenesulfonamide
-
competitive inhibition
p-Aminobenzoic acid
-
individually grafted onto a novel CSG1.0 membrane as a ligand. This study indicates the p-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) grafted chitosan membrane (CSG-ABA) exhibits the best sorption capacity on tyrosinase
p-phenanthroline
-
5 M, complete inhibition
paeonol
-
effects of paeonol on cell growth of B16F10 melanoma cells are shown. The effect of a high dose of paeonol (200 microM) is better than that of 2 microM hydroquinone (HQ), which acts as a positive agent. Paeonol down-regulates tyrosinase expression at mRNA and protein level. And paeonol inhibits MITF mRNA expression in B16F10 melanoma cells und the phosphorylation of CREB
pentagalloyl glucopyranose
-
exhibits potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with respect to L-DOPA with IC50 of 0.04265 mg/ml
petroleum ether
-
PCPE, inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of tyrosinase
-
phaselic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenolic acids
phenylhydrazine
-
1 mM, 86% inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition
phloroglucinol
-
enzyme-inhibitor interaction measurement by SPR
physcion
-
anthraquinone, isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. Most potent tyrosinase inhibition among the four anthraquinones examined, which is comparable to kojic acid
pinosylvin
-
inhibition of 32%
Poly(9)-oxyethylenelauryl ether
-
-
-
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
-
1.1%, 50% inhibition
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-wrapped fullerene derivative
-
inhibitory effect of the water-soluble polymer-wrapped derivative of fullerene, named Radical Sponge. As compared with two major effective cosmetic additives, arbutin and L-ascorbic acid, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-wrapped fullerene derivative (Radical Sponge) shows the more marked depigmenting effect in human melanocytes or melanoma cells
-
potassium metabisulfite
-
0.092 mM, 50% inhibition
propylxanthate sodium salt
-
sodium salt of n-alkyl xanthate compound, uncompetitive inhibition for the cresolase activity, mixed inhibition for the catecholase activity
protocatechuic acid
-
inhibition of 34%
pyrogallol
-
enzyme-inhibitor interaction measurement by SPR
quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
IC50 of 0.1297 mg/ml
quercetin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)][alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
IC50 of 0.1462 mg/ml
quercetin-3-O-(6''-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
reduced glutathione
-
42% residual activity at 1 mM
resorcine
-
competitive to catechol
resorcinol
-
acts as enzyme substrate and inhibitor
resveratrol
-
can also act as enzyme substrate
saffron
-
enzyme-inhibitor interaction measurement by SPR
-
Salicylaldoxime
-
0.43 mM, 50% inhibition
salicylic acid
-
uncompetitive
salicylic hydroxamic acid
-
-
Sinapic acid
-
1.6% inhibition at 1 mM
Sodium bisulfite
-
0.062 mM, 50% inhibition
sodium cholate
-
in the presence of sodium cholate a decrease in PPO activity is observed when p-cresol is used as the substrate. The inhibition increases with increasing detergent concentration, until a plateau is reached. PPO activity is reduced to 50% of the control
Sodium cyanide
-
noncompetitive
sodium deoxycholate
-
in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, a decrease in PPO activity is observed when p-cresol is used as the substrate. The inhibition increases with increasing detergent concentration, until a plateau is reached. PPO activity is reduced to 50% of the control
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
sodium hydrogen sulfite
complete inhhibition at 50 mM
sodium iso-butylxanthate
-
-
sodium iso-pentylxanthate
-
-
sodium iso-propylxanthate
-
-
sodium sulphate
-
most effective inhibitor, noncompetitive inhibition
sodium thiosulfate
complete inhhibition at 50 mM
sophoraflavanone G
-
from the root of Sophora flavescens, exhibits potent antibacterial activity, noncompetitive inhibitor
soyacerebroside I
-
from Guioa villosa leaf extract, inhibition at 5 mg/ml 86.3%
stachydrine
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, lignan glucosides
stachysoside D
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
stigmast-5-ene-3beta,26-diol
-
isolated from Trifolium balansae, NMR structure identification, IC50: 0.00239 mM
stigmast-5-ene-3beta-ol
-
isolated from Trifolium balansae, NMR structure identification, IC50: 0.00525 mM
Streptomyces hiroshimensis strain TI-C3 with anti-tyrosinase activity
-
bacterial strain TI-C3, isolated and verified to display 498 U/ml of anti-tyrosinase acitivity. The anti-tyrosinase activity of the strain TI-C3 is improved to 905 U/ml under cultivation, usong glucose and malt extract as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources
-
syringic acid
-
uncompetitive inhibition
Tannic acid
-
enzyme-inhibitor interaction measurement by SPR
tert-butanol
-
the cross-linked enzyme aggregate shows about 50% residual activity after incubation in tert-butanol for about 326 h
tetrabutylammonium acetate
-
24.1% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
tetrabutylammonium methylsulfonate
-
45.3% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
tetramethylammonium acetate
-
30% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
Thai honey
-
different types of Thai honey on pathogenic bacteria causing skin diseases, tyrosinase enzyme and generating free radicals, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thai honey, overview. Honey from longan flower gives the highest activity on multiresistent Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA isolate 49) when compared to the other types of honey, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5% v/v and minimum bactericidal concentration of 25% v/v. The antioxidant activity of the honey obtained from coffee pollen is the highest with highest level of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Honey from coffee flower shows inhibition of tyrosinase by 63.46%. The highest activity of tyrosinase inhibition from manuka honey is also very high
-
Thiobarbituric acid
-
8.21% inhibition at 0.2 mM
tiliroside
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol acylated glucosides
trans-cinnamaldehyde
-
competitive inhibition
trans-N-caffeoyltyramine
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
trans-N-dihydro-p-hydroxycinnamoyltyramine
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
tributylammonium dihydrophosphate
-
27.5% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
triethylammonium dihydrophosphate
-
23.4% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
trifolirhizin
-
prenylated flavonoid from Sophora flavescens, isolated from the EtOAc fraction, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis
trimethylammonium dihydrophosphate
-
12% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
trimethylammonium methylsulfonate
-
40.9% residual activity at 5% (w/v)
Tween 80
-
leads to a decrease in the PPO activity, whether p-cresol or catechol is used as the substrate. 60% inhibition is observed in the presence of 32-60 microM Tween 80
tyramine
-
23% inhibition at 0.1 mM
tyrosol
-
the compound is a substrate and an inhibitor for tyrosinase, 18% inhibition at 1.5 mM
velutinoside I
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
velutinoside II
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides. Bathochromic shift of velutinoside II in the presence of CuSO4 (0.05 mM)
velutinoside III
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
velutinoside IV
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, phenylethanoid glycosides
[1,1''-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid
-
little availability of the carboxylic acid group in 2-phenylbenzooic acid to chelate with cupric ions in the active site
[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
[2-(furan-2-ylmethylene-hydrazono)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
[2-[(4-benzyloxy-benzylidene)-hydrazono]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]-acetic acid methyl ester
-
-
[4-oxo-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene-hydrazono)-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]-acetic acid methyl ester
-
non-competitive inhibition
(+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
GCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
GCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
GCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
GCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
-
ECG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
-
ECG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
-
ECG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
-
ECG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epigallocatechin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
EGCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
EGCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
EGCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
-
EGCG, tyrosinase inhibitor
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
67% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
100% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
15% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 30% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide
-
55% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 73% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
-
(2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide
-
29% inhibition at 0.1 mM; 48% inhibition at 0.1 mM
(R)-HTCCA
-
-
(S)-HTCCA
-
-
1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)propane
-
tyrosinase inhibitor with strong depigmenting effects, found in the medicinal plant Dianella ensifolia. Synthetic and plant derived versions of the enzyme inhibit mushroom tyrosinase with similar potencies
1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)propane
-
tyrosinase inhibitor with strong depigmenting effects, found in the medicinal plant Dianella ensifolia. 22times more potent than kojic acid
1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
most potent inhibitor
1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide
-
-
1-Phenyl-2-thiourea
-
1 mM, 94% inhibition
1-Phenyl-2-thiourea
-
the phenoloxidase activity of HdPO is most sensitive to 1-phenyl-2-thiourea, complete inhibition at 5 mM
2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one
Mushroom
-
copper chelator, trivial name tropolone, mixed inhibition, 90% reversible by dialysis, approx. 70% recovery by addition of CuSO4
2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one
-
1 mM, 91% inhibition of catecholase activity
2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide
-
acetazolamide or ACZ, in vitro, in vivo studies, and in silico docking studies. Inhibition kinetics, noncompetitive inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations, overview
2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide
-
acetazolamide or ACZ, in vitro, in vivo studies, and in silico docking studies, His244, Asn260 and His85 are the major interacting residues in the binding site of the protein. Inhibition kinetics, acetazolamide is a noncompetitive inhibitor without cytotoxic effect. Molecular dynamics simulations, overview
2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide
-
acetazolamideor ACZ, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies, inhibition kinetics. Acetazolamide is a a noncompetitive inhibitor without cytotoxic effect showing inhibition of tyrosinase expression in L-DOPA-induced melanoma. Molecular dynamics simulations, overview
2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
-
KI-063, a new tyrosinase inhibitor, strong concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity
2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
-
KI-063
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
2-mercaptoethanol
-
2-mercaptoethanol
-
specific inhibitor
2-mercaptoethanol
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
2-mercaptoethanol
-
evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
2-mercaptoethanol
-
0.029 mM, 50% inhibition
2-mercaptoethanol
-
2 mM, 93% inhibition
2-mercaptoethanol
-
0.1 mM, complete inhibition
2-mercaptoethanol
-
competitive
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
3-hydroxycinnamic acid
-
-
3-hydroxycinnamic acid
-
-
3-hydroxyphloretin
-
constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana), exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity, competitive inhibitor. Enzyme kinetics study of 3-hydroxyphloretin as inhibitor with various concentrations of the L-tyrosine substrate (15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 microM)
3-hydroxyphloretin
-
constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana), inhibition 73%, shows substantial cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 microM
4-Aminobenzoic acid
-
a noncompetitive inhibitor
4-butylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-butylbenzoic acid
-
reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor
4-heptylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-heptylbenzoic acid
-
reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor
4-hexylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-hexylbenzoic acid
-
reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor
4-hexylresorcinol
-
-
4-hexylresorcinol
-
reversible and competitive inhibition, IC50: 0.00150 mM
4-hexylresorcinol
-
1 mM, 65% inhibition of catecholase activity
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
-
-
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
-
16.4% inhibition at 0.2 mM
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
-
-
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
4-hydroxycinnamic acid
-
competitive inhibition of tyrosinase by 4-hydroxycinnamic acid is a slow, reversible reaction with fractional remaining activity, has no effects on the proliferation of normal liver L02 cells, delays the mushroom browning. Molecular docking analysis and kinetic modeling, structure-function analysis, detailed overview
4-hydroxycinnamic acid
-
-
4-methoxycinnamic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 4-methoxycinnamic acid is ever reported, selected as comparing substance
4-methoxycinnamic acid
-
-
4-methoxycinnamic acid
-
46.62% inhibition at 0.2 mM
4-methoxycinnamic acid
-
55.2% inhibition at 1 mM
4-methylcatechol
Mushroom
-
substrate inhibition
4-methylcatechol
Mushroom
-
-
4-octylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-octylbenzoic acid
-
reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor
4-pentylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-pentylbenzoic acid
-
reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor
4-propylbenzoic acid
-
-
4-propylbenzoic acid
-
reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-4-one
-
1.12 mM, 50% inhibition of recombinant enzyme
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-4-one
-
trivial name kojic acid, 1 mM, complete inhibition of L-dopa oxidation, 94% inhibition of tyrosinase activity
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-4-one
-
-
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-4-one
-
1 mM, 50% inhibition of L-dopa oxidation
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one
-
-
5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one
-
-
8-hydroxyquinoline
-
3 mM, 44% inhibition
8-hydroxyquinoline
-
1.3 mM, 50% inhibition
aloesin
-
-
aloesin
-
noncompetitive inhibition
Anisaldehyde
-
-
Anisaldehyde
-
noncompetitive inhibition
arbutin
exhibits little inhibitory effect on TyrA with 25.6% inhibition at 10 mM
arbutin
-
tyrosinase inhibitory activity of arbutin is ever reported, selected as comparing substance
arbutin
-
inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of tyrosinase
arbutin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
arbutin
-
a glycosylated benzoquinone, ascorbic acid reduces melanin formation via reduction of dopaquinone
arbutin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
arbutin
-
3.7 mM, 50% inhibition of recombinant enzyme
arbutin
-
as compared with two major effective cosmetic additives, arbutin and L-ascorbic acid, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-wrapped fullerene derivative (Radical Sponge) shows the more marked depigmenting effect in human melanocytes or melanoma cells
arbutin
-
common tyrosinase inhibitor
arbutin
-
commercially available depigmenting agent, used as a positive control
arbutin
a glycosylated benzoquinone, ascorbic acid reduces melanin formation via reduction of dopaquinone
arbutin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
arbutin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
arbutin
-
no inhibition by 1 mM arbutin
ascorbic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
ascorbic acid
-
IC50 of 0.0066 mg/ml
ascorbic acid
-
noncompetitve
ascorbic acid
-
inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview
ascorbic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
ascorbic acid
-
completely inhibited by 10 mM ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
-
noncompetitive inhibition
ascorbic acid
-
the phenoloxidase activity of HdPO is most sensitive to ascorbic acid, 93% inhibition at 10 mM
ascorbic acid
-
exhibits less tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than 3-hydroxyphloretin or catechol
ascorbic acid
-
in descending order of inhibition potency: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > glutathione = ascorbic acid > L-cysteine > EDTA > citric acid
ascorbic acid
-
strong inhibitor, 78% inhibition at 1 mM, 88% inhibition at 10 mM
ascorbic acid
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
ascorbic acid
complete inhhibition at 50 mM
ascorbic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
ascorbic acid
-
30% inhibition at 0.5 mM, complete inhibition at 5 mM
ascorbic acid
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 70.3% inhibition at 30 mM
ascorbic acid
-
effective inhibitor, 99% inhibition at 1 mM
ascorbic acid
-
reducing agent
ascorbic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
ascorbic acid
-
17.6% residual activity at 1 mM
ascorbic acid
-
50% and 78% inhibition at 1 mM for the cv. Narince samples from 2006 and 2007, respectively
azelaic acid
-
-
azelaic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
azelaic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
azelaic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
azelaic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
azide
-
no inhibition by sodium azide
azide
-
1 mM, 60% inhibition of catecholase activity
azide
-
no inhibition by sodium azide
Ba2+
-
-
Ba2+
16.45% inhhibition at 20 mM
benzaldehyde
-
benzoic acid
-
effects of inhibitors on mushroom PPO are determined by using pyrogallol as substrate
benzoic acid
-
is known to inhibit tyrosinase by chelating with copper. Acts in a similar manner to 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-phenylhydrazine
benzoic acid
-
competitive inhibition, 45% inhibition of diphenolase activity at 0.7 mM, 42% inhibition of monophenolase activity at 0.7 mM
benzoic acid
-
48.8% inhibition at 10 mM
benzoic acid
-
31% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 52% inhibition at 10 mM
benzoic acid
-
0.2 mM, 50% inhibition
benzoic acid
-
9% residual activity at 10 mM
benzoic acid
-
noncompetitive
beta-(N-3-hydroxypyridone-4)-alpha-aminopropionic acid
Mushroom
-
0.1 mM, 50% inhibition; copper chelator, trivial name L-mimosine
beta-(N-3-hydroxypyridone-4)-alpha-aminopropionic acid
-
copper chelator, trivial name L-mimosine
beta-arbutin
-
i.e. 4-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
beta-arbutin
-
inhibition of monophenolase activity, the inhibitory activity of beta-arbutin is higher compared to alpha-arbutin, molecular docking, overview. The hydroxyl group establishes hydrogen bonds with the peroxide ion and polar contacts with a copper ion as well as with residues H259 and H263. The aromatic ring position cannot be stabilized by Pi-Pi-interactions
beta-mercaptoethanol
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
beta-mercaptoethanol
-
uncompetitive inhibition
beta-mercaptoethanol
-
complete inhibition at 1.0 mM
Ca2+
-
65% residual activity at 10 mM
Ca2+
-
43.9% inhibition at 10 mM
Ca2+
-
strongly inhibited diphenolase activity at ripening stage 3
Ca2+
29.60% inhhibition at 20 mM
Ca2+
-
74.2% residual activity at 1 mM
CaCl2
-
evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
CaCl2
-
69% residual activity at 10 mM
caffeic acid
-
i.e. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid
caffeic acid
-
6.6% inhibition at 1 mM
caffeic acid
-
10% inhibition at 0.1 mM
captopril
-
-
catechin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
catechin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
catechin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
catechin
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
catechol
-
constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana)
catechol
-
enzyme-inhibitor interaction measurement by SPR
catechol
-
constituents from the formosan apple (Malus doumeri var. formosana), inhibition 78%, shows substantial cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 microM
catechol
-
irreversible inactivation
cefazolin
-
reversible, competitive inhibition of both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase
cefodizime
-
reversible, mixed-type inhibition of both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase
cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
-
-
cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
-
46% residual activity at 0.2% (v/v)
cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
-
cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
-
cinnamaldehyde
-
-
Cinnamic acid
-
-
Cinnamic acid
-
49.3% inhibition at 1 mM
Cinnamic acid
-
competitive inhibition, 48% inhibition of diphenolase activity at 1.0 mM, 50% inhibition of monophenolase activity at 1.0 mM
Cinnamic acid
-
substrate analogue
Citric acid
-
65% residual activity at 10 mM
Citric acid
-
noncompetitive inhibition
Citric acid
-
27.9% inhibition at 10 mM
Citric acid
-
in descending order of inhibition potency: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > glutathione = ascorbic acid > L-cysteine > EDTA > citric acid
Citric acid
-
12% inhibition at 1 mM, 60% inhibition at 10 mM
Citric acid
-
30% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 33% inhibition at 10 mM
Citric acid
42.70% inhhibition at 50 mM
Citric acid
-
24% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 32% inhibition at 5 mM
Citric acid
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 74.5% inhibition at 10 mM
Citric acid
-
10% residual activity at 10 mM
Citric acid
-
26% residual activity at 1 mM
Cl-
-
enzyme added to substrate L-dopa, that is mixed with various concentrations of NaCl in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. When the NaCl concentration reaches to 600 mM, almost all the enzyme activity is abolished. Cl- induced inhibition of human tyrosinase, Cl- inhibits tyrosinase in a slope-parabolic competitive manner. TXM13 originated tyrosinase and the overexpressed human tyrosinase in HEK293 cells are inhibited. The inhibition by Cl- is reversible
Cl-
-
200 mM, 13% inhibition at pH 6.0, 85% inhibition at pH 5.0, 96% inhibition at pH 4.0
Cl-
-
6 mM, 50% inhibition at pH 4.5, 34 mM, 50% inhibition at pH 5
Cl-
-
1 mM, 35% inhibition of L-dopa oxidation
CN-
-
-
CN-
-
0.2 mM, 70% inhibition of catechol oxidation, 63% inhibition of pyrogallol oxidation, 50% inhibition of dopa oxidation
CN-
-
1 mM, 96% inhibition
CN-
-
0.2 mM, 50% inhibition of isoenzyme I, 0.13 mM, 50% inhibition of isoenzyme III
CN-
-
1 mM, 59% inhibition of isoenzyme a, 83% inhibition of isoenzyme B
CN-
-
0.6 mM, 50% inhibition
CN-
Vibrio tyrosinaticus
-
-
CN-
-
noncompetitive vs. dopa and tyrosine
CO
-
-
Co2+
-
75% residual activity at 10 mM
Co2+
82.73% inhhibition at 20 mM
Co2+
-
22% inhibition at 5 mM
Cu2+
-
50% residual activity at 1 mM
Cu2+
-
strongly inhibited by Cu2+, 92.7% inhibition at 5 mM
Cu2+
-
slight inhibition at 1 mM
Cu2+
-
52% inhibition at 1 mM, 58% inhibition at 10 mM
Cu2+
-
strongly inhibited diphenolase activity at ripening stage 1 and 2
Cu2+
-
88.3% residual activity at 1 mM
Cu2+
-
inhibition at concentrations higher than 5 mM
Cu2+
-
over 60% inhibition at 5 mM
Cu2+
-
over 60% inhibition at 5 mM
cuminaldehyde
-
-
cuminaldehyde
-
noncompetitive inhibition
Cupferron
-
-
cysteine
-
inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview
cysteine
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
cysteine
-
the phenoloxidase activity of HdPO is most sensitive to cysteine, complete inhibition at 10 mM
davanol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM
davanol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM
davanol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM
davanol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM
davanol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.1 mM, complete inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.001 mM, 10% inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
strongly inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate, 90.2% inhibition at 20 mM
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
2 mM, complete inhibition, 1 mM Cu2+ restores activity to original level
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.5 mM, 50% inhibition of isoenzyme I, 0.19 mM, 50% inhibition of isoenzyme III
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.05 mM, 97% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, 83% inhibition of catecholase activity
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.0051 mM, 50% inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
1 mM, 34% inhibition of isoenzyme A, 95% inhibition of isoenzyme B
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.166 mM, 90% inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.1 mM, 80% inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
1 mM, complete inhibition of L-dopa oxidation, 21% inhibition of tyrosinase activity
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
1 mM, complete inhibition of L-dopa oxidation
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
0.072 mM, 50% inhibition
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
competitive vs. tyrosine, addition of Cu2+ restores activity
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
diethyldithiocarbamate
Vibrio tyrosinaticus
-
10 mM, 80% inactivation, activity is restored by incubation with 0.01 mM Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+ or Fe2+
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
noncompetitive vs. dopa and tyrosine
DL-dithiothreitol
-
very slight inhibition at 300 pmol/unit of enzyme
DL-dithiothreitol
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
DL-dithiothreitol
-
0.1 mM, complete inhibition
dopastin
-
-
EDTA
highly effective inhibitor, complete inhibition at 1 mM
EDTA
-
below 2 mM, 66% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 28% inhibition at 1 mM, no inhibition at 2 mM
EDTA
-
81% residual activity at 10 mM
EDTA
-
sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, uncompetitive inhibition
EDTA
-
strongly inhibited by EDTA, complete inhibition at 10 mM
EDTA
-
in descending order of inhibition potency: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > glutathione = ascorbic acid > L-cysteine > EDTA > citric acid
EDTA
-
no inhibition at 1 mM, 17% inhibition at 10 mM
EDTA
-
evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
EDTA
-
10% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 21% inhibition at 10 mM
EDTA
-
no inhibition EDTA
EDTA
19.42% inhhibition at 50 mM
EDTA
-
27% inhibition at 1.0 mM
EDTA
-
11% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 15% inhibition at 5 mM
EDTA
-
57% residual activity at 10 mM
EDTA
-
no inhibition EDTA
EDTA
34% inhibition at 10 mM
EDTA
-
no inhibition EDTA
EDTA
-
1 mM, 71% inhibition of L-dopa oxidation
EDTA
-
53.3% residual activity at 0.5 mM
ellagic acid
-
-
ellagic acid
-
exhibits less tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than 3-hydroxyphloretin or catechol
esculetin
-
esculetin
-
6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, weak inhibition
ferulic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, phenolic acids
ferulic acid
-
3.3% inhibition at 0.33 mM
ferulic acid
-
12% inhibition at 0.1 mM
gallic acid
-
significantly inhibited tyrosinase. Isolated from Radix polygoni multiflori, a herb used effectively to prevent graying and treat skin depigmentation diseases in traditional Chinese medicine
gallic acid
-
shows a concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase with IC50 of 0.644 mg/ml
gallic acid
-
significantly inhibited tyrosinase. Isolated from Radix polygoni multiflori, a herb used effectively to prevent graying and to treat skin depigmentation diseases in traditional Chinese medicine
geranyl gallate
-
-
glabrene
-
-
glabridin
-
-
glabridin
-
99.8% inhibition at 0.33 mg/ml
glabridin
-
clinically used tyrosinase inhibitor
glabridine
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glabridine
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glabridine
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glabridine
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glutathione
highly effective inhibitor, complete inhibition at 0.5 mM
glutathione
-
noncompetitve
glutathione
-
0.01 mM, 50% inhibition of recombinant enzyme
glutathione
-
mixed-type inhibition
glutathione
-
most potent inhibitor for Lactuca sativa L. PPO
glutathione
-
in descending order of inhibition potency: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > glutathione = ascorbic acid > L-cysteine > EDTA > citric acid
glutathione
-
strong inhibitor even at low concentrations
glutathione
-
52% inhibition at 1 mM, 56% inhibition at 10 mM
glutathione
-
complete inhibition at 1.0 mM
glutathione
-
1 mM, 86% inhibition of L-dopa oxidation
glutathione
-
competitive
glyasperin C
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glyasperin C
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glyasperin C
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glyasperin C
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glycolic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glycolic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glycolic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
glycolic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
guanidine hydrochloride
-
up to 30% inhibition of the cresolase activity is observed upon addition of up to 10 mM guanidine hydrochloride, the inhibition remained at the same level in up to 16 mM guanidine hydrochloride. On the other hand, up to 55% inhibition of the catecholase activity is observed in 17 mM guanidine hydrochloride, a further increase in guanidine hydrochloride to 90 mM led to as much as 75% inhibition of the catecholase activity
guanidine hydrochloride
2.9% inhhibition at 50 mM
Hg2+
-
Hg2+ causes an inhibition in the range of 13% and 72% at 1 and 10 mM, respectively
Hg2+
-
strongly inhibited diphenolase activity at ripening stage 1 and 2
Hg2+
-
inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylation
hydroquinone
-
-
hydroquinone
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroquinone
shows membrane breaking and toxicity towards melanosomes, and induces hydroxyl free radicals
hydroquinone
-
HQ, tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroquinone
-
exhibits less tyrosinase-inhibitory activity than 3-hydroxyphloretin or catechol, very toxic to HEMn cell
hydroquinone
-
HQ, tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroquinone
-
HQ, tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroxyanisole
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroxyanisole
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroxyanisole
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
hydroxyanisole
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
isoliquiritigenin
-
-
K+
-
-
kaempferol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.230
kaempferol
-
competitive inhibition
kaempferol
-
clinically used tyrosinase inhibitor
kaempferol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.230
kaempferol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.230
kaempferol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.230
kaempferol
-
competitive, IC50: 0.230
KCN
-
-
kojic acid
-
IC50: 0.277 mM
kojic acid
-
IC50: 0.0163 mM
kojic acid
-
IC50: 0.01667 mM
kojic acid
-
inhibitory effects with kojic acid
kojic acid
-
postive control
kojic acid
-
commonly used tyrosinase inhibitor
kojic acid
-
inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of tyrosinase
kojic acid
-
is known to inhibit tyrosinase by chelating with copper. Shows only slight pH-dependence of tyrosinase inhibition
kojic acid
-
well-known tyrosinase inhibitor
kojic acid
-
used as a positive control
kojic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
kojic acid
-
used as standard inhibitor for the tyrosinase
kojic acid
-
76.41% inhibition at 0.33 mg/ml
kojic acid
-
IC50 of 0.0021 mg/ml
kojic acid
-
mixed-type inhibition, inhibition study of tyrosinase by pressure-mediated (electrophoretically-mediated) microanalysis, method development and validation, overview
kojic acid
-
clinically used tyrosinase inhibitor
kojic acid
-
42.8% inhibition at 50 mM, competitive inhibition
kojic acid
-
binding mode on the catalytic site of the enzyme
kojic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
kojic acid
-
20% inhibition at 0.1 mM
kojic acid
-
20% inhibition at 7 mM
kojic acid
-
52% inhibition at 0.1 mM
kojic acid
IC50: 0.048 mM for ST94 and ST94t; IC50: 0.048 mM for ST94 and ST94t
kojic acid
-
55% inhibition at 1 mM, 86% inhibition at 10 mM
kojic acid
-
48% inhibition at 0.1 mM, complete inhibition at 10 mM
kojic acid
-
55% inhibition at 0.1 mM
kojic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
kojic acid
i.e. 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-g-pyrone
kojic acid
-
competitive inhibitor and transition state analogue
kojic acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitor
kurarinol
-
prenylated flavonoid from Sophora flavescens, isolated from the EtOAc fraction, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Kurarinol is a prenylated flavanone and an effective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, beta-amylase, and cGMP phosphodiesterase-5, and also inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity
kurarinol
-
from the root of Sophora flavescens, shows no antibacterial activity, competitive inhibitor. Is 50times more potent than lavandulylated flavanones sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone
L-ascorbic acid
-
met-tyrosinase is stable in anaerobic conditions but, in the presence of L-ascorbic acid undergoes an inactivation
L-ascorbic acid
-
1 mM, complete inhibition of purified enzyme, 20% inhibition of crude enzyme
L-ascorbic acid
-
as compared with two major effective cosmetic additives, arbutin and L-ascorbic acid, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-wrapped fullerene derivative (Radical Sponge) shows the more marked depigmenting effect in human melanocytes or melanoma cells
L-ascorbic acid
-
0.04 mM, complete inhibition
L-ascorbic acid
-
2 mM, 78% inhibition
L-ascorbic acid
-
competitive
L-cysteine
-
effects of inhibitors on mushroom PPO are determined by using pyrogallol as substrate
L-cysteine
-
most effective inhibitor, noncompetitve
L-cysteine
-
0.5 mM, 61% inhibition of catechol oxidation
L-cysteine
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
L-cysteine
-
strong inhibitor
L-cysteine
-
0.1 mM, 86% inhibition
L-cysteine
-
uncompetitive inhibition
L-cysteine
-
in descending order of inhibition potency: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > glutathione = ascorbic acid > L-cysteine > EDTA > citric acid
L-cysteine
-
strong inhibitor even at low concentrations
L-cysteine
-
significantly inhibits PPO activity, evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
L-cysteine
-
slight inhibition at 10 mM
L-cysteine
-
13% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 38% inhibition at 5 mM
L-cysteine
-
competitive inhibition, 74.5% inhibition at 10 mM
L-cysteine
-
2 mM, 95% inhibition
L-cysteine
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM
L-cysteine
-
reducing agent
L-cysteine
complete inhibition at 0.05 mM
L-cysteine
-
10.8% residual activity at 0.5 mM
L-cysteine
-
52% and 76% inhibition at 1 mM for the cv. Narince samples from 2006 and 2007, respectively
L-mimosine
-
-
L-mimosine
-
IC50: 0.00368 mM
L-mimosine
-
used as a positive control
L-mimosine
-
substrate analogue
L-phenylalanine
-
-
L-phenylalanine
-
8.34 mM, 50% inhibition of recombinant enzyme
luteolin
-
-
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
-
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
-
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
-
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
-
luteolin 7-O-glucoside
-
-
Metabisulfite
-
0.1 mM, 99% inhibition
Metabisulfite
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
Metabisulfite
-
0.1 mM, 99% inhibition, 1 mM Cu2+ restores activity to original level
Metabisulfite
-
reducing agent
methanol
-
the soluble enzyme retains 7.8% of its original activity, as compared to 31% by the cross-linked enzyme aggregates, after being incubated in the presence of 40% (v/v) methanol
methanol
-
50% inhibition in 50% methanol
Methimazole
-
-
Mg2+
-
65% residual activity at 10 mM
Mg2+
-
29.3% inhibition at 10 mM
Mg2+
15.13% inhhibition at 20 mM
Mn2+
-
75% residual activity at 10 mM
Mn2+
38.16% inhhibition at 20 mM
Mn2+
-
62.9% residual activity at 1 mM
monobenzyl hydroquinone
-
benoquin, PBP, tyrosinase inhibitor
monobenzyl hydroquinone
-
benoquin, PBP, tyrosinase inhibitor
monobenzyl hydroquinone
-
benoquin, PBP, tyrosinase inhibitor
monobenzyl hydroquinone
-
benoquin, PBP, tyrosinase inhibitor
morin
-
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM
morin
-
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM
morin
-
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM
morin
-
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM
morin
-
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
-
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
-
1% residual activity at 1 mM
N-caffeoylserotonin
-
55% inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-caffeoylserotonin
-
73% inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-protocatechuoylserotonin
-
43% inhibition at 0.1 mM
N-protocatechuoylserotonin
-
48% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Na+
-
-
NaCl
46.5% inhibition at 0.4 M
NaCl
-
55% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 59% inhibition at 10 mM
NaCl
-
84% residual activity at 10 mM
NaCl
-
39.6% residual activity at 0.5 mM
NaN3
-
treatment with NaN3 at increasing concentrations (0-4 mM) results in a reduced activity for both soluble and cross-linked enzyme forms, but aggregation as cross-linked enzyme aggregates improves tyrosinase stability at higher concentrations (above 0.4 mM)
Ni2+
-
87% inhibition at 10 mM
Ni2+
-
56.6% residual activity at 1 mM
norartocarpetin
-
exhibits competitive inhibition characteristics. Flavone displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity, isolated from the stem barks of Morus lhou. Inhibitory potency of this flavonoid toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase is investigated. Norartocarpetin shows a time-dependent inhibition against oxidation of l-tyrosine. It also operated under the enzyme isomerization model
norartocarpetin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
norartocarpetin
-
competitive inhibitor
oxalic acid
-
-
oxalic acid
-
uncompetitive inhibition
oxalic acid
-
16% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 31% inhibition at 5 mM
oxyresveratrol
-
-
oxyresveratrol
-
clinically used tyrosinase inhibitor
oxyresveratrol
-
a stilbenoid and reversible, non-competitive, and strong inhibitor of tyrosinase, is proposed as skin-whitening and anti-browning agent, can also act as enzyme substrate
p-coumaric acid
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, phenolic acids
p-coumaric acid
-
mixed inhibition
p-coumaric acid
-
clinically used tyrosinase inhibitor
p-coumaric acid
-
14% residual activity at 0.5 M
p-Cresol
-
competitive to catechol
p-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
-
p-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
in descending order of inhibition potency: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > glutathione = ascorbic acid > L-cysteine > EDTA > citric acid
p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
-
4HBA, inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. As the concentration of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol increases, the enzyme activity rapidly decreases. Results indicate that the tyrosinase binds to the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and induces the enzyme conformation changes, and then causes total loss of the enzyme
p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
-
p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibits an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in mouse melanocytes at noncytotoxic concentrations. The results indicate that no significant difference is observed in tyrosinase gene expression between the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol-treated and non-treated cells. Thus, it is concluded that no repression of tyrosinase gene is induced by p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
Phenylthiourea
72.2% inhibition at 0.34 mM
Phenylthiourea
-
IC50: 0.17 mM
Phenylthiourea
-
0.001 mM, 26% inhibition
Phenylthiourea
-
strong inhibition
Phenylthiourea
IC50: 0.00017 mM for ST94, 0.00018 mM for ST94t; IC50: 0.00017 mM for ST94, 0.00018 mM for ST94t
Phenylthiourea
-
PTU, copper-chelating reagent, inhibits monophenolhydroxylase and diphenoloxidase activity, inhibits the activity strongly even at concentrations in the nM-range, noncompetitive inhibitor, inhibition with PTU is reversible
Phenylthiourea
-
binding and inhibition mode
phloretin
-
the compound is a substrate and an inhibitor for tyrosinase, 63% inhibition at 0.2 mM
phloridzin
-
the compound is a substrate and an inhibitor for tyrosinase, 53% inhibition at 0.15 mM
potassium sorbate
-
23% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 37% inhibition at 10 mM
potassium sorbate
-
78% residual activity at 10 mM
quercetin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM
quercetin
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium cylleneum, flavones/flavonols
quercetin
-
decreases the rate of bioreduction to a greater degree in tyrosinase overexpressing clones
quercetin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM
quercetin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM
quercetin
-
inhibition of 36%
quercetin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM
quercetin
-
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM
quinone isomerase
-
part of a complex consisting of phenoloxidase, quinone isomerase and quinone methide isomerase
-
quinone isomerase
-
part of a complex consisting of phenoloxidase, quinone isomerase and quinone methide isomerase
-
RADSRADC
-
-
RADSRADC
-
25% inhibition at 0.1 mM
rutin
-
tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum, flavone/flavonol glucosides
Salicylhydroxamic acid
-
Salicylhydroxamic acid
-
reversible competitive inhibition
Salicylhydroxamic acid
reversible competitive inhibition
Salicylhydroxamic acid
reversible competitive inhibition
Salicylhydroxamic acid
-
36% residual activity at 0.5 M
SDS
-
SDS
-
a sharp decrease in the activity of the soluble enzyme is noted from 0 to 17 mM SDS
SDS
43.17% inhhibition at 50 mM
SDS
78% inhibition at 0.05 mM
Sodium azide
-
effects of inhibitors on mushroom PPO are determined by using pyrogallol as substrate
Sodium azide
-
83% residual activity at 10 mM
Sodium azide
-
evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
Sodium azide
-
noncompetitive
sodium chloride
-
10% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 12% inhibition at 5 mM
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
-
SDDC, significantly inhibits PPO activity, evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate. Inhibitors such as sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate and thiourea, which combine with the copper moiety in the enzyme, are generally potent inhibitors of PPO. The inhibitors are copper-chelating agents and they suppress browning activities in which copper is directly involved in the oxidation of phenolic compounds
Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
-
cstrong competitive inhibitor
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
-
specific inhibitor
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
-
complete inhibition at 1.0 mM
sodium dodecylsulfate
-
above 10 mM inhibition of catecholase activity
sodium dodecylsulfate
-
-
sodium dodecylsulfate
-
-
Sodium fluoride
-
effects of inhibitors on mushroom PPO are determined by using pyrogallol as substrate
Sodium fluoride
-
5 mM, complete inhibition
Sodium metabisulfite
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
67% inhibition at 1 mM, 70% inhibition at 10 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate
Sodium metabisulfite
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
for all ripening stages sodium metabisulfite inhibits PPO activity
Sodium metabisulfite
-
strong inhibition
Sodium metabisulfite
-
13% inhibition at 0.5 mM, 38% inhibition at 5 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 70.5% inhibition at 10 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM; effective inhibitor, complete inhibition at 1 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
Sodium metabisulfite
-
competitive
Sodium metabisulfite
-
49% and 74% inhibition at 1 mM for the cv. Narince samples from 2006 and 2007, respectively
sodium sulfite
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
sodium sulfite
-
the phenoloxidase activity of HdPO is much sensitive to sodium sulfite, 72.1% inhibition at 10 mM
sodium sulfite
-
66% inhibition at 1 mM, 70% inhibition at 10 mM
sodium sulfite
complete inhhibition at 50 mM
steppogenin
-
isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus, strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity
steppogenin
-
competitive inhibitor
succinic acid
-
18% inhibition at 0.1 mM, 31% inhibition at 10 mM
succinic acid
-
35% residual activity at 10 mM
terrein
-
examine the effects of a combination of 2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate with terrein, an agent that down-regulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
terrein
-
examines the effects of a combination of 2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate with terrein, an agent that down-regulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Cells co-treated with 2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate and terrein show much less pigmentation than cells treated with 2-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate or terrein alone
Thiourea
-
complete inhibition at 10 mM
Thiourea
-
the phenoloxidase activity of HdPO is much sensitive to thiourea, 83.7% inhibition at 10 mM
Thiourea
-
0.5 mM, 85% inhibition of catechol oxidation
Thiourea
-
evaluated for effectiveness as an inhibitor of PPO activity, using catechol as the substrate. Inhibitors such as sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate and thiourea, which combine with the copper moiety in the enzyme, are generally potent inhibitors of PPO. The inhibitors are copper-chelating agents and they suppress browning activities in which copper is directly involved in the oxidation of phenolic compounds
Thiourea
complete inhhibition at 50 mM
Thiourea
-
0.8 mM, 50% inhibition
Thiourea
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 46% inhibition at 15 mM
Thiourea
-
9.6% residual activity at 1 mM
Triton X-100
-
0.5% 87% inhibition
Triton X-100
-
leads to a decrease in the PPO activity, whether p-cresol or catechol is used as the substrate. With p-cresol as the substrate, up to 80% inhibition is observed in the presence of 30 microM Triton X-100
Triton X-100
-
42.5% residual activity at 10 mM
tropolone
highly effective inhibitor, 94% inhibition at 10 mM
tropolone
-
is known to inhibit tyrosinase by chelating with copper. Shows only slight pH-dependence of tyrosinase inhibition
tropolone
-
specific inhibitor
tropolone
IC50: 0.0021 mM for ST94, 0.0022 mM for ST94t; IC50: 0.0021 mM for ST94, 0.0022 mM for ST94t
tropolone
-
48% inhibition at 1 mM, 64% inhibition at 10 mM
tropolone
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
tropolone
-
substrate analogue, best inhibitors are tropolone, hinokitiol and hexestrol
Tween 20
-
84% residual activity at 10 mM
Tween 20
-
leads to a decrease in the PPO activity, whether p-cresol or catechol is used as the substrate. 50% inhibition is observed in the presence of 40-65 microM Tween 20
Urea
-
30% inhibition of cresolase activity is reached with 17 mM urea. No further inhibition is observed for up to 100 mM urea. When the catecholase activity is assayed in the presence of urea, up to 60% inhibition is observed in 0.5 mM urea, a further increase in urea concentration resulted in more inhibition
Urea
1.44% inhhibition at 50 mM
YRSRKYSSWY
-
-
YRSRKYSSWY
-
35% inhibition at 0.1 mM
Zn2+
-
77% residual activity at 10 mM
Zn2+
-
strongly inhibited by Zn2+, 80.5% inhibition at 5 mM
Zn2+
-
activates by 6% at 5 mM and inhibits by 34% at 10 mM
Zn2+
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82% inhibition at 10 mM
Zn2+
76.36% inhhibition at 20 mM
Zn2+
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binding structure in the active site, modeling, overview. Replacing the Cu2+ with Zn2+ ions can be performed in TyrBm without structural consequences, while the presence of Zn2+ ions inhibits the activity of tyrosinase on both monophenols and diphenols
Zn2+
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70% inhibition at 5 mM
additional information
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melan-a cell viability after application of N,N-unsubstituted selenourea derivatives and kojic acid, overview
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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no inhibition by phythyl-1-hexanoate and pentacosanol, both isolated and identified from Trifolium balansae
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suicide inactivation of tyrosinase acting on o-diphenols. A kinetic study of the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase during its action on a variety of substrates is described, and a mechanism is proposed to explain the experimental kinetic results and to throw light on the suicide inactivation step of mushroom tyrosinase
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compounds from Sophora flavescens are further tested for their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. MeOH extract fraction, CH2Cl2 fraction, EtOAc fraction and, n-BuOH fraction from Sophora flavescens inhibit L-tyrosine oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in concentration dependent manner. EtOAc fraction has more potent inhibitory activity than the other fractions
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additional information
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flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides show moderate inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (almost 2-3times weaker than kojic acid). In general at lower concentrations activity descends as flavonols > flavones > acylated monoglycosides > monoglycosides > diglycosides
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additional information
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the main active moiety interacting with the center of tyrosinase would be thiosemicarbazo group, the inhibitory activity is closely related with thiosemicarbazide moieties and the groups attached on the aromatic ring. The proposed structure of the formed complexes between tyrosinase and synthesized compounds is shown
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NHOH moiety is important for tyrosinase inhibition
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it is shown, that tyrosinase is not inhibited by an excess of monophenol or by reductants such as 6BH4, 6.7 di-CH3BH4 and AH2, when the experimental measurements are made in the true steady-state
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extracts and constituents of Sideroxylon inerme L. stem bark, used in South Africa for skin lightening. Three different extracts (acetone, methanol and dichloromethane) of Sideroxylon inerme L. are evaluated for their inhibitory effect in vitro on the monophenolase and diphenolase activated forms of tyrosinase, using a colorimetric procedure
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antibrowning effects of Artocarpus heterophyllus extracts on fresh-cut apple slices tested
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extracts of Antrodia camphorata prepared by 50% extraction and distilled water, and all extracts prepared from Agaricus brasiliensis and Cordyceps militaris show less than 25% inhibition in the reaction mixtures contained 1 mg/ml extracts. No significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity is observed when 0.1 mg/ml extracts are used in the reaction mixture
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the ranking of the inhibitory potency is physcion > citreorosein = anthraglycoside B = emodin
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not inhibited by glabridin diacetate, glabridin dihexanoate, glabridin didecanoate, glabridin dipalmitate, and glabridin distearate
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5-(4-(2-butoxyethoxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione is not active against tyrosinase
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ellagic acid is not an inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase
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histidine chemical modification of tyrosinase conspicuously inactivates enzyme activity
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not inhibited by VLLK and KFEFKFEF
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atractylenolide III, isofuranodiene, glechomanolide, and chloranthalactone A exhibit no inhibition against tyrosinase
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the alcoholic extract from seed kernels of Thai mango (Mangifera indica L. cultivar Fahlun) exhibits potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with respect to L-DOPA with IC50 of 0.09863 mg/ml
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additional information
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not inhibited by alpha-tocopherol
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additional information
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not inhibited by butyric acid
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the enzyme exhibits a lag period when employed in vitro and it is slowly inactivated by catechol substrates and is rapidly inactivated by resorcinols
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true inhibitors of tyrosinase diminish the rate of action of the enzyme when it acts on either of its physiological substrates, L-tyrosine (monophenolase activity) or L-dopa (diphenolase activity)
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additional information
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design, synthesis (by incorporating heterocyclic piperazine ring), and inhibitory activity of vanillin derivatives against tyrosinase, molecular docking analysis using the tyrosinase structure PDB ID 2ZWE, overview
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additional information
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structural mechanism of resorcinol inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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synthesis, computational studies and enzyme inhibitory kinetics of substituted methyl[(2-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-hydrazono)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors, pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking studies using mushroom tyrosinase structure, PDB ID 2Y9X, as template, overview. Two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling. Inhibition of the diphenolase activity. The thiazolidinone derivatives are synthesized by condensation of substituted thiosemicarbazones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 4. The thiosemicarbazones are synthesized as intermediates by acid catalyzed condensation of thiosemicarbazide with a range of substituted aromatic aldehydes
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additional information
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both 4'-hydroxylation and methoxylation of 4-phenylbenzoic acid increase the inhibitory activity of phenylbenzoic acid isomers against mushroom tyrosinase, molecular inhibition mechanism involving the copper ions of the enzyme, overview. Arg268 fixes the angle of the aromatic ring of Phe264, and Val248 and is supposed to interact with the inhibitors as a hydrophobic manner. 4'-Hydroxylation but not methoxylation of 2-phenylbenzoic acid appears inhibitory activity. The interactions of Asn260 and Phe264 in the active site with the adequate-angled biphenyl group are involved in the inhibitory activities of the modified phenylbenzoic acid isomers by parallel and T-shaped Pi-Pi interactions, respectively
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additional information
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inhibitory kinetics of azachalcones and their oximes on mushroom tyrosinase, solid-state-based mechanochemical synthesis process, and analysis of the inhibition mechanism, overview. The 2'-OH group substituted on ring A is an important design element in achieving enhanced tyrosinase inhibition. The presence of a pyridinyl skeleton results in an improved tyrosinase effect. The pyridinyl N-atom of substituted azachalcone derivatives can possibly get protonated at physiological pH or might be available to coordinate the Cu-atoms existing in the tyrosinase active site
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additional information
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inhibition of tyrosinase by 4H-chromene analogues, synthesis, kinetic studies, and computational analysis, overview. Dihydropyrano[3,2-b] chromenediones (DHPCs), which are considered 4H-chromenes, are an important class of fused oxygenated heterocycles that are synthesized via a one-pot three-component reaction of kojic acid, an aldehyde and a 1,3-dione. Molecular docking and molecular modeling using the enzyme crystal structure, PDB ID 2Y9X, as template
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additional information
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automated docking calculations for inhibitor docking to the enzyme structure model, molecular dynamics, overview. Intermolecular interactions and effectiveness of specific inhibition
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additional information
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design, synthesis, kinetic mechanism, and molecular docking studies of 1-pentanoyl-3-arylthioureas as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase and free radical scavengers, structure activity relationships, overview
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additional information
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inhibition mechanism of mono- and diphenolase activities, overview
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inhibitor screening using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), two-state modeling. Structural changes of the mushroom tyrosinase in the presence of inhibitors are analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy
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hydroxycoumarin derivatives as enzyme inhibitors, molecular docking study, structure-activity relationships, overview
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avocado proanthocyanidins, from Persea americana fruits, are a source of tyrosinase inhibitors, they are reversible and competitive inhibitors, structure-activity relationships, and inhibition mechanism, overview. Ligand structure analysis by mass spectroscopy
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additional information
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the inhibition of tyrosinase by analogues of kojic acid, main interactions occurring between inhibitors-tyrosinase complexes and influence of divalent cation (Cu2+) in enzymatic inhibition are analysed using molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and linear interaction energy (LIE) method, using the three-dimensional structure of enzyme AbTYR in complex with inhibitor tropolone, PDB 2Y9X, overview. No inhibition by 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone. Tyrosinase displays various inhibition patterns
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additional information
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proanthocyanidins extracted from Rhododendron pulchrum fresh leaves, collected from the campus of Jiangxi Normal University (Nanchang, China) in June 2011, are a source of tyrosinase inhibitors, structure, activity, and mechanism, mass spectrometric analysis, overview. Inhibition of monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyosinase. Molecular docking of tyrosinase with the ligands using the structure of the oxy tyrosinase from Streptomyces castaneoglobisporus as the initial model for docking simulations
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additional information
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the compounds with resorcinol structure can also act as substrates, react with tyrosinase producing reactive quinones
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additional information
carvacrol derivatives as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors, synthesis, kinetics mechanism and molecular docking studies using crystal structure of mushroom tyrosinase, PDB ID 2Y9X, overview
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additional information
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synthesis of caffeic acid ester morpholines and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase
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additional information
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mushroom tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition by N-acetyl-pentapeptides, inhibition kinetics, overview. The compounds inhibits melanogenesis and reduce the melanin content, e.g. in murine B16F10 cells
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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a significant reduction in phenoloxidase activity is observed from the 6 h embryo stage to the day 11 larvae
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additional information
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over the same ranges of concentrations (0-30 microM for Triton X-100, 0-65 microM for Tween 20 and for Tween 80, and 0-83 microM for NP-40), no effect is observed on PPO activity when catechol is used as the substrate
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additional information
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tyrosinase activity is inhibited by an unknown epidermal protein
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additional information
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in vitro and in vivo inhibitory potency of natural compounds, inhibition of melanogenesis, overview; no inhibition by N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide at 0.1 mM
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additional information
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melanin plays a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis, however, the production of abnormal melanin pigmentation is a serious esthetic problem in humans, melanin biosynthesis can be inhibited by avoiding UV exposure, the inhibition of tyrosinase, the inhibition of melanocyte metabolism and proliferation, or the removal of melanin with corneal ablation, overview, structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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inhibitory potency of different aurones, no inhibition by apigenin, (Z)-2-benzylidene-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-2-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-benzylidene-4,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-ethylbenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(2-ethylbenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-ethyloxybenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-2-(4-tert-butylbenzylidene)-4,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one, (Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-propylbenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one, and (Z)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one, overview, cytotoxic effects on melanocytes depend on the skin color type of the origin, overview
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additional information
automated docking calculations for inhibitor docking to the enzyme structure model, molecular dynamics, overview. Intermolecular interactions and effectiveness of specific inhibition. Residues N81, N260, H263, and M280 are involved in the binding of inhibitors to mushroom tyrosinase. E195 and H208 are important residues in bacterial tyrosinase, while E230, S245, N249, H252, V262, and S265 bind to inhibitors and are important in forming Pi interaction in human tyrosinase
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additional information
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automated docking calculations for inhibitor docking to the enzyme structure model, molecular dynamics, overview. Intermolecular interactions and effectiveness of specific inhibition. Residues N81, N260, H263, and M280 are involved in the binding of inhibitors to mushroom tyrosinase. E195 and H208 are important residues in bacterial tyrosinase, while E230, S245, N249, H252, V262, and S265 bind to inhibitors and are important in forming Pi interaction in human tyrosinase
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additional information
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results indicate that the inhibition mechanisms of thiol groups are different from those of halide salts
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poor inhibition by sodium chloride at 10 mM
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additional information
no inhibition by Li+. The Cu2+, the active centre of PPO, can be chelated by EDTA and ascorbic acid or replaced by other metal ions such as Ca2+, Zn2+ and Co2+, which cause the inactivation of PPO
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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the inhibition of enzyme activity as a function of pH, temperature, and ascorbic acid is studied. The enzymatic activity increases with temperature (within the range studied) and is completely inhibited at pH values below 3.0 regardless of temperature. In alkaline conditions, the inhibitory pH level depends on temperature, at 8°C it is observed at pH above 9.0, whereas at 25°C, inhibition occurrs at pH values above 11.0. In any case, the browning reaction does not occur in the presence of ascorbic acid, and, theoretically, prevent browning in bruised olives
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additional information
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enzyme-inhibitor binding structure and inhibition mechanism, overview
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pH-dependent inhibition of the enzyme
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no inhibitory effect of Na3N
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additional information
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not inhibited by 2,2'-dipyridyl
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additional information
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natural occurring compounds like cyclodextrins (two different types of cyclodextrins (OH-beta-CDs and gamma-CDs) tested on enzymatic diphenolic oxidation), which are used in food technology and in pharmacology, can release the inhibitory effect of the inhibitors
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additional information
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structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview
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additional information
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the enzyme is strongly inhibited by the reducing agents
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additional information
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the enzyme is strongly inhibited by the reducing agents
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additional information
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not inhibited by 1 mM arbutin, or 0.2 mM Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+
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product inhibition of o-quinones
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additional information
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no inhibition by citric acid. The mode of action of inhibitors differs from each other. Ascorbic acid and metabisulfite are reducing agents, which can either reduce o-quinones to colourless diphenols or react irreversibly with o-quinones to form stable colourless
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additional information
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not inhibited by 2,2'-dipyridyl
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